形容词子句(关系子句).doc

形容詞子句（關係子句） 術語： 1. 子句：含有主詞及動詞的一組單字。 2. 獨立子句（主要子句）：是一個完整的句子，它含句子的主要主詞及動詞。 3. 附屬子句：是一個不完整的句子，須與獨立子句相連接。分為三種： A. 副詞子句：由副詞連接詞when, before, after, if , because, so 等引導，具 有副詞性質的子句。功用在修飾主要子句的動詞。B. 名詞子句：具有名詞的性質，可當句子的主詞、動詞或介系詞的受 詞以及主詞補語的句子。 C. 形容詞子句：（本課重點）-一. 概述： 1. 形容詞子句：具有形容詞的性質，用來修飾名詞的附屬子句。它描述、說 明或更詳細地解釋名詞。也稱關係子句， 因為是由關係代名 詞 who，which 和 that 所引導的子句。 2. 關係代名詞 代名詞 連接詞。位於形容詞子句之首，目的在引導形 容詞子句，修飾它的先行詞。 3. 先行詞：關係代名詞所代替的名詞或代名詞叫先行詞。先行詞通常位於關係 代名詞之前，原則上兩者須緊靠在一起。 二. 關係代名詞的格：主格、所有格、受格 先行詞主格所有格受格人whowhosewho(m)物、動物whichwhosewhich人、物、動物thatxthat三. 作主詞用的代名詞：WHO、WHICH、THAT 例1： I thanked the girl. She helped me. I thanked the girl who helped me. I thanked the girl that helped me. （先行詞）（形容詞子句） 例2： The books are mine. They are on the table. The books which are on the table are mine. The books that are on the table are mine. （先行詞） （形容詞子句） 形容詞子句中的動詞須和先行詞一致。 四. 作受詞用的代名詞：WHO (M)、WHICH、THAT A. 代名詞做動詞的受詞： 例1： The man was Mr. Jones. I saw him. The man I sawwas Mr. Jones. The manthat I sawwas Mr. Jones. The manwho(m) I sawwas Mr. Jones. 例2： The books were expensive. We bought them last night. The bookswe bought last night were expensive. The booksthat we bought last nightwere expensive. The bookswhich we bought last nightwere expensive. . 作為受詞的關係代名詞，在形容詞子句中常常被省略。（ 作主詞 的代名詞，則不能被省略。） B. 代名詞做介系詞的受詞： 例1： She is the woman. I told you about her. She is the womanI told you about. She is the womanthatI told you about. She is the womanwho(m)I told you about. She is the womanabout whomI told you. 例2： The music was good. We listened to it last night. The musicwe listened to last nightwas good. The musicthatwe listened to last nightwas good. The musicwhichwe listened to last nightwas good. The musicto whichwe listened last nightwas good. 1. 在極為正式的英語中，介系詞置於形容詞子句句首。但在大多數情況下，日 常用語把介系詞用於形容詞子句的主詞及動詞之後，如上所列的例句。 2. 介系詞若置於形容詞子句之首，則只用whom、which。絕不可跟that、who。 3. 當受詞用的關係代名詞可以省略，但前面有介系詞時，則不可。五. WHOSE的使用： 例1： I know the man. His name is Tony. I know the man whose name is Tony. 例2： The people were nice. We visited their house. The people whose house we visited were nice. whose 表示所有，用來代替his，her，its 和 their 等代名詞所有格。whose + 名詞，whose不可省略。六. 形容詞子句的限定用法和補述用法： A. 限定用法：形容詞子句用來指出特定的人、事、物。此時關係代名詞之前沒有逗點， 可用 that 代替 who 或 which。B. 補述用法：形容詞子句對已知的人、事、物做補充、附帶說明。此時關係代名詞之前 有逗點，不可用 that 代替 who 或 which，也不可省略。例1：（a）We took some children on a picnic. The children who wanted to play soccer ranto an open field as soon as we arrived at the park. The others played a different game. 【只有一些孩子都想踢足球。】（b）We took some children on a picnic. The children, who wanted to play soccer, ran to an open field as soon as we arrived at the park.【所有的孩子都想踢足球。】 例2：（a）The cake which Mary made is a very good one. 【Mary做的那蛋糕很棒。】 （b）The cake, which Mary made, is a very good one. 【那蛋糕很棒，Mary做的。】七. 關係代名詞的 “that” 使用： A. 使用時機：(a) 先行詞同時有人和物時。例：1. There are a man and his dog that are running over there. 2. The man and his dog that saved a childs life will always be remembered.(b) 先行詞之前有最高級形容詞時，且形容詞子句為完成式。例：1. Mary is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 2. This is the best novel that I have ever read.(c) 先行詞之前有序數：the first, the second, .the last時。例：1. This is the first book that interests me. 2. No one knows the second man that went to the moon. (d) 先行詞之前有 the only, the same, the very, all, any, no, .時。 （唯一的）（同一）（正是）例：1. Paula was the only one that I knew at the party. 2. This is the same watch that I lost yesterday. 3. This is the very restaurant that I first met my wife in. 4. All that we do every day is sit inside and study. 5. Any newspaper that you read gave the same story. 6. No man that has common sense can believe it.(e) 主要子句是疑問詞開頭的疑問句，為避免如 who.who 或 which.which 等重複現象時，關係代名詞常用 that。例：1. Who was the teacher that came here yesterday? 2. Which is the story book that your sister likes best?B. 不可使用 that 情況：1. 前面有介系詞時。2. 補述用法中。3. 先行詞是 people, those, 形成 people who.，those who（凡是.的人.）時。例：People who use their free time well are usually healthy.八. 關係副詞（where）用法： 例1： I cant forget the house. I grew up in that house. I cant forget the house where I grew up. 例2： There are many websites. We can find a lot of information there. The are many websites where we can find a lot of information. .例3： The building is very old. He lives there.（in the building） The building where he lives is very old. The building in which he lives is very old. The building which he lives in is very old. The building that he lives in is very old. The building he lives in is very old. 先行詞表場所時，用關係副詞where 來引導形容詞子句，修飾先行詞。九. 形容詞子句減化為形容詞片語：A. 省略主詞的代名詞及 be 動詞：1. The man （who is） talking to John is from England.2. They live in a house （that was）built in 1890.3. The people （who are）waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.4. The books （that are）on the floor are mine.B. 形容詞子句中若不含 be 動詞，有時可省略作主詞的代名詞並把動詞改成它的 ing 形式。1. Anyone who wants to come with us is welcome. Anyone wanting to come with us is welcome.2. English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters. English has an alphabet consisting of 26 letters.十. 複合關係代名詞 what 的用法： 1. what = 先行詞 關係代名詞 2. what = the thing(s) which; what = all (that) 例：1. This is the thing which I want. = This is what I want. 2. You got all that you wanted. = You got what you wanted. 3. All that he does every day is (to) watch TV. = What he does every day is (to) watchTV. 4. Im not interested in things that I dont understand. = Im not interested in what I dont understand.Adjective Clause - WorksheetExercise: Combine the two sentences. Use the second sentence as an adjective clause.Using subject pronouns: who, which, thatUsing object pronouns: who(m), which, that1. I saw the man. The man helped us.1. I saw the man.We helped the man. _ _2. We ate the apples. They were on the table.2. We ate the apples.Mary bought them. _ _3. This is the homework. It is from Lesson 5.3. This is the homework.We did it yesterday. _ _4. Mr. Miller is the man. The man spoke to John.4. Mr. Miller is the man.Mary spoke to the man. _ _5. That is the picture.It was on the wall yesterday.5. That is the picture.We looked at it yesterday. _ _6. She read the book.The book tells about Taipei.6. She read the book.John told her about the book. _ _7. That pen is very expensive.It is on the girls desk.7. That pen is very expensive.The girl is writing with it. _ _8. The student is from England.He sits next to me.8. The student is from England.I met him at the party last night. _ _9. The taxi driver was friendly.He took me to the hospital.9. The taxi driver was friendly.I was telling you about him. _ _ _ _形容詞子句句型翻譯A. 作主詞的關係代名詞I. 彗星式（comet type）： 主詞 + 動詞 + 名詞 + who / which / that + 形容詞子句II. 三明治式（sandwich type）： 主詞（名詞）+