2020版高考英语一轮复习Unit1Talesoftheunexplained讲义牛津译林版.docx

Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1creature n动物；(具备某种特征的)人2flash n&vi. 闪光，闪耀3detective n. 侦探4ancestor n. 祖先，祖宗5enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热烈的；满腔热忱的6appropriate adj. 适当的7blank n. (文件等)空白处，空格adj. 空白的；无表情的8tournament n. 联赛，锦标赛9mystery n. 神秘的事或人.重点单词写其形1due adj. 由于，因为；预期的；适当的2disappear vi. 消失；失踪3witness n. 目击者，证人vt. 目击，见证4assume vt. 假定；认为5occur vi.纵联1 发生6aboard adv.& prep. 在(轮船、飞机、火车等)上； 上(轮船、飞机、火车等)7case n. 案件；具体情况，实例8evidence n. 证据9dismiss vt.纵联2 不予考虑；解雇；解散10base n. 基地，大本营；底部；基础vt. 以为基础 11humour n. 幽默12discount n. 折扣13award n. 奖，奖品，奖金vt. 授予，奖励14._attack vt.& vi.& n. 攻击；进攻15reserve n.vt.纵联3 (动植物)保护区；储备预订；保留；储备16belong vi. 应在(某处)；适应17link vt.& n. 联系，关联18incident n纵联4 发生的事情(尤指不寻常的或讨厌的).拓展单词通其变1construction n施工；建筑物construct vt.建造2amazing adj.令人惊奇(惊叹)的amazed adj.吃惊的，感到惊奇的amaze vt.使惊异/惊奇amazement n惊异，惊奇3puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的puzzle vt.使困惑；使为难puzzling adj.令人困惑的4possibility n可能性possible adj.可能的possibly adv.可能地5injury n伤害injure v伤害injured adj.受伤的6exist vi.存在existence n存在7organize vt.组织，筹备；安排，处理organization n组织；安排organizer n组织者8strength n力量，力气strengthen vt.加强，巩固strong adj.强壮的，有力的9convince vt.使确信，使相信convincing adj.令人信服的convinced adj.确信的，感到信服的10survive vi.& vt.生存；挺过(难关)survival n幸存，生存survivor n幸存者纵联1.“发生”变化多occur发生，想起 happen偶然发生take place发生，举行 come about(已经)发生break out发生，爆发纵联2.一词“丢饭碗”fire开除，解雇 dismiss解雇；解散discharge解雇，免除 remove开除，去除纵联3.学会“保留/存”remain保留 reserve保留preserve保存 conserve保存纵联4.“事”多扰人！incident事件 matter事件，问题business生意，事情 affair事务，私事issue问题，事情 event事件，大事sports event体育赛事单元话题难解之谜子话题1自然奥秘awesome adj.使人敬畏的；令人畏惧的suck v吮吸 flee v逃避；逃跑；逃离powerful adj.强有力的 spirit n精神tail n尾巴 wild adj.野生的fur n毛皮 thick adj.浓密的track n踪迹，足迹 phenomenon n现象，事件incredible adj.不可思议的 existence n存在reflect v反映；反射子话题2科学探索explore vt. 探测；探险；考察；探究discovery v. 发现；发觉technology n. 技术；工艺rewarding adj. 有益的，值得的；有报酬的material n材料，原料 adj.物质的form v. 形成，构成origin n. 起源unbelievable adj. 难以置信的concept n. 观念，概念；观点；思想，设想emerge vi. 出现，浮现学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1(2015湖北高考阅读A)Three weeks ago, I witnessed a small neardisaster a few miles west of here.While walking, I noticed a pony roll over on his back. “Hello！” I said to him, assuming he was just rolling for fun, but he was very still and, as I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily. I began to properly worry about him.Fortunately, I managed to get in touch with a Dartmoors Livestock Protection officer and send her a photo.The officer immediately sent a local farmer out to check on the pony.The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks.The farmer freed him, and he began to run happily around again.加黑词在此处意为：目击；用作可数名词时，意思是：目击者assuming在此引导条件状语从句，意为：假如，如果，其后省略了that。类似用法和意思的还有：supposing, suppose, providing, provided, given等。加黑词的形容词形式是：proper，在本单元的近义词是：appropriate2(2013广东高考阅读A)The next day Tom appeared as the powerful Superman, showing off through the hospital halls and coolly waving his hand to the people greeting him along the way.And Tom, with the _ (strong) of his fantasy, successfully made it through the operation.The power of imagination need not be reserved for children only. We all have the power to use our fantasies to attempt things we never thought possible， to go through those things that seem impossible, and to achieve what we never believed we could.加黑词在本单元的反义词是：disappear；加黑词的名词形式是：appearance用所给词的适当形式填空：strength加黑词在此处意为：保留，预订；它作名词时的意思是：(动植物)保护区；储备写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：possibility高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1(2016江苏高考书面表达)第三，在很多情况下，组织者可能会利用选民，甚至竞争对手来谋取商业利益。(case, organizer)Thirdly,_the_voters_or_even_the_competitors_in_many_cases_will_be_possibly_taken_advantage_of_by_the_organizers_for_commercial_interests.2(2018全国卷书面表达)其次，根据中国的传统文化，带一些礼物被认为是合适的。(assume, appropriate, base)Secondly,_bringing_some_gifts_is_assumed_to_be_appropriate_based_on_Chinese_traditional_culture. (二)课堂重点释疑1puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的记牢(1)be puzzled about 对感到困惑be puzzled疑问词to do 对做感到困惑(2)puzzle vt. 使困惑/迷惑 n. 难题；谜puzzle about/over sth. 冥思苦想be a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说是个谜(3)puzzling adj. 使人困惑的，令人不解的练通用puzzle的适当形式完成小片段Ella was reading a poem with a puzzled expression on her face. Its deeper meaning remained a puzzle to her. When I asked what she thought of the poem, she said it was indeed puzzling.完成句子People have_long_puzzled_over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.人们一直对埃及人如何移动如此巨大的岩石感到困惑。Elizabeth raised some questions to express_her_puzzle_about_grammar.伊丽莎白提出了一些问题表达了自己对语法的困惑。Some people are_puzzled_about the fact that he is still single.一些人对他仍然单身感到困惑。用准puzzled, confused, frightened, excited, surprised等状态类过去分词就是形容词，用来修饰说明人时，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look, voice, smile, expression, face等。写美(2018北京高考书面表达)然而，让我困惑的是你为什么要选择来北京接受大学教育。难道你的家乡伦敦不好吗？However,_what_still_makes_me_puzzled_is_why_you_choose_Beijing_for_your_university_education.Isnt_your_hometown_London_good?2witness nC目击者，证人 vt.目击，见证记牢(1)a witness to sth.某事的证人/证明give witness to sth. 为作证；证明(2) witness to (doing) sth. 证明(做)某事witness for 为作证练通单句语法填空What the police did first was to interview all the witnesses (witness) to the knife attack.His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.Luckily, several people volunteer to witness for my father.Mary witnessed to having_seen (see)the man near the scene of the crime.单句改错Many of his former friends gave witness for his innocence.forto用准see, witness, find等一些动词，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事。这是一种拟人修辞法。写美(2018全国卷书面表达)过去的十年，已经见证了校长们付出的努力以及在发展体育事业方面取得的成就。The_past_ten_years_has_witnessed_the_efforts_of_our_headmasters_and_their_achievements_of_developing_sports_business.3assume vt.假定；认为记牢(1)assume sb./sth.to be假定/假设某人/某事为It is assumed that . 人们认为(2)assumption n. 假定；假设make an assumption 认为；假定on the assumption that . 假定；在假定的情况下(3)assuming (that) . 假设/假定练通单句语法填空I dont think theres enough information to make an assumption (assume)We just dont know what happened to her.We must assume him to_be (be) innocent until he is proved guilty.It is assumed that women are normally more sensitive than men.单句改错We are working with the assumption that everyone invited will turn up.withonAssumed that we cant get the necessary equipment, we will have to give up the experiment.AssumedAssuming写美(2017全国卷书面表达)假如你对它感兴趣，请把邮件发至123456.。Assuming you are interested in it, please send the email to 123456.联想表示“假设，如果”的表达法有：if4occur vi.发生；想到；出现记牢sth. occur(s) to sb.某人突然想起某事It occurs to sb. that . 某人突然想起It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想到要做某事练通完成句子Suddenly a_good_idea_occurred_to_her,_but she didnt know how to speak it out.她突然想到了一个好主意，但是她不知道如何说出来。It never occurred_to_me_that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.我从没有想到你能成功地说服他改变主意。It never occurred_to_her_to_ask anyone for help when she was in trouble.当她遇到困难时从未想过求助别人。用准“(某人)突然想到(起)”可以表达为：It hits/hit sb.that .It occurs/occurred to sb.that .It strikes/struck sb.that .写美(2018全国卷书面表达)此外，我突然想起我应该告诉你，你需避免因咀嚼而发出声音。Besides,_it_occurred_to_me_that_I_should_tell_you_that_you_need_to_avoid_making_noise_while_chewing_food.5exist vi.存在；生存记牢(1)exist in存在于exist on 靠生存There exist(s) . 有(2)existence n. 存在come into existence 成立；开始存在练通单句语法填空No one knows when such a custom first came into existence (exist)Some strange ideas existed in his mind.单句改错The man existed in bread and water for over five months.inonThere is existing a good way to solve the existing problem at present.is_existingexists用准exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。写美(2014北京高考书面表达)在我们学校，自行车的存放有一个问题。There_existed_a_problem_with_the_parking_place_for_bikes_in_our_school.6award n奖，奖品，奖金 vt.授予，奖励记牢(1)award sb. for sth.因为某事而奖励某人award sb. sth.award sth. to sb. 给予/授予/判给某人某物be awarded . for . 因而被奖励(2)win awards/receive ones awards获奖/接受颁奖练通完成句子/一句多译在她的职业生涯中，玛丽赢得了许多奖项。In her career, Mary won_many_awards.那位老科学家因对国家的贡献而被奖励。The old scientist was_awarded_for_his_contributions to his country.因为做好事，主席给她颁发了金牌。The chairman awarded_her_the_gold_medal for her good deeds.The chairman awarded_the_gold_medal_to_her for her good deeds.写美(2018天津高考书面表达)了解到你在机器人竞赛中赢得了很多奖项，而且你是训练机器人踢足球的专家，我相信你的参与会让我们受益良多。Learning_that_you_have_won_many_awards_in_robotics_competition_and_youre_an_expert_in_training_robots_to_play_football,_I_believe_your_participation_will_benefit_us_a_lot.7strength nU力量，力气；C长处，优势记牢(1)strengths and weaknesses优势和劣势build up ones strength 增强体质have the strength to do sth. 有做某事的力气with all ones strength 竭尽全力(2)strengthen v. 加强；增强；巩固练通单句语法填空(2018全国卷)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to strengthen (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.Every morning Im working out to build up my strength (strong)完成句子The patient was too weak to_have_the_strength_to_stand_up (有站起来的力量)To beat the other teams, you have to know their strengths_and_weaknesses (优势和劣势)写美(2018全国卷书面表达)至于我，我非常迷恋篮球，因为它一直给我力量面对生活中的挑战。As_for_me,_Im_crazy_about_basketball_since_it_has_been_giving_me_strength_to_confront_the_challenge_in_my_life.8convince vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说记牢(1)convince sb. of sth.使某人相信某事convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事convince sb. that . 使某人相信(2)convinced adj. 确信的，深信的be convinced of . 确信；相信be convinced that . 确信(3)convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的练通单句语法填空Convinced (convince) of the accuracy of the data, they stuck to their opinion.You need to convince the interviewers of your ability to do the job well.It took me many hours to convince the poor boy to_go (go) to school again.The picture convinces me that it is even more important to be a good daughter than a good student.单句改错Im afraid that I cant accept your argument, for you havent offered enough convinced evidence.convincedconvincing写美(2018全国卷书面表达)我代表我们学生会希望你们都能来，而且我确信你们通过这部影片将会更好地了解学校的历史。I,_on_behalf_of_the_Students_Union,_expect_all_of_you_to_come_and_I_am_convinced_that_you_will_know_the_schools_history_better_by_the_film.9survive vi.生存；幸免；幸存；生还 vt.比活得长；幸免于；挺过(难关)记牢(1)survive sth. 幸免于；从中挺/活过来survive from 从存活下来；流传下来A survive B (by .) A比B活得长(几年)(2)survivor n. 幸存者survival n. U幸存；C残存物练通单句语法填空People who survived from earthquake will remember their terrible experiences forever.Survivors (survive) of the accident were rushed to the nearest hospital in no time.(2017江苏高考)Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival (survive)翻译句子据说这位女士比她的丈夫多活了10年。Its_said_that_the_woman_survived_her_husband_by_10_years.大多数人没有幸免于此， 是我的队友救了我。Most_people_didnt_survive_this_and_it_is_my_teammate_who_saved_my_life.写美(2017全国卷书面表达)剪纸的传统，特别是在春节期间，在中国已经流传了数千年。The_tradition_of_papercutting,_especially_during_Spring_Festival,_has_survived_in_China_for_thousands_of_years.词汇过关综合训练.单词拼写1She won an award (奖，奖品) for her outstanding performance.2I can not get the book I want but can I reserve (预订) it?3I just assumed (认为) that the woman standing next to Jack was his wife, but later I knew I made a mistake.4Just dismiss (不予考虑) those thoughts from your mind theyre crazy and not worth thinking about.5Organize (组织) all the information you have gathered according to your outline.6If headaches only occur (发生) at night, lack of fresh air and oxygen is often the cause.7Someone pressed a switch and all the lights on the Christmas tree flashed (闪耀) on together.8Its fortunate that all of the family survived (幸存) the terrible earthquake.9You have misunderstood Mark he is not laughing at you; it is American humour (幽默)10Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed (目击) the accident to contact them.单句语法填空1Not once did it occur to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.2Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has_witnessed (witness) a sharp increase in immigration in recent years.3Davids strength (strong) is that he wont give up whatever difficulty he meets with.4The bridge designed by the famous architect is under construction (construct) now.5The driver of the truck suffered only minor injuries (injure) to his legs and arms.6The forecast said that theres a possibility (possible) of snow tonight.7Einsteins colleagues convinced him to_write (write) to President Franklin about building a nuclear weapon.8Let us assume the theory to_be (be) true.9The value and impact of motivation goes beyond our social circle and existence (exist)10The teacher awarded Tom for his good behavior.单句改错1Assumed that you are right, well make a great deal of money from the project.AssumedAssuming2She had a puzzling look on her face when she couldnt work out the maths problem. puzzlingpuzzled3The exercises are designed to strength your stomach muscles.strengthstrengthen4That occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child.第一个ThatIt5There is convinced evidence that smoking causes lung cancer.convincedconvincing6He died in 1940, but his wife survived him for another 20 years.forby7The woman awarded 100 with the boy for saving her son.withto8The huge attendance figures for the exhibition witness on a healthy interest in modern art.onto.同义句改写/句式升级1Jane is one of the witnesses to the traffic accident.Jane is one of the people who witness the traffic accident.2We finally convinced that we were honest and they decided to cooperate with us.We finally convinced them of our honesty and they decided to cooperate with us.3It hit me that I had met him somewhere.It occurred to me that I had met him somewhere.4People assume that stress is caused by too much work.(用it作形式主语改写)It_is_assumed_that_stress_is_caused_by_too_much_work.5He was awarded the first prize and felt very proud.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)Awarded_the_first_prize,_he_felt_very_proud. (一)课前自主学习1step_up加紧，加强，促进2due_to串记1 由于，因为3show_up 出现， 现身4take_charge_of 负责，掌管5make_up 编造，杜撰；构成；弥补6look_into 调查；朝里看7dozens_of串记2 许多，很多8belong_to 属于，是的成员9make_ones_way_to 前往，到去 10carry_out 实施；完成；执行11run_into串记3 偶遇，无意中碰见12leave_out串记4 遗漏；省去；不考虑13believe_in 信任14be_based_on 以为基础15pick_up 拾起；(偶然)学会；接收；用车接16so_far 迄今为止17in_return 作为回报，作为报答同根短语串记串记1.“因为/ 由于”借口多due tothanks toowing to as a result of .because of on account ofin consequence of . as a consequence of .串记2.“许多，大量”站站队dozens of plenty oflots/amounts/quantities of a large/huge number ofa great deal of an enormous amount of串记3.狂背有run短语run across偶然碰见 run into偶然遇见；撞上run after追赶；追求 run out被用完，用光run out of用完，用尽 run for竞选串记4.leave短语集锦leave behind遗留，留下 leave out省去；遗漏leave for .动身到 leave . alone不管leave over留下；剩下1receive great interest 引起了极大的兴趣2put on his favourite CD 放他最喜欢的CD3a flash of light 一道闪光4work on his road construction 忙于道路建设5take charge of the case 负责此案6no strong evidence for its existence 没有它存在的有力证据7be linked to a common ancestor 与一个共同的祖先有关1Witnesses also say they saw_Justin_walking towards his house at 10.45 pm. 目击者也说，当晚10点45分他们看到贾斯廷往自己家的方向走去。2Standing_inside_were_lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.(飞船)里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪生物。3Though he has never met any aliens, he believes they do_exist. 虽然他从没见过外星人，但他相信他们确实存在。4The_Yeti_is_said_to_be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being. 据说，野人体格高大多毛，像人类一样用双脚行走。学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词块和句式1(2018全国卷阅读B)Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of (due_to) their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein)(用本单元短语替换加黑短语)2(2018全国卷语法填空)Im not sure who is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears (shows_up) out of nowhere.(用本单元短语升级加黑词汇)3(2011天津高考阅读A)Dinners usually consist of (are_made_up_of) meat or fish with vegetables followed by dessert, fruit and coffee.(用本单元短语替换加黑短语)4(2015重庆高考阅读C)The late musician Dennis Brain is said to have asked a fellow train passenger to turn off his radio.(用“It is said that”升级该句子)It_is_said_that_the_late_musician_Dennis_Brain_has_asked_a_fellow_train_passenger_to_turn_off_his_radio.高考采撷(二)写作中的短语和句式(根据提示翻译句子)1(2018北京高考书面表达)一旦你确定了来北京的时间，一定要让我们提前知道。(强调谓语动词)Once_you_fix_on_when_to_come_to_Beijing,_do_let_us_know_ahead_of_time.2(2017全国卷书面表达)据说一些世界著名的队员将被邀请来给(我们)上课。(be said to do .)Some_famous_players_from_the_world_are_said_to_be_invited_to_give_lessons.3(2016北京高考书面表达)许多老人和孩子正站在街道两旁。(完全倒装)Standing_on_both_sides_of_the_street_are_many_old_people_and_children.(二)课堂重点释疑 短语集释1show up 出现，现身；露面记牢show sb. around/round领某人参观show sb. in/out 领某人进来/出去show off 炫耀，卖弄on show 展览，陈列练通完成句子Sometimes very old things show_up in ordinary places.有时候，非常古老的东西会出现在平常的地方。The boss is_showing_us_around/round his factory.老板正领着我们参观他的工厂。Taking photos of food enables