王攀英语单词汇总.doc

Unit 1.a/an：/n一(个,只，件)2.abandon：bndn及物动词 vt. 1.丢弃;抛弃,遗弃 2.放弃 3.与oneself连用,使放纵;使听任(+to)She abandoned herself to despair. 她陷入绝望中。 名词 n. U 1.放纵,放任 2. 狂放.ability：blt名词 n. CU1.能力;能耐+to-v:She did the work to the best of her ability. 她已尽了力去做那件工作了。2.才能;专门技能The acting abilities of both are well-known. 两人的表演才能是众所周知的。.able：eb! 形容词 adj. 1.能,可,会 +to-vI am afraid I wont be able to visit you on Saturday. 恐怕我无法在星期六来拜访您了。 2.有能力的;能干的He is an able lawyer. 他是一位能干的律师。5.abnormal：bnrm!形容词 adj 1.不正常的,反常的;不规则的 2.异乎寻常的,例外的 6.aboard：bord副词 adv. 1.在船(或飞机,车)上;上船(或飞机,车)All passengers aboard fell into the river. 船上所有乘客皆落入河中。介词 prep. 1.在(船,飞机,车)上;进入,上(船,飞机,车)They were the last two to go aboard the ship.他们是最后两位上船的。7.abolish：bl及物动词 vt. 1.废除,废止 2.彻底破坏8.abortion：brn名词 n. 1.流产,小产;堕胎UC 2.流产的胎儿(或胎)Cabout：baut 介词 prep. 1.关于,对于My mother often spoke to me about you. 家母常和我谈起你。 2.在.的附近;在.的周围She sat up and looked about her. 她坐了起来,环顾四周。 3.在.的身边I had no money about me. 我身边没有带钱。 4.大约在.时候It happened about 5 oclock in the morning. 这事发生在早晨约莫五点钟的时候。 5.从事于What the hell are you about? 你到底在做什么? 6.在.身上,在.的性格中What I like about him is his sense of humor.我喜欢的是他的幽默感。 副词 adv. 1.在四周;到处She likes to walk about. 她喜爱四处走走。 2.在附近,在近处There were few people about. 附近几乎无人。 3.大约;几乎John is about the same age as Tom. 约翰和汤姆的年龄相仿。 4.向相反方向The ship turned about midway. 船在中途掉转了航向。 .above：bv 介词 prep. 1.在.上面The moon is now above the trees. 月亮正位于树梢上。 2.在.之上,超过They are children above six years old. 他们是六岁以上的孩子。 3.高于;优于;胜过In the company, Dick ranks above Tom. 在公司里,迪克的地位比汤姆高。4.不屑于;不致于He considered himself above doing such things.他自认为是不会去做那种事的。 副词 adv. 1.在上面;向上面There are snowy peaks above. 上面是白雪皑皑的群峰。 2. (级别、数目等)更高;更大;更多Men and women of eighteen and above are eligible to vote.年龄在十八岁以上的男女有投票表决权。3.在上文See the examples given above. 见上述例子。 形容词 adj. 1.上文的,前述的名词 n.1. 上文;上述事实In addition to all of the above, she won a Pulitzer Prize in 1980. 除上述外,她还在一九八年获得普利策奖。.abroad：brd副词 adv.1.在国外;到国外My son is still living abroad. 我的儿子仍住在国外。 2.在外面;到外面They usually walk abroad in warm days.在暖和天气他们通常去户外散步。3.传开;散开The news spread abroad that a new factory was going to be built in the county. 将在该县兴建一家新工厂的消息传开了。 4.未中目标地,离谱地He is much abroad in his guess. 他猜得太离谱了。 名词 n. 1.(用在from后)异国,海外UThey just returned from abroad. 他们刚从国外回来。 12.abrupt：brpt 形容词 adj. 1.突然的;意外的 2.(态度等)唐突的,鲁莽的 3.陡峭的,险峻的absence：bsns 名词 n.1.不在,缺席UC(+from)She never speaks ill of anyone in his or her absence. 她从不乘人不在时说别人的坏话。 2. 缺少,缺乏U(+of)The absence of color in that drawing makes it dull. 那幅画因没有着色而显得晦暗。.absent ：bsnt 形容词 adj. 1.缺席的,不在场的(+from) Three members of the class were absent this morning. 今天早晨该班有三人缺席。2.缺少的,不存在的Snow is absent in his country. 他的国家不下雪。3.茫茫然的,心不在焉的B He had an absent look on his face.他脸上露出心不在焉的神色。.absolute ：bs,lut 形容词 adj.1.纯粹的;完全的B His story was an absolute lie. 他的所述是十足的谎言。 2.绝对的Theres no absolute standard for it. 它没有绝对的标准。 3.专制的An absolute ruler can do just as he please. 一个专制的统治者可以为所欲为。 4.不容置疑的The police have absolute proof of his guilt. 警方有他犯罪的确凿证据。 5.确实的,有决定性的,十足的6.无条件的名词 n. 1. 绝对的事absorb：bsrb 及物动词 vt. 1.吸收(液体,气体,光,声等) Cotton gloves absorb sweat. 棉手套吸汗。 2.汲取,理解(知识等) So many good ideas! Its too much for me to absorb all at once. 这么多好主意!太多了,很难一下完全吸收。 3.使全神贯注;吸引(注意等)H(+in/by) The old man was utterly absorbed in the book. 老人全神贯注地读这本书。 4.合并(公司等);吞并Small businesses are absorbed by big ones.小公司被大公司吞并了。 5.承受;经受She wont be able to absorb another heavy blow. 她无力承受再一次沉重的打击。 6.承担(费用等).abstract：bstrkt形容词 adj. 1.抽象的Some people say beauty itself is abstract.有些人认为美本身是抽象的。 2.难懂的,深奥的You explain things in a way that is too abstract for me. 你如此解释事物对我来说太深奥了。3.纯理论的,非实际的Your reasoning seems very abstract. 你的推理似乎很抽象。 4.(艺术上的)抽象派的 Modern art is often rather abstract. 现代艺术往往相当抽象。 名词 n. C1.摘要,梗概Harper made an abstract of Prof. Hunters lecture. 哈珀将亨特教授的讲座做了摘要。 2.抽象派艺术作品3.抽象概念情态动词can,could:Can：表示能力或客观可能性：He can swim. Anybody can make mistakes表示请求允许：Can I come in?(May I come in? may比can更正式)Could:表示过去有过的能力或者客观可能性：In the old days he couldnt afford to send his son to school.Could用于疑问句中表示说话更加婉转客气：Could I use your dictionary? Yes, you can.Could have done:本应该做或本来能够做的某事，但没有做may,might:may:允许、请求、可能、可以：May I come in? Yes, you may/can No, you mustnt 表示祝愿：May you succeed.might:表示语气更加婉转：She might not come today. Might I go with you? will,would:Will:放在肯定句中表示意愿、意志、决心可用于各种人称：I will go shopping this afternoon.(表意愿)I will answer it.(说话时作出的决定)I will never do it again.(表决心)Be going to do sth:计划，打算放在疑问句中表说话人提出请求或询问：（常用第二人称）： Will you please say it again? Will you lead me a hand?表示一种习惯的动作和状态：Fish will die without water. Water will boil at 100.Would:表示过去的习惯、意志、决心、愿望：I would take a walk after supper.(表示过去的习惯) He said he would go with you.shall,should:Shall:放在肯定句中用于第二第三人称，表示允诺、命令、警告、威胁： You shall get a nice present on your birehday.（表允诺） If you are late again, you shall be punished.(表警告) 表示条令、法规、法约所规定的事：“No person shall smoke or carry a lighted cigarette cigar or pipe in this area.” 放在第一、三人称表示征求意见，通常放在疑问句中：What shall we do?Should:表示劝告、命令、建议（应该），ought to：应该，语气比should更强烈 You should listen to the doctors advice. 用在某些从句中表示：惊奇、竟然：You cant imagine that a wellbehaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady. Should+be:表示预测，可能（根据事物内在发展规律，事情发展的必然性得出的结论）：He left home at 7:30. I think he should be at the office at 8:00. Its nearly 7:00, Tom should be there at any moment. should have done:本该做某事，但没有做 shouldt have done:本不该做某事，但已经做了need:need作情态动词用于疑问句、否定句：-Need I come? Yes，you must./No,you neednt. 作实义动词：need sth, need to do sth,sth need to be done,need dong I need a hair cut./ I need to have my hair cut.dare：dare作情态动词用于疑问句、否定句、条件句： -Dare you go out alone at night? -I dare not go out alone at night. 实义动词：dare to do sth：Do you dare to go out alone at night?must：You mustnt smoke here.（禁止） Must I finish my homework now?Yes, you mustnt/ No, you neednt.偏要:-Must you play the piano at this time of day? -If you must know, Ill tell you.表推测：may,might,can,could,must Must表推测时只能用于疑问句中：He must be sleeping.(现在) It must have rained last night.(过去) Must+do/be doing/have done He cant be at home./He cant be shopping:can,could通常用于否定句、疑问句中，can表猜测不用于肯定句，may、might通常用于否定句、疑问句中。 定语从句修饰名词：Several days later most of the buildings that had been damaged were repaired.关系代词：人：who.whose.that.whom/物：which.that.where关系副词：when.where.why一 关系代词在定语从句中做主语：The man who/that came yesterday is a friend of mine.二 关系代词在定语从句中做宾语：The man who/whom/that you met yesterday is a friend of mine.当关系词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略三 关系代词在定语从句中做表语，做表语的关系词只能用that.He is not the man that he was ten years old.四关系代词在定语从句中做定语：Here comes the man whose English is very good.This is the house whose window broke last night.五关系词在定语从句中做状语：That was the day when I was born. That is the place where I was born. That is the reason why I was late for school.注意事项：当下列情况的关系词只能用that:1.当先行词为：all.no.nor.everything.anything. All that glitters is not gold.（并不是所有发光的东西都是金子）2.当先行词被all.every.no.some.any.little.much修饰:Ive read all the books that he was written. 3.当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级、the best、the same、the only修饰：This is the best film that I have ever seen.4.当先行词指人的同时指物时：They talked for an hour of the things and persons that they met in the school.5.如果主句中已经有疑问句或代词who.which，避免重复：Who is the girl that is standing over there？Which of the books that were borrowed from him is the best？6.关系代词在定语从句中做表语当下列情况的关系词不能用that：which.who在定语从句中做介词后的宾语，介词通常提前，不能用that，且不能省略:The day on which she arrived was Wednesday.当词组为固定短语时介词不能提前：This is the dictionary which/that youre looking for.非限制性定语从句不能用that:He is the only one of the students that/who likes English.非限制性定语从句：1.My brother, who is a teacher, can speak German.(只能用who,不能用that)2.That book, which is on the computer, is mine.As引导非限制性定语从句，从句可以放在句首、句中、句末，指代全部：As is known to all, smoking is harmful. Smoking is harmful, as is known to all.搭配：as we all know, as was expected, as is announced, as has been said, as we can see, as sb point out, as is often the case(和常见的情况一样)，as is mentioned above.(正如上文提到的那样)which引导非限制性定语从句，可以指代句中的一部分或全部：He is very proud, which I dislike very much.He said he often came to see us, which was a lie.such as, such that：固定搭配the same as：指同类不同件的东西，the same that：指同一件东西：Do you want to buy the same mobile phone as was shown on TV?She wears the same clothes that she wore yesterday.虚拟语气与现在事实相反：If+主语+did,主语+would/should/could+doIf I were you, I would go there.与过去事实相反：If+主语+had done,主语+would have doneIf I had known your telephone number, I would have called you.与将来事实相反：If +were to do,主语+would do Should doIf we were to b