《国际结算双语》PPT课件.ppt

International Settlements 国际结算,国际结算课程的性质,国际结算是国际金融学的一个分支,从微观角度探讨国际间货币运动的理论与实务问题,主要研究结算工具,结算方式和以银行为中心的资金划拨清算,其主要目的在于以最科学,最有效的方法来清算国与国之间以货币表现的债权债务关系.,国际结算课程的性质,国际结算商业银行国际结算业务紧密相关的,注重理论在实际业务中应用,具有很强的专业性和实务可操作性,也是一门适应我国银行业务与国际银行业务接轨需要, 与国际惯例紧密联系,具有很强国际性的专业课程.,国际结算课程的目的,通过国际结算的教学,要求学生能够掌握国际结算的基本理论,基本知识和基本技能;做到理论与实际相结合,能够运用理论知识为指导进行国际结算的实务操作的实用型、实践型、实干型人才。,国际结算课程所处的位置,先修课程为货币银行学、货币金融学、国际金融学；后续课程包括外汇银行会计,国际融资实务、进出口单证实务等,国际结算的教学重点,以课堂讲授为主 课程的重点有两个： 一是国际结算方式,即汇款,托收,信用证; 二是国际结算单据.通过案例教学,实训室软件模拟操作,习题练习等办法解决.,About the course,International settlements is a course of integrated theory（一体化理论） with practice. It puts emphasis on the application of theory into actual business operations.,Importer/ Buyer,Exporters bank,Funds,Goods/commodities,Exporter/ Seller,Importers bank,Basic procedure of international settlements,Shipping Co.,instruments,Funds,documents,Goods,About the course,International settlements is also a course of our country s banking business linking up with the world s banking business , it lays stress on handling international business in English in accordance with international practice .,Our Purpose,For the sake of helping students to learn international settlements and to have a good grasp of basic theory , elementary knowledge and fundamental technical ability of this course ,so we teach partly in English .,What will you learn in this course?,1. Three financial instruments: bill of exchange（汇票）, promissory note（本票）, check (cheque支票) 2. Three main international settlement methods remittance（汇款）, collection（托收）, letter of credit（信用证） 3. Other documents commercial invoice（发票）, transport documents（运输单据）, insurance documents（保险单） 4. International customs and practice for international settlements URC522（托收统一规则）, UCP600（跟单信用证惯例）,How to study this course?,提前预习与课后复习结合; 理论知识与实务操作结合； 考勤和平时作业考察与考试相结合.,Outline,Chapter 1. Introduction to International Settlement Chapter 2. Instruments Chapter 3. Remittance Chapter 4. Collection Chapter 5. Letters of Credit Chapter 6. Documents Related to International Settlement and Examination Chapter 7. Other Methods of Settlement System Chapter 8. International Non-Trade Finances,Chapter 1. Introduction to International Settlement,国际结算概述,Chapter1. Introduction,In this chapter，you will learn：,1.1 Definition 1.2 Types of International Settlement 1.3 History and Development of International Settlement 1.4 Major Points Concerning International settlements 1.5 Bank relationships in international Settlements,Chapter1. Introduction,The origin,Most international settlements originate from transaction in the world trade. International political, economic and cultural exchange inevitably leads to credits and debts owed by one country to another. 是一个国家由于对外贸易和经济合作以及政治稳获交流活动而发生的以货币表现的款项收付或债权债务结算。,Chapter1. Introduction,Importer/ Buyer,Exporters bank,Funds,Goods/commodities,Exporter/ Seller,Importers bank,Basic procedure of international settlements,Shipping Co.,instruments,Funds,documents,Goods,Chapter1. Introduction,Chapter1. Introduction,1.1 Definition,International payments and settlements are financial activities conducted among different countries in which payments are effected or funds are transferred from one country to another in order to settle accounts，debts，claims，etc,financial intermediary,convertible currency,所谓国际结算，是指为清偿国际间的债权债务关系而发生在不同国家之间的货币收付活动,Principle for International settlements Each currency is cleared within the boundary of the issuing country.,A Co.(exporter) USA,B Co.(importer) Japan,Chemical Bank USA,Sumitomo Bank Japan,Chapter1. Introduction,Currency: Convertible Currency,(1) Convertible currency in export country. (2) Convertible currency in import country. (3) Convertible currency in third country, generally referred to US currency.,Chapter1. Introduction,Absolutely convertible currency,Limited Convertible currency,Unconvertible currency,?,?,?,Chapter1. Introduction,Convertible Currency,可兑换货币也称自由外汇，是指一种货币只要不受限制可以自由兑换成其他货币，即为可兑换货币。作为可兑换货币必须具备以下三个条件： （1）它能自由兑换成其他货币； （2）它对国际性经常项目（即贸易与非贸易项目）的支付不受限制； （3）该货币国的管理当局不采用或不实行多种汇率制度或差别汇率制度。,Chapter1. Introduction,国际结算中货币的使用原则：,出口“硬币”， 进口“软币” 非贸易收款“硬币”， 非贸易付款软币； 引进外资软币 也就是 收入“硬币” 支出“软币”,Chapter1. Introduction,预先付款,装运时付款,装运后付款,交单后付款,交单前预付,交单时付款,国 际 结 算 方 式 付 款 时 间,Chapter1. Introduction,1.2 Types of International Settlement,Most international payments originate from transactions in the world Trade. They are money transfers as a result of international clearing, such as: International trade settlement国际贸易结算 International non-trade settlement国际非贸易结算,Chapter1. Introduction,(1) International trade settlement国际贸易结算,With the expansion of global trade amongst countries, the role of banks, in international trade finance is becoming more and more important. Most transactions must be settled through banks. Without the banks participation，international trade would not have been developed to the stage we have reached today.,Chapter1. Introduction,International Trade,1.Major participants :,buyer,seller,banks,quality clause,quantity clause,package clause,price clause,delivery terms,insurance clause,payment clause,Commodity inspection clause,3. Trade terms:Incoterms 2010, 13 terms,2.Sale contract:,Chapter1. Introduction,(2) International non-trade settlement国际非贸易结算,There are many ways by which funds can be transferred from one country to another under trade service. When the tourists, merchants, delegations or other people go abroad, they need money to spend, to buy something, or to pay for various expenses and charges there. The most common means for them to carry funds are cash , travelers check, travelers letter of credit and credit card. These are within the scope of non-trade settlement.,Chapter1. Introduction,How many international transactions can you list?,visible trade有形贸易 invisible trade无形贸易 financial transaction金融交易 overseas remittances 海外汇款 educational expenses教育开支 inheritances遗产继承,Chapter1. Introduction,How many international transactions can you list?,technology transfer技术转让 patent 专利 copyright contract版权合同 foreign exchange market transactions金融市场交易 export credits出口信贷 syndicated loans辛迪加贷款 international bond 国际债券,Chapter1. Introduction,1.3 History and Development of International Settlement,(1) From cash settlement to non-cash settlement从现金结算到非现金结算 (2) From direct payment made between international traders to payment effected through a financial intermediary从贸易商之间直接支付到通过金融中介进行支付 (3) From payments under simple price terms to payments under more complex price terms从使用简单贸易术语结算到复杂贸易术语的结算 (4) Internet era互联网的结算,Chapter1. Introduction,（1）From cash settlement to non-cash settlement,13 century A.D.,Instruments Bill of exchange Promissory Note Cheque/check,Non-Cash Settlement非现金结算,Exchange for GBP1,250.00 Beijing,1 April,2003 At sight pay to the order of DEF Co.the sum of Pounds one thousand two hundred and fifty only To XYZ Bank, For ABC Co., Beijing London (signature),End of 18 century,Expensive Risky Turnover of funds slow,Foreign exchange bank,Non-cash settlement非现金结算,From the thirteenth century A.D., bills of exchange were created, gradually taking the place of coins in international payments, and the bill of exchange market began to develop.,Chapter1. Introduction,Bill of exchange,Foreign exchange bank,13 century A.D.,end of 18 century A.D.,Foreign exchange market,Chapter1. Introduction,（2）From direct payment made between international traders to payment effected through a financial intermediary,With the worldwide banking network and modern banking technicality, banks can not only provide easy and quick transfer of funds needed for conducting international trade but also furnish their customers with valuable economic and credit information.,Chapter1. Introduction,（3）From simple price terms to more complex price terms,In the past, international trade payments were settled on very simple price terms, such as cash on delivery, cash on shipment, cash with order, cash before shipment, etc. In modern international trade, a more comprehensive and exact set of terms has been developed. As indicated in INCORTERMS2010(International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms)ICC Publication, the price terms available for use are multifarious and more complicated than before.,多种的,各式各样的,Chapter1. Introduction,（4）Internet era,With the development of computer technology, business is done and payments and settlements are effected by means of all kinds of payment systems, which makes it quicker and safer and more convenient for both the Buyer and Seller. Nowadays, Internet is developing very fast. This new type of business transaction is called net banking. Although there are a lot of problems to be solved，net banking is very promising.,Chapter1. Introduction, P R,环球银行间金融电讯协会,纽约清算所交换银行相互收付系统,伦敦交换银行 自动收付系统,联邦储备 清算系统,communication meshwork/network,Chapter1. Introduction,SWIFT:The Society For Worldwide Inter-bank Financial Telecommunications(环球银行间金融电讯协会),1973年5月成立,总部设在布鲁塞尔。目前，全世界已有超过200个国家的7000多个银行在使用SWIFT 。计算机数据通讯网在荷兰和美国设有运行中心，在各会员国设有地区处理站。 2002年，SWIFT报文承载量达8亿，日均7百万条，金额超过6万亿欧元。 中国是SWIFT会员国。中国银行作为中国的外汇外贸专业银行于1983年2月加入SWIFT，成为中国第一家会员银行，1985年5月13日，中国银行正式开通SWIFT。,20世纪90年代开始，中国所有可以办理国际金融业务的国有商业银行、外资和侨资银行以及地方银行纷纷加入SWIFT。 1996年中国SWIFT发报增长率为42.2%，在SWIFT全球增长率排名第一，中国银行在SWIFT前40家大用户中排名34位。 中国银行每日SWIFT发报量达3万多笔，采用SWIFT方式进行收发电报已占到全行电讯总收付量的90%。 SWIFT网络是国际结算、收付清算、外汇资金买卖、国际汇兑等各种业务系统的通讯主渠道，部分业务实现了自动化处理。 chaining(SWIFT study): /zjueman/archive/2006/06/28/847335.aspx,Characteristics,1.SWIFT needs member qualification. 2.SWIFTs charge is low. Its about 18% of that used by telex, and 2.5% of that used by cable. 3.SWIFT is safer. (SWIFT authenticate key) 4.SWIFT has standard uniform format.,Chapter1. Introduction,加入SWIFT的中国境内银行,1970年4月成立,国际美元支付系统。它是一个著名的私营跨国大额美元支付系统，是跨国美元交易的主要结算渠道。 通过CHIPS处理的美元交易额约占全球美元总交易额的95%。 CHIPS成员有纽约清算所协会会员、纽约市商业银行、外国银行在纽约的分支机构等。 CHIPS是一个净额支付清算系统，它租用了高速传输线路，有一个主处理中心和一个备份处理中心。每日营业终止后，进行收付差额清算，每日下午六时（纽约时间）完成资金转账。,CHIPS:Clearing House Interbank Payments System.（跨国美元支付系统）,CHAPS: Clearing House Automated Payment System,英国大额英镑清算系统。在CHAPS下，12家交换银行成为结算银行，由八条信息通道把它们和该系统的一个信息转换中心连接起来。 CHAPS用于英镑资金交换的当日 结算,主要由英国大型清算银行和英格兰银行使用。,Chapter1. Introduction,它归美联储所有，1913年建立，FEDWIRE将全美划分为12个联邦储备区、25个分行和11个专门的支付处理中心，主要用于金融机构之间的隔夜拆借、行间清算、公司之间的大额交易结算，美国政府与国际组织的记账债券转移业务等等。 由于该系统有专用的实现资金转移的电码通讯网络，权威性、安全性较高。此外它还承担着美联储货币政策操作及政府债券买卖的重要任务。 它每日运行18个小时，每笔大额的资金转账从发起、处理到完成，运行全部自动化。,FEDWIRE: Federal Reserves Wire Transfer System（全美境内美元支付系统）,Chapter1. Introduction,1.4 Major Points Concerning International settlements,(1) International settlements methods (2) The financial instrument that facilitate International settlements (3) Documents used in International settlements (4) The currencies used in international settlements. (5) Rules and regulations on international settlements.,make sure they are different,URC522:Uniform Rules for Collection,UCP500:Uniform Customs and Practice for documentary credit,Chapter1. Introduction,Domestic Settlement,International settlements,settlement,International Trade Settlement,International Non-Trade Settlement,Instruments,Methods,Documents,Rules,Bill of Exchange,Main methods,Other methods,basic,Additional,Promissory note,Check,Remittance,Letter of credit,Collection,Factoring,Letter of guarantee,Forfeiting,Standby letter of credit,Invoice,Bill of Lading,Insurance documents,Packing list,Weight memo,Certificate of Original,All kinds of Certificates,URG,UCP,URC,国际结算的基本要素,1、银行合作是办理国际结算业务的关键所在。（结算路径） 2、现代化的支付和通讯系统保证了资金顺畅、快速地跨国流动。（结算路径） 3、票据是国际结算中主要支付工具。（结算工具） 4、单据是实现物权转移与债务清偿的重要依据。（结算工具） 5、国际结算方式是最终实现货币跨国收付的手段。（结算方式）,Chapter1. Introduction,1.5 Bank relationships in international Settlements,(1)Sisters Bank/overseas branch海外分行 (2)Representative Bank (Correspondent)代理行 (3)Accounting Bank账户行,Chapter1. Introduction,The Worldwide Network of Banks,1、 Representative Office(代表处) 2、 Agency Office(代理处) 3、 Overseas Sister Bank/Branch, Sub branch(海外分、支行(境外联行) 4、 Correspondent Banks(代理银行) 5、 Subsidiary Banks(附属银行(子银行) 6、 Affiliated Banks(联营银行) 7、 Consortium Bank(银团银行),Chapter1. Introduction,Bank of China Overseas branch,(2)Representative Bank (Correspondent)代理行,International banking is effected through the cooperation of commercial banks all over the world. This cooperation comes from the establishment of correspondent relationships between banks. The so-called correspondent bank may be defined as “a bank having direct connection or friendly service relations with another bank”.,Chapter1. Introduction,The bank may open deposit accounts with, and entrust business to each other on a reciprocal basis.,互惠的,相应的,信赖,信托,交托,Chapter1. Introduction,When selecting a bank as a correspondent bank, what factors should be taken into account?,The reputation of the bank; Size of the bank; Location of the bank; Services offered by the bank; Fundamental policies and strength of the bank; Physical features and personnel; Momentum of early start, etc.,Chapter1. Introduction,Agency arrangement,Control documents,Establish a correspondent relationship between two banks.,What do control documents include?,Chapter1. Introduction,Control Documents,Lists of specimen of authorized signatures印鉴 Verify the messages, letters(airmailed) are authentic Telegraphic test keys密押 Verify the telex and cable are authentic Terms and conditions费率表 SWIFT authentic key验证码,是银行列示的所有有权签字的人的有权签字额度、签字范围、有效签字组合方式以及亲笔签字字样。代理行可凭其核对对方银行发来的电报、电传等的真实性。,是两家代理行之间事先约定的专用押码，在发送电报时，由发送电报的银行在电文前面加注，经接受电报的银行核对相符，用以确认电报的真实性。,Chapter1. Introduction,Bank of China,(3)Inter-bank account,A current account or a checking account may be opened between banks with the establishment of a correspondent banking relationship. Any bank before opening an account in its correspondent bank, must be aware of the detailed conditions of this connection, such as amount of initial deposit, minimum credit balance for covering the cost of services provided, interest rate of the account, overdraft permission, and how often the statement of account is sent.,Chapter1. Introduction,Depositor,Depository Bank,Current a/c XXX,Depositor Bank,Current a/c XXX,Depository Bank,账户行,开户行,存款客户,账户行,Chapter1. Introduction,Nostro account往账 The Italian word “Nostro” means “our”. Nostro account is the foreign currency account(due from account)of a major bank with the foreign banks abroad to facilitate international payments and settlements.我行在它行开立的存款账户 Vostro account来账 The Italian word “Vostro” means “your”. The Italian word “Vostro” means “your”. Vostro account is an account(due to account)held by a bank on behalf of a correspondent bank它行在我行开立的存款账户,Chapter1. Introduction,Nostro account: is the foreign currency account (due from account) of a major bank with the foreign banks abroad to facilitate international settlements.,From the point of Bank of China, a nostro account is our banks account in the books of an overseas bank, denominated in foreign currency.,USD Account,Bank of New York,Bank of China,往账,Chapter1. Introduction,A Bank,B Bank,Current a/c XXX,B Banks currency,A/C XXX is A Banks _a/c,Nostro,Chapter1. Introduction,Vostro account: is the domestic currency account (due to account) held by a bank on behalf of a correspondent bank.,From the point of view of Bank of China, a vostro account is an overseas banks account with us, denominated in RMB.,Bank of China,Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation,Ltd., Hong Kong,RMB Account,来账,Chapter1. Introduction,A Bank,B Bank,Current a/c XXX,A Banks currency,A/C XXX is A Banks _a/c,Vostro,Exercise:,Chapter1. Introduction,Services provided by correspondents,(1) Collecting checks, drafts, and other credit instruments; (2) Making loan or investments as agent for their customer banks; (3) Making credit investigations of firms that borrow in the open market; (4) Providing banks with foreign exchange facilities, including commercial and travelers checks; (5) Providing banks with funds/loans in case of need.,Chapter1. Introduction,Attention:,Major Points Concerning International Payments and Settlements are: 国际支付与结算应注意的主要问题 (1)International payment and settlement methods； (2)The financial instruments that facilitate international payments and settlements； (3)Documents used in international payments and settlements； (4)The currencies used in international payments and settlements； (5)Rules and regulations on international payments and settlements,Chapter1. Introduction,Thinking,1、什么是国际结算？其发展经历了哪几个阶段？ 2、国际结算的特征是什么？ 3、简述银行海外机构网络的构成。 4、国际结算的三种基本结算方式是什么？,Chapter1. Introduction,Chapter 2. Instruments,信用工具,Chapter2. Instruments,In this chapter，you will learn：,2.1 credit instrument 2.1.1Definition of credit instrument 2.1.2The functions of a negotiable instrument 2.1.3The characteristics of each instrument 2.1.4Instruments law system 2.2 The three important negotiable instruments： Bill of exchange，promissory note and cheque, The essentials of each instrument,Chapter2. Instruments,2.1 credit instrument,2.1.1 Definition of credit instrument A credit instrument is a written or printed paper by means of which funds are transferred from one person to another. Credit instruments most commonly used in international payments and settlements are bills of exchange, promissory notes and checks. They are also known, negotiable instruments. Credit instruments may also take such forms as travelers cheque, certificates of deposit，treasury bills, treasury bonds, etc.,Chapter2. Instruments,Instruments characteristic:,1)Negotiability 2)Non-causative Nature 3)Requisite in Form 4)Presentment 5)Return-ability,流通性,无因性,要式性,提示性,返还性,Chapter2. Instruments,Chapter2. Instruments,Negotiable Instrument,A negotiable instrument is a chose in action, the full and legal title to which is transferable by delivery of the instrument (possibly with the transferors endorsement) with