2020版高考英语一轮复习Unit3Backtothepast讲义牛津译林版.docx

Unit 3 Back to the past(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1civilization n文明2volcano n. 火山3erupt vi.纵联1 (火山等)爆发4commercial adj. 商业的，贸易的5sandstorm n纵联2 沙尘暴，风沙6institute n. (教育或其他专业)机构，研究所7corrupt vt. 使腐化，使堕落adj. 贪污的，腐败的8lecture n. 讲座9sailor n. 水手，海员10historical adj. 历史的；与历史研究相关的11solution n. 解决办法，解答12philosophy n. 哲学13researcher n. 研究者，调查者14scholar n. 学者.重点单词写其形1found vt. 兴建，创建2flee vt.& vi. 逃避，逃跑；迅速离开3truetolife adj. 逼真的4disaster n. 灾难5destroy vt. 毁坏，摧毁6cultural adj. 文化的7ruin n.vt.纵联3 废墟；毁坏破坏，毁灭8pour vi.& vt. 涌流，倾泻；倒出(液体)9document n. 文献，文件10nearby adv.& adj. 在附近(的)11extreme adj. 极度的；极端的12complain vi. 抱怨13audience n. 观众，听众14ceremony n. 仪式，典礼15poison n. 毒药，毒物vt. 毒害，下毒16declare vt. 宣布，宣称17march vi.&n.纵联4前进，进发；游行 18ahead adv. (时间、空间)在前面；提前，预先；领先19judge v. 判断；审判n. 法官，审判员；裁判员20material n. 材料，物质adj. 物质的.拓展单词通其变1unfortunate adj.不幸的，遗憾的unfortunately_adv.不幸地，倒霉地；令人遗憾地fortunate adj.幸运的fortunately adv.幸运地2decorate vt.装饰，装潢decoration n装饰，装饰品3wealthy adj.富有的，富裕的wealth n财富，财产4gradually adv.渐渐地，逐渐地gradual adj.渐渐的，逐渐的5remains n遗物，遗迹，遗骸remain v遗留，剩余；继续存在remaining adj.剩余的6explode vi.爆炸explosion n爆炸，爆发7expression n表达；表情，神色express vt.表达，表示8powerful adj.强有力的power n动力，权力9memorial n纪念馆，纪念碑adj.纪念的memory n记忆(力)；回忆memorize vt.记忆；背诵10educate vt.教育education n教育，培养educator n教育者，教育家11aware adj.意识到的，知道的；察觉到的awareness n认识，意识12basis n基础；基准；原因basic adj.基础的base n基地；根基；基础v.以为基础纵联1.词根“rupt”“破”法多erupt火山“爆发”向外破interrupt“打搅”是在中间破corrupt“腐败”是共同破 abrupt“唐突”把气氛打破bankrupt银行打破是“破产”纵联2.“n.n.”合成词一览steamboat汽船 armchair扶手椅sandstorm沙尘暴 teamwork协作airfield(军用)机场 纵联3.与众不同的“复数形式”名词ruins废墟 pains操劳ashes灰烬 sufferings苦难fires火灾 floods洪灾，涝灾纵联4.“走”遍天下wander vi.漫步；闲逛 pace v踱步；缓慢而行crawl v爬行；匍匐行进 march v行军，进军rush v冲；奔；闯 walk v散步；步行单元话题消失的文明子话题1自然环境保护environmentallyfriendly adj.环保的replace/substitute vt. 取代recycle vt. 回收；再循环limited natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy 可替代能源live a lowcarbon life 过低碳生活raise ones environmental awareness 提高某人的环保意识take action/steps/measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事子话题2文化遗产保护heritage n遗产 symbol n象征cultural exchange文化交流 cultural relics文物local culture本土文化 mass culture大众文化traditional culture 传统文化traditional values 传统价值观spiritual civilization 精神文明humane historical sites 人文历史遗址local customs and practices 风土人情national identity and value 民族认同和价值观学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1(2015全国卷阅读七选五)Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, _ (gradually) increases in the length of the runs .With each day, increase the distance by a half mile.After two weeks, start timing yourself. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time. Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.用所给词的适当形式填空：gradual写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：found写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：remains；加黑词意为“剩余的”，用作前置定语。2(2012大纲全国卷阅读B)You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it.You do not need to be strong.But you need to be quick.And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.First, you must ask yourself, “Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side？” You must think about this all the time on the boat.The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：sailor加黑词的形容词是：real，其在本单元的近义词是：truetolife写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：basis选择加黑词在句中的意思：_B_A向前 B在前面C预先高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1(2018全国卷书面表达)幸运的是，我们学校成立了一个排球队和一个篮球队。我们都意识到体育锻炼的重要性。(fortunate, found, aware)Fortunately,_our_school_founded_a_volleyball_team_and_a_basketball_team._We_are_all_aware_of_the_importance_of_physical_training. 2(2018全国卷书面表达)播放结束后，预期所有观众都要对这部短片发表意见和看法，我们将见证我们学校的辉煌，我们正在一起成长。(audience, glory)After_the_film,_all_the_audiences_are_expected_to_make_comments_and_express_their_views_about_the_film.We_will_witness_the_glory_of_our_school,_and_we_are_growing_together.(二)课堂重点释疑1pour vi.涌流，倾泻vt.倒出(液体)记牢pour into/in涌入/涌进pour .into 把倒入；大量投资于pour down (雨)倾盆而下pour out 斟，倒(饮料)；倾吐，倾诉练通完成句子The mist. The damp air. The noise. It feels like a mighty storm is_pouring_down.薄雾，潮湿的空气，噪音，感觉就像一场狂风暴雨正倾泻而下。Large quantities of waste water were_poured_into_rivers without being cleaned in the past.在过去，大量废水未经净化就被倒入河流。You do the honors and_pour_out_the_tea while I bring in the cakes. 你来倒茶招待客人，我去拿糕点。写美(2018全国卷书面表达)每个人都可以倾诉心声，表达他们对学校变化的看法。Everyone_can_pour_out_their_hearts_and_express_their_opinions_about_our_schools_changes.2flee vt.& vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开记牢flee to .逃到某地flee from .(escape from) 从逃离练通完成句子When the war broke out, he fled_to Yunnan of China with his wife.战争爆发后，他携妻子逃到了中国云南。The people got into a panic and fled_from_the_fire.人们惊恐万分地逃离了火灾现场。写美(2016四川高考书面表达)我喜欢去河里游泳以逃离夏天的酷热。I_like_to_swim_in_the_river_to_flee_from_the_extreme_heat_in_summer.3ruin nC(pl.)废墟，遗迹；U毁坏，毁灭，崩溃 vt.破坏；毁灭；使破产记牢(1)lie/be in ruins成为废墟fall into ruin 毁灭；毁坏bring . to ruin 使毁灭；使没落；使破产(2)ruin sth./sb. 毁坏某物/某人ruin ones health/fame/future 毁掉某人的健康/名誉/前途练通单句语法填空When the rescuers reached the ruins (ruin) of a young womans house, they saw her dead body through the cracks.A large number of churches fell into ruin after the big flood. 单句改错You will bring yourself to ruins if you dont take your study seriously.ruinsruin完成句子The whole city lay_in_ruins after the earthquake, which made us lying awake all night. 地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这使我们彻夜未眠。Drunk driving not only ruined_himself but also killed several passersby.酒后驾驶不仅毁掉了他自己还导致几名过路人死亡。写美(2017江苏高考书面表达)一些不好的因素正在破坏着电影产业的未来，因此电影产业应该做出更大努力来吸引更多的观众。Some_bad_factors_are_ruining_the_future_of_film_industry,_so_great_efforts_should_be_made_to_attract_more_audience._4remains n遗物，遗迹，遗骸；剩余物记牢(1)the remains of . 的遗迹(2)remain(3)remaining adj. 剩余的练通单句语法填空It remains to_be_seen (see) whether the news that a new library will be built in our school is true.The guests came in, but she remained seated (seat) at the desk reading.He bought a new pen with the remaining (remain) money.The poor man ate the remains (remain) of the dishes hungrily.完成句子But that moment I met her will remain_in_my_mind_and_my_heart_forever.但我遇见她的那一刻，将永远留在我的脑海和我的心中。用准当表示“剩余的，剩下的”意思时，常把remaining放在被修饰词之前作前置定语，而left常放在被修饰词之后作后置定语。写美(2018全国卷书面表达)在观看短片时，你们所有人都必须保持安静。When_watching_the_movie,_all_of_you_are_required_to_remain_quiet.5complain vi.抱怨记牢(1)complain that .抱怨complain (to sb.) about/of sth. (向某人)抱怨某事(2)complaint n. 抱怨；投诉make a complaint against/about . 对投诉练通完成句子Those who are going through the unpleasant time often complain_about how hard their lives are.那些过得不开心的人经常抱怨他们的生活有多么艰难。Many people complain_that their jobs are uninteresting and stressful.许多人抱怨他们的工作既无趣又有压力。Id like to make_a_complaint_about the noise upstairs.我要就楼上的噪音问题提出投诉。写美(2015江苏高考书面表达)我们应该严格自愿地遵守交通规则，在红灯时停车，而不是抱怨交通堵塞。We_should_strictly_and_voluntarily_follow_traffic_rules,_stopping_at_the_red_light_rather_than_complaining_about_traffic_jams.6declare vt.宣布，宣称；宣告；声明记牢declare sb./sth. to be宣布某人或某事是declare for/against 表示赞成/反对declare war (on/against) (向)宣战declare that 宣布练通用适当的介词填空When they asked him for his opinion, he declared strongly against the policy, which made them unhappy.It was the year when Britain declared war on Germany.句型转换Our school declared that the girl was head of our department.Our school declared_the girl to be head of our department.写美(2018北京高考书面表达)我知道你对中国文化感兴趣，所以我宣布北京大学是你最好的选择。I_know_youre_interested_in_Chinese_culture,_so_I_declare_Peking_University_to_be_your_best_choice.7ahead adv.(时间、空间)在前面；提前，预先；领先记牢ahead of在前面ahead of time/schedule 提前go ahead 进行吧，干吧练通完成句子I thought wed be late for the concert, but we ended up getting there ahead_of_time.我认为我们音乐会会迟到，但我们最终提前到达了那里。I probably shouldnt have any more cake. Oh, go_ahead. It wont kill you.我可能不应该再吃蛋糕了。哦，吃点吧。对你没有害处的。写美(2018天津高考书面表达)我会提前发送一份详细的培训计划到你的邮箱，以便你能给出一些建设性的建议。I_will_send_a_detailed_training_schedule_to_your_mailbox_ahead_of_time_so_that_you_can_give_some_constructive_suggestions.8aware adj.意识到的，知道的；察觉到的记牢(1)be aware that .知道，体会到be/become aware of 知道/意识到make sb. aware of/that . 使某人意识到as far as Im aware . 据我所知(2)awareness n. 认识，意识raise ones awareness about/of提高某人对的认识练通单句语法填空This should serve as a warning that people should be aware of their surroundings, especially when crossing roads.If your awareness (aware) is as sharp as it could be, youll have no trouble answering these questions.完成句子We should take measures to raise_peoples_awareness_of_this_problem.我们应采取措施来提高人们对这个问题的认识。As_far_as_Im_aware，we are supposed to earn money by working hard and we shouldnt be too greedy for wealth.据我所知，我们应该通过辛勤劳动赚钱，而且我们不应该对财富太贪婪。That accident made_him_aware_of the serious result of drinking and driving.那次事故使他意识到酒后驾驶的严重后果。写美(2015江苏高考书面表达)一些驾驶员、骑自行车的人和行人缺乏遵守交通规则的意识，因为他们似乎意识不到哪些应该做、哪些不应该做。Some_drivers,_cyclists_and_pedestrians_lack_the_awareness_of_obeying_the_traffic_rules_for_the_reason_that_they_seem_unaware_of_the_dos_and_donts_on_the_road.9judge n法官；审判员；裁判员vt.判断；审判；裁判记牢(1)judge .from/by .从来判断as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为(2)judging by/from 从上看；根据判断(3)judgement n. 判断力；评价练通单句语法填空All under 30 years old, the candidates were examined by a group of judges (judge) in their fields.Judging (judge) from the book I have read, I think he is a very promising writer.Wearing proper clothes is important too, for locals will judge you by what you wear.The accident was caused by an error of judgement (judge) on the part of the pilot.完成句子Judging_by/from_the_smell,_the food must be delicious.根据香味来判断，这种食物一定很美味。As_far_as_I_can_judge,_he can realize his dream of going to university.依我看来，他能实现上大学的梦想。用准judging from/by用在句首，作为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语而不采用过去分词的形式。写美(2018江苏高考书面表达)我们都知道，大部分的消费排名都是基于其他人对有关产品或服务的判断。As_we_all_know,_most_of_the_ratings_are_based_on_others_judgement_on_the_product_or_service_concerned.词汇过关综合训练.单词拼写1With building materials (材料) rising, the price of the housing is getting more and more expensive nowadays.2Honestly speaking, it was my teachers influence that made me finally take up my present career as a biology researcher (研究者)3Huge areas of rainforest are being destroyed (毁坏) every year by multinational companies seeking quick profits.4The flower managers have decorated (装饰) the church beautifully for the ceremony.5Mexicans celebrate September 16, the day when Mexico declared (宣布) independence from Spain.6Without saying a word, Anna took hold of my arm and marched (前进) me off to the headmasters office.7The sweat was pouring (倾泻) down her face by the end of the race.8We are working under extreme (极度的) pressure at the moment.9Opening the door, I saw the remains (剩余物) of a halfeaten meal were still on the table.10Those corrupt (腐败的) officials fattened themselves by drinking the peoples lifeblood.单句语法填空1If you wish to make a complaint (complain) about that, you should see the manager.2The sky was darkened by the heavy smoke pouring (pour) from the factory.3Doctors say anger can be an extremely (extreme) harmful emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it.4An accident happened on the way home last night, but the driver fled from the site.5We can learn a lot about how humans adapt to dramatic climate change from these remains (remain)6Talking to a network guidance counselor ahead of time can also be helpful.7As a world cultural (culture) relic, the Great Wall needs protection from both Chinese people and foreign tourists, a company manager said.8As more and more African importers look to China as a source of goods, there is a growing awareness (aware) that buyers need to know how to access good quality items.9I went to a workshop and gradually (gradual) got good at making things with clay (黏土)10In 1966, President Lyndon Johnson declared the third Sunday of June as Fathers Day.单句改错1Many refugees have been forced to flee to their homeland.去掉第二个to或第二个tofrom2Although judging to be the best in a recent science competition, the student remains modest.judgingjudged3Unfortunate, he was not Toms friend, but a complete stranger. UnfortunateUnfortunately4Everyone should be aware with the real situation of water shortage.withof5I think there is one problem remains to be solved.remainsremaining6After the earthquake I saw the whole town in ruin, but now everything has changed.ruinruins7Public schools are mainly found by governments through tax income.foundfounded.完成句子1The Peoples Republic of China was_founded in 1949.中华人民共和国成立于1949年。2People pour_into big department stores when they have sales.大百货商店大减价的时候人们蜂拥而至。3The church built hundreds of years ago has_fallen_into_ruin.建于几百年前的那座教堂已破败不堪。4The cultural scholar has_studied_the_remains for five years.这位文化学者研究这里的遗迹已经5年了。5They made_a_complaint_of injustice in the way they had been treated.他们抱怨受到不公平的对待。6We declare_that these decisions shall not be carried into practice.我们宣布这些决议将不执行。7Judging_from/by_what_he_said,_he was very disappointed.从他说的话来看，他非常失望。8Smokers are_well_aware_of the dangers of smoking to their own health.吸烟的人都非常清楚吸烟对自身健康的危害。(一)课前自主学习1take_over串记1夺取；接管2in_memory_of 纪念3no_doubt串记2 无疑，确实4rise_up_against 起义，反抗5stand_in_ones_path 阻碍(某人)6come_down_with 患(病)7be_buried_alive 被活埋8turn_out 结果是，证明是9break_down 毁掉；身体垮掉；抛锚10together_with 与一起11pour_out 涌出12focus_on 集中(精力)于13carry_out 实施；执行14on_board串记3 在船上(飞机上或火车上)15have_enough_of串记4 对感到厌烦16become_aware_of 意识到，知道同根短语串记串记1.聚焦take短语take up 拿起；接受；开始从事；继续；占(时间、地方)take in 接纳；吸收；包括；理解；欺骗take off 脱下(衣帽等)；起飞take on 雇用；呈现(面貌)；具有(特征)take over 接管；接任；接替take back 收回；接回；退回take down 写下；记下；拆下；拆掉串记2.“non.”短语小结no doubt 无疑，确实no wonder 难怪no way 没门，不行no hurry 不急，勿慌no problem 没问题no surprise 毫无意外串记3.“onn.”短语集锦on board 在船上(飞机上或火车上)on fire 着火on trial 在试用on strike 在罢工on business 出差on display/show 在展出on sale 出售串记4.“讨厌”就要说出来have enough of 对感到厌烦be tired of 厌烦于be bored with 厌烦于be fed up with 厌烦于1lost civilizations遗失的文明2attend a lecture about Pompeii 听了一场有关庞贝的讲座3cause much damage 造成了很大的破坏4step in_the mud 在泥泞中行走5fail to flee the city 没能逃离城市6a stopping point on the famous Silk Road 丝绸之路上的停靠点7the remains of buildings 建筑遗迹8take the time to answer all our questions不慌不忙地回答我们所有的问题1Near_the_city_was a volcano. 离该城不远处有一座火山。2It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving_empty_spaces_in_the_ash.原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。3The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that resulted in the_city_being_buried_by_sand what a pity! 这片沙漠曾是一块长着参天大树的绿洲，但是大树被砍倒了，这导致了这座城市被风沙覆盖多么遗憾啊！4In less than 9 minutes, the ship sank with_1,177_men_on_board. 在不到9分钟的时间里，船连同船上的1 177人都沉了下去。学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词块和句式1(2017全国卷语法填空)However, the railway quickly proved to be (turned_out) a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using it every day. (用本单元的短语升级加黑部分)2(2009全国卷阅读C)We learn from Paragraph 1 that the pet sold at the shop may suffer from (come_down_with) monkeypox (猴痘)(用本单元短语替换加黑短语)高考采撷(二)写作中的短语和句式(根据提示翻译句子)1(2018天津高考书面表达)如果你方便的话，我们希望你能加入我们。(wish for, 动名词的复合结构)If_it_is_convenient_to_you,_we_would_wish_for_your_joining_us.2(2018全国卷书面表达)知道你要去一个中国朋友家里做客，我非常开心。下面有一些你需要注意的细节。(完全倒装)Im_very_delighted_to_know_that_you_are_going_to_pay_a_visit_to_a_Chinese_family._Here_are_some_details_that_you_should_pay_attention_to.3(2018全国卷书面表达)而且，随着体育馆的建立，许多体育赛事可以在这里举行，其中乒乓球和跑步竞赛非常受欢迎。(with复合结构， together with)Moreover,_with_the_stadium_set_up,_a_wide_range_of_sports_events_are_able_to_be_held_here,_of_which_pingpong,_together_with_running_competitions_enjoys_great_popularity.(二)课堂重点释疑 短语集释1take over夺取，占据；接替；接管记牢take away拿走；夺走take down 写下，记下；拆卸take in 吸收；理解；欺骗；收容take off 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功take on 接纳；雇佣；呈现；承担take up 拿起；接受；占据；开始从事；继续练通介、副词填空You have to learn to take down the key points even though you dont take them in.When Mr. Green retired, his son took over the business from him.Smartphones not only take up our valuable time, but also do great harm to our health.Dont be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.He witnessed to having seen the man take away the case. In the past few years, the village has taken on a new look.写美(2018浙江高考书面表达)当一个志愿者生病时，我接替了她的工作。那些美国学生对我评价很高。When_a_volunteer_was_ill,_I_took_over_the_task_from_her._Those_American_students_thought_highly_of_me.2in memory of纪念记牢in terms of就而言in need/want of 需要in favor of 赞同；支持in praise of 赞扬in honour of 为了向表示敬意in view of 鉴于，考虑到，由于in search of 寻找in support of 支持练通选用上述短语填空In_terms_of convenience, the museum has more advantages over the gallery.