2020版高考英语一轮复习Unit4Astronomy讲义新人教版必修3.docx

Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the stars一、单词表词汇全查验运用多媒体，提问默写词汇.阅读词汇(英译汉)第一屏听写1astronomy n天文学2astronomer n. 天文学家3solar adj. 太阳的；日光的4billion pron.&n.&adj. 英万亿；美十亿5carbon n. 碳6dissolve vt.&vi. 溶解；解散7acid n. 酸第二屏听写8mammal n哺乳动物9dioxide n. 二氧化物10extinct adj. 灭绝的；绝种的11lessen vi.&vt. 减少；减轻12weightlessly adv. 失重地13solar system 太阳系14carbon dioxide 二氧化碳_.高频词汇(汉译英)第三屏听写1systemn系统；体系；制度2religionn. 宗教；宗教信仰3theoryn. 学说；理论4violentadj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的5atmospheren. 大气层；气氛6unlikeprep. 与不同；不像7fundamentaladj. 基本的；基础的 第四屏听写8presencen出席；到场；存在9harmfuladj. 有害的10chainn. 链子；连锁；锁链11reactionn. 反应；回应12multiplyvi.&vt. 乘；增加13oxygenn. 氧14existvi. 存在；生存15thusadv. 因此；于是 第五屏听写16puzzlen谜；难题vt.&vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难17biologyn. 生物学18biologistn. 生物学家19gravityn. 万有引力；重力20satelliten. 卫星；人造卫星21gentleadj. 温和的；文雅的 第六屏听写22physicistn物理学家23climaten. 气候24crashvi.&vt. 碰撞；坠落25spaceshipn. 宇宙飞船26pulln&vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力27floatvi.&vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮n. 漂浮物 第七屏听写28globen球体；地球仪；地球29exhaustvt. 用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽30in_time及时；终于31lay_eggs下蛋32give_birth_to产生；分娩33in_ones_turn轮到某人34prevent_._from阻止；制止 第八屏听写35block_out挡住(光线)36cheer_up感到高兴；感到振奋37now_that既然38break_out突发；爆发39watch_out_for密切注意；当心；提防40get_the_hang_of熟悉；掌握；理解 二、单元核心考点初热身提供语境，单元考点自测回顾(一)分类识记单词用时少功效高识记单词写对.知其意(英译汉)1.astronomy n天文学2.globe n. 球体；地球仪；地球3.carbon n. 碳4.dissolve vt.&vi. 溶解；解散5.mammal n. 哺乳动物6.dioxide n. 二氧化物.写其形(汉译英)1.atmospheren. 大气层；气氛2.chainn. 链子；连锁；锁链3.thusadv. 因此；于是4.gravityn 万有引力；重力5.satelliten. 卫星；人造卫星6.gentleadj. 温和的；文雅的7.spaceshipn. 宇宙飞船8.pulln&vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力9.multiplyvi.&vt. 乘；增加核心单词练通1.Those anxious for reform say that the present system (系统) is too narrow.2.Some experts think reading is the fundamental (基本的) skill upon which school education depends. 3.A truck went out of control and crashed (碰撞) into the back of a bus.4.He found something floating (漂浮) on the lake, which frightened him.5.Unlike (不像) his brother he is talkative and has a sense of humour.6.Accustomed to the climate (气候) in the countryside, the old couple prefer not to move to the city.7.He had exhausted (使精疲力尽) himself carrying all the boxes upstairs.拓展单词用活记全记牢1.religion n宗教；宗教信仰religiousadj.宗教的2.theory n学说；理论theoreticaladj.理论的；理论性的3.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violencen暴力violentlyadv.猛烈地4.harmful adj.有害的harmn&v伤害harmlessadj.无害的5.exist vi.存在；生存existencen存在；生存6.puzzle vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 n谜；难题puzzledadj.迷惑不解的puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的7.globe n球体；地球仪；地球globaladj.全球性的；全世界的用准用活1.The harmful materials became harmless to the environment after being dealt with.(harm)2.Do you believe the existence of ghosts? Perhaps they only exist in the minds of some people.(exist)3.Last night we had a discussion, which became more and more violent. Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use violence whatever happens.(violent)4.There was a puzzled look on the little girls face because a puzzling problem puzzled her.(puzzle)5.He often says that he doesnt believe in any religion but meanwhile he respects othersreligious freedom. (religion)1.后缀ist名词荟萃biologist生物学家tourist 旅游者；游客physicist 物理学家scientist 科学家psychologist 心理学家2.“推，拉”家族pull n&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力draw vt.&vi. 拖；拉drag vt.&n. 拖；拉；拽push v&n. 推，推动(力)3.un前缀高频形容词全接触unlike与不同；不像uncertain 不确定的unclear 不清楚的uncomfortable 不舒服的unfair 不公平的 (二)语段串记短语不枯燥兴趣高先 写 对再 用 准第一组1.in_time及时；终于2.prevent_._from 阻止；制止3.now_that 既然4.cheer_up_ 感到高兴；感到振奋5.lay_eggs 下蛋6.give_birth_to 产生；分娩Now_that we all understand that the haze is harmful to our health, we should take effective measures to prevent it from getting bad to worse. No matter what happens, we must cheer_up and try to reduce the pollution. If we keep on, well succeed in_time.第二组1.in_ones_turn 轮到某人2.watch_out_for 密切注意；当心；提防3.depend_on 依靠；取决于4.break_out 突发；爆发5.block_out 挡住(光线)6.get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌握；理解A fire broke_out in the building last night. Luckily, the firefighters arrived in time and put out the fire. We were warned to watch_out_for electricity and gas when cooking our meals. Thanks to the firefighters help, we were not injured. They are the men that we can depend_on when we are in trouble.1.“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多种表达(1)阻止某人做某事 (2)禁止某人做某事prevent sb. from doing sth. prohibit sb. from doing sth.stop sb. from doing sth. ban sb. from doing sth.keep sb. from doing sth. forbid sb. from doing sth.2.“动词out”短语荟萃block out挡住(光线) break out 突发；爆发find out 查出；弄明白 look/watch out 当心；提防put out 扑灭 run out 用完let out 泄露；发出(声音) die out 灭绝(三)仿写用活句式造佳句表达高背 原 句明 句 式学 仿 写1.This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。动词itadj./n.(宾补)to do。如今微信使得分享最新消息成为可能。Nowadays WeChat makes_it_possible_to_share the latest news.2.But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍远，因而我摔倒了。倍数表达法：倍数asadj./adv.原级as其他。这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在，我们的学校是十年前的三倍大。(2018全国卷书面表达)The short film tells about the development of our school. Now our school is three_times_as_big_as_that ten years ago.3.“Oh, dear，” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”now that“既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句，有时that可以省略。既然海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。Now_that_Helen_understood_the_key_to_language,_she was very eager to learn more and use them as much as she could.4.We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加， 宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。过去分词作状语，说明主语的情况。猎人在森林里慢慢地走着，后面跟着他的爱犬。The hunter walked slowly in the forest, followed_by_his_loved_dog.考点新组合阅读微技能Last Sunday, a fire broke out in a building near my home and the stairs were full of smoke. We tried hard _ (get) the fire under control, though we knew the smoke was harmful to our health. Luckily, the firefighters arrived in time. Thus, they, in their turn, began to prevent the fire from spreading and save life. Depending on their professional knowledge, they quickly put out the fire, _ made all of us cheer up.1.处应填词的正确形式为 to_get。2.用名词harm替换处was harmful to：did_harm_to。3.处应填关系词 which。1harmful adj.有害的(1)be harmful to对有害harmless adj. 无害的(2)cause/do harm to . 对造成伤害/有害mean no harm 无恶意there is no harm in doing sth. 做某事没有害处多角练透单句语法填空Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which is very harmful (harm) to their study.If you want to solve the problem in this way, there is no harm in calling him.单句写作这些天，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重的破坏。These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing/doing_serious_harm_to_life and the environment.2in time及时；终于(1)in time for .刚好赶上in time to do sth. 及时做某事(2)in no time 立刻；马上at no time 决不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装)at a time 每次；一次at one time 曾经；一度at the same time 同时at times 有时from time to time 有时；偶尔(3)take ones time 别着急；慢慢来kill time 消磨时间多角练透单句语法填空The car came to a halt just in time to_prevent (prevent) an accident.All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas.补全句子Many people are at the same start, but seldom do they arrive at the ending point at_the_same_time.许多人起点相同，但他们很少同时到达终点。At no time did_they_actually_break_the_rules_of_the_game.It was unfair to punish them.他们实际并未违反比赛规则，惩罚他们是不公平的。3in ones turn轮到某人；接着in turn依次；轮流；反过来；相应地by turns 轮流；交替地take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事It is ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事It turns/turned out that . 结果多角练透单句语法填空The three children have to take turns to_look (look) after their sick mother in the hospital.Now that we have finished designing, the company, in its turn, should do the constructing work.I think its my turn to_drive (drive) the kids to school this week.补全句子People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this in_turn_creates_more_problems.人们使用自己的小汽车避免公共交通延误，反过来，这将造成更多的问题。4cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋；(使)高兴；(使)振奋(1)cheer sb. up使某人振作起来cheer sb. on (比赛中)为某人喝彩；为某人加油(2)Cheers! 口语(用于祝酒)干杯！题点全练补全句子When Im feeling sad, my mother tells me funny stories to_cheer_me_up.当我感到忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事哄我高兴。They gathered round the swimming pool and cheered_her_on.他们聚集在游泳池边为她加油。This is just for you. Cheers!这是特意为你调制的。干杯！名师指津cheer up既可以用作及物动词短语，也可用作不及物动词短语。考点新组合阅读微技能Whether there is life on Mars is still _puzzle to us. The earth is six timesthe size of Mars. Whether we can land on Mars depends on the _ (develop) of science and technology. There is almost no oxygen on Mars and this makes it impossible for life toexist. If we are to go to Mars one day, we should have to take along our own oxygen, food, clothing and shelter.1.处应填_a_。2.处应填词的正确形式为development；处所在句为whether引导的主语从句。5puzzle n谜；难题；(游戏的)猜谜vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难(1)puzzle about/over冥思苦想；苦苦思索(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件让某人感到困惑的事情(3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的be puzzled about 对迷惑不解题点全练单句语法填空The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happened.Where the missing plane has gone still remains a puzzle to us.When the little girl was asked such a puzzling (puzzle) question, she stood there with a surprised look on her face.This morning, when I was walking on the street, I saw that two travelers were reading a map, looking puzzled (puzzle)名师指津过去分词形式的形容词，如puzzled, confused, frightened, excited, surprised等，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look, voice, smile, expression, face等。6exist vi.存在；生存(1)exist in存在于之中exist on 靠为生There exists . 某地有；存在(2)existence n. 存在；生存come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在(3)existing adj. 现存的；现行的多角练透单句语法填空No one knows when such a custom first came into existence (exist)More workers find it hard to exist on their money they are earning.There existed an obvious conflict between the accounts of the witnesses, so a judgment was not announced in court.单句写作在我们学校，自行车的存放是一个长久以来就存在的问题。The parking place for bikes was_an_existing_problem_for_a_long_time in our school.名师指津exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。7倍数表达法But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth and fell over.但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍远，因而我摔倒了。英语中常见的倍数表达法有：(1)Abe倍数asadj./adv.原级as B(2)Abe倍数adj./adv.比较级than B(3)Abe倍数the名词(size/weight .)of B(4)A倍数what从句My farm has expanded into a big one, which is three times as_big_as the previous one.My farm has expanded into a big one, which is three times bigger_than the previous one.My farm has expanded into a big one, which is three times the_size_of the previous one.我的农场已经扩展成了一个大农场，是原来的3倍大。The population now in this town is five_times_what_it_was ten years ago.现在这个城镇的人口是十年前的五倍。 名师指津在表示“两倍”时要用double或twice, 三倍或三倍以上用“基数词times”。倍数有时也可以用分数、百分数， half等来替换。8make itadj./n.for sb. to doThis produced a chain reaction, which made_it_possible_for_life_to_develop.这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。句型make itadj./n.for sb. to do，其中it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。(1)makeit形容词/名词that从句makeit形容词/名词to do不定式makeitno good/no use/no value .doing sth.(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think, consider, find, feel等。To make it easier to_get (get) in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.(2016北京高考)为了更便于联系我们，你最好将这张卡片放在身边。Susan_made_it_clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.苏珊清楚地跟我表明她希望为自己创造新的生活。I consider it_no_use_quarrelling with him about it.我认为就这件事情和他争吵是没有用的。 单元语基落实.单句语法填空1Her puzzled (puzzle) look on her face suggested she didnt understand what I said.2There were many fish floating (float) in the river because of the serious pollution.3Look at the pictures and take turns_to_tell (tell) the story.4As is known to us, the Republic of China came into existence (exist) as an independent country in 1949.5Not all people are aware of the various effects of global (globe) warming on Earth.6It is wrong to see violence (violent) as the only way to solve problems.7When I was young, I didnt know much about the harmful(harm) effects of smoking.8If you want to succeed in the years to_come_(come)，you must study hard from now on.9It is uncertain whether hell succeed in passing the driving test or not.10Sometimes he found it very hard to fall asleep at night, so he went to see the doctor.11According to our present (presence) ideas of physics, nothing can travel faster than light.12He laid (lay) them on the table, looked eagerly towards the window, then rose and went out.13If you feel too out of shape, begin your exercise program gently (gentle) and gradually.14Many millions (million) of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of water.15All the students in the class know when the Second World War broke out.根据提示词和相关要求补全句子1尽管这并不是像我们期盼的那样好的一本书，但是仍然值得读一读。(asadj.a/ann.as .)Though this is_not_as_good_a_book_as_we_expected,_it is still worth reading.2我们是否能够说服她和我们一起去郊游还不清楚。(it作形式主语)Its_not_clear_whether we are able to persuade her to go outing with us or not.3由于伤得严重，只好把他送往医院。(过去分词作状语)Seriously_injured,_he had to be taken to hospital.4无论他在哪里，晚饭后散散步成为他的习惯。(make itn. to do .)No matter where he is, he_makes_it_a_rule_to_go_for_a_walk after supper.5李明的手机看起来和张华的一样，但价格是他的两倍。(倍数表达法) Li Mings mobile phone looked just the same as Zhang Huas, but it cost_twice_as_much_as his.6如果你想得到更多的信息，请与他们及时联系。(in time)If you want much more information, get_in_touch_with_them_in_time.7观众看到运动员进场时欢声鼓舞。(cheer up)The_audience_cheered_up when they saw the athletes arrive.8我父母在一天天的变老，该是我开始照顾他们的时候了。(turn)My parents are getting older and older, so it_is_my_turn_to_start looking after them.句型转换/一句多译1The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.The newly broadened square is four_times_bigger_than the previous one.The newly broadened square is four_times_as_big_as the previous one.2Our neighbour has a house as big as we do in the country.Our neighbour has as_big_a_house_as we do in the country.3Since the weather is fine, lets go for a picnic.Now_that the weather is fine, lets go for a picnic.4We are too far from the earth now to feel its pull.We are so far from the earth that we cant feel its pull.5When it is seen from the hill, the village looks very beautiful.Seen_from_the_hill,_the village looks very beautiful.6众所周知，过量饮酒对你的身体有害。What is known to us is that drinking too much is_harmful_to_your_health.(harmful)What is known to us is that drinking too much does_harm_to_your_health.(harm)高考拆组训练练(一)语言运用组块专练练准度(限时：25分钟).完形填空It was an unforgettable weekend.I had a great time at the _1_.However, after I arrived home, I noticed my owl necklace was _2_.I was so anxious that I _3_ every room in the house, but my efforts were _4_ vain.Then I decided to head back to the beach.My husband thought I was _5_， as the huge beach was nine miles from our home.How could I _6_ one tiny necklace? What if it came off in the ocean? I was _7_ to even consider that as a possibility.I knew I had to try.After searching for several hours at the beach, I _8_ an elderly man with a metal detector (探测器) in his hand.I _9_ up to him and asked whether he had come across a necklace.He opened his hand and showed me his _10_ some coins.He said if he saw my necklace he would _11_ return it to me.I also wanted him to have enough _12_ to mail it so I gave him a $5 bill and told him my name and my address.Then I left.My husband _13_ me and said that he would buy me a new one.But I turned down his nice _14_， as that necklace couldnt be _15_.It was my dad who had found a special way to give me that _16_ necklace.There had been a yard sale in my community.Among the things that were put on _17_ he found the necklace.Unable to _18_ it, my dad offered to build a bookshelf for the owner as a(n) _19_.Unexpectedly, three days later, I received a package.Inside were a $5 bill and my owl necklace.The moment I saw the necklace, I couldnt help _20_.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者在沙滩上把自己的项链丢失了，然后又回到沙滩上找，没有找到，最后被一个老人找到并寄给作者的故事。1A.campusBbeachClibraryDmuseum解析：选B根据下文的“Then I decided to head back to the beach.”可知，这里应该指的是在沙滩上。2A.brokenBstolenClostDdisappearing解析：选C根据下文作者后来又去沙滩上找项链可知，此处应指项链丢失了，lost“丢失的”，符合文意。3A.searchedBcleanedCoccupiedDmeasured解析：选A根据上下文可知，项链丢失了，此处应该是在家里找。search表示“寻找”，符合语境。4A.forBwithCinDat解析：选C根据下文的“Then I decided to head back to the beach.”可知，在家里没有找到。in vain表示“徒劳，白费功夫”，符合语境。5A.curiousBanxiousCcarelessDcrazy解析：选D根据下文的“as the huge beach was nine miles from our home”可知，沙滩很大并且离家那么远，故在作者决定去沙滩寻找项链时，丈夫认为作者发疯了。6A.find outBlocateCdescribeDobserve解析：选B此处表示在一个沙滩上找一个微小的东西。locate表示“确定的位置，定位”，符合语境，故选B项。7A.unableBeagerCpreparedDunwilling解析：选D前一句说项链有可能掉进了海里，这样的话，项链就不能找到了，作者显然是不愿意这种情况发生的，所以选D项。8A.rescuedBnoticedCadmi