高中英语Unit9WheelsPeriodFour课堂讲义北师大版.docx

Period FourLesson 4Car Culture.单词检测1construction n建筑；建筑师construct v建造，构造2amount n数量3physical adj.身体的；物质的mental adj.精神的；脑力的4figure n数字；人物；形象5admit vt.承认，供认admission n承认；入场费6addicted adj.沉溺于的addict vt.使沉溺，使上瘾7occupy vt.占用(空间、面积、时间等)occupation n职业；占用8suit vt.适合suitable adj.合适的，恰当的.短语检测1get stuck in陷入，被困在2compared to/with与相比3go up上升4be related to与相关5carry on继续6be addicted to沉溺于，上瘾7give up放弃8on average平均；通常9take action采取行动10have an effect on对有影响1How often do we arrive at work or school stressed out，tired and angry?有多少次我们极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒地到达办公室或学校？2On average，about forty people travel in one bus，while the same number occupy thirtythree cars.平均而言，大约40人乘坐一辆公共汽车，而同样数量的人要占据33辆小轿车。3Sometimes it can take a little bit longer，but so what?有时这会多花一点时间，但是这又如何呢？.课文阅读理解1This passage is mainly about .Aair pollution Btraffic problemsCwater pollution答案B2The author gives these figures to show .Acars are doing increasing harm to our health and lifeBBritain is developing rapidlyCBritish cars are very popular答案A3Some types of cancer are related to according to the passage.Awater pollutionBpeoples living habitsCtraffic pollution答案C4The author cars.Adislikes Bis addicted toChasnt got any答案B5Which is NOT the advantage of walking or cycling?AThey can keep you fit，save you money and help you live longer.BThey are kind to the environment.CThey are faster and convenient.答案C.课文语法填空Take 1.action(active) somehow！We often think there is nothing we can do about the noise,2.pollution(pollute) and danger of traffic.There is. If your streets full 3.of heavy traffic，talk to your neighbours about it.Write to the papers.Go to the city government.Ask for 4.a speed limit.Ask for a pedestrian area.Do 5.whichever(which) of these things that suit you.Dont just sit around and complain!All quite simple，isnt it？Well，Im sorry I must finish this article.Ive got to pick 6.up my daughter from school 7.at four oclock.Then Ive got to drive to Sainsburys to do the 8.shopping(shop)After 9.that I have to take my son to a party.And tomorrow were driving over 10.to see(see) my mother.The traffics going to be awful，but what can we do？1amount n数量；vt.& vi.合计；总计(1)(原句)Amount of TV advertising：电视广告的数量：归纳拓展a large/small amount ofn.Uv.(单数)large/small amounts ofn.Uv.(复数)amount to共计，总计；等于，相当于(2)A good amount of damage was done in a very short time.短时间内就造成了严重损害。(3)Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.那座桥耗资巨大。即时跟踪(1)用be动词的正确形式填空A large amount of money is spent on advertisements every year.Large amounts of money were spent on the free way.(2)Large amounts of land is coming onto the market.(单句改错)isare2figure n数字，数目；图形；人物；身材；v.计算；认定；是的部分(1)(原句)Here are some figures：.这里有些数据：归纳拓展keep/improve ones figure保持体形figure on计划，打算，预料到figure out推测；算出；弄清楚(2)She does exercise every morning to keep/improve her figure.她每天早上做运动以保持/改善体形。(3)Lets look into the problem together and figure out a way to solve it.让我们一起来研究这个问题，想出解决的办法。即时跟踪(1)Have you worked out how much the trip will cost？(句型转换)Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?(2)我能够听见他们在说话，但就是听不清他们在说什么。I could hear them talking but I couldnt figure out what they were saying.3admit vt.承认；准许进入(1)(原句)I admit：Im addicted to my car.我承认：我沉溺于汽车难以自拔。归纳拓展(1)admit (to) doing sth.承认做了某事admit sb./sth.to ben./adj.承认某人(某事)为admit sb.to/into.允许某人进入admit to sb.that.向某人承认(2)admission n准许进入；入场费；承认without admission 未经允许(2)George would never admit (to) being wrong.乔治从来不认错。(3)He admitted his words to be mistaken.他承认自己的话错了。(4)Only 200 children were admitted to/into the school every year.(那时)每年只有200名儿童获准入学。即时跟踪(1)他向老师承认他错了。He admitted to the teacher that he was wrong.(2)他打开门让我进了屋。He opened the door and admitted me into the house.(3)I should never forget the day when I was admitted entering into the party.(单句改错)删除entering4addicted adj.沉溺于的(1)(原句)I admit：Im addicted to my car.我承认：我沉溺于汽车难以自拔。归纳拓展(1)be/get/become addicted to 沉溺于；对上瘾(to为介词)(2)addict vt.使沉溺；使入迷；使上瘾；n.瘾君子；对入迷的人addict oneself to沉溺于(to为介词)(2)One in seven people is addicted to alcohol or drugs according to the survey.根据调查七人中就有一人对酒精或毒品上瘾。(3)The man began to addict himself to all sorts of vice.这个人开始沉溺于各式各样的恶习。即时跟踪(1)许多青少年迷恋网上游戏，这让他们的父母很担心。Many teenagers are addicted to online games，which makes their parents worried.(2)他是一个酗酒成性的人。He is a man addicted to alcohol.(3)Addicted to play computer games，the little boy has lost interest in his lessons.(单句改错)playplaying5occupy vt.占领，占据；占用(时间、空间、面积等)；使忙于；(使)全神贯注(1)(原句)On average，about forty people travel in one bus，while the same number occupy thirtythree cars.平均而言，大约40人乘坐一辆公共汽车，而同样数量的人要占据33辆小汽车。归纳拓展(1)occupy oneself with/in sth.使自己忙于某事(2)occupied adj.(人)无暇的；忙碌的；(物)在使用中；已占用；不空闲be occupied with sth./in doing sth.忙于(做)某事(3)occupation n职业(2)A teacher should occupy himself with education as well as with teaching.教师不仅要专心于教书还要育人。(3)Occupied in looking after three children at home，she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.忙于在家照顾三个孩子，她再也无暇去俱乐部进行娱乐活动。(4)Please fill in the form stating your occupation.请在表格中填入你的职业。即时跟踪(1)句型转换Is anyone occupying the seat?Is the seat occupied?He was occupied in writing a book.He occupied himself in writing a book.He was occupied with a book.(2)他本来想参加你的生日晚会，但是他忙于一个非常重要的实验。He would have attended your birthday party but he had occupied himself with a very important experiment.6suit vt.适合；n.套装(1)(原句)Do whichever of these things that suit you.做上述任何一件适合你的事情都可以。(2)To students，youd better choose the activities which interest you and suit you.对学生来说，你最好选择那些感兴趣且适合自己的活动。归纳拓展(1)suit sth.to sb./sth.使某物适合某物(人)be suited to/for适合于，适宜于suit ones needs适合某人需要a suit of clothes一套衣服(2)suitable adj.合适的，适宜的be suitable for/to适合于(3)This diet is suitable for anyone who wants to lose weight fast.这一食谱适合每一个希望迅速减肥的人。易混辨析suit，fit，match(1)suit强调款式、颜色等合适，还用于表示某时间、安排、条件、需要、口味、地位的合适。(2)fit表示大小、形状、尺寸合适，引申为“吻合”、“协调”等。(3)match与匹配，强调一物与另一物相配，多指颜色、款式、风格等方面的搭配(go with)。即时跟踪(1)用suit，fit，match的正确形式填空Her shoes match her dress；they look very well together.It is almost impossible to find a time that suits everybody.The colour of this pair of shoes suits me very well，but it doesnt fit me.(2)这种类型的车不适应当地的条件。This type of car is not suited to the local conditions.(3)这个玩具不适合小孩子玩。This toy is not suitable for young children.1compared to/with.与相比(1)(原句)But anger and stress are nothing compared to the real costs of the motor car.但是比起汽车的实际代价，恼怒和紧张还是微不足道的。归纳拓展(1)compare.with/to把和比较compare.to.把比作compare with.与匹敌(通常用在否定句中)(2)in comparison with.与相比(2)Life is often compared to a journey.人生常被比喻为一趟旅行。(3)It is a rapid increase compared to most natural changes.与大多数自然变化相比，它的增长是迅速的。(4)Compared to/with many other women，she was indeed very fortunate.和其他许多妇女相比，她确实是很幸运的了。即时跟踪(1)我们可以把心脏比作一个泵。We can compare the heart to a pump.(2)和你们比起来我们还有很大差距。Compared with you，we still have a long way to go.(3)Comparing with a quite ordinary star，like the sun，the earth is small indeed.(单句改错)ComparingCompared2go up (价格、气温等)上升，增加；升起；被兴建(1)(原句)In the last ten years，the number of cars on the roads in Britain has gone up by 30%.过去10年里，英国公路上行驶的汽车数量上升了30%。(2)New houses are going up all around the town.城里到处都在建造新房子。归纳拓展go up by上升了，增加了go up to上升到，增加到；(从一处)到(另一处)(尤指北上或从小地方到城市或大城镇)go down倒下；下沉；下降，下跌go over复习go against反对,go with相配(3)Prices wont go down in the next few days.近几天价格不会下跌。即时跟踪(1)用适当的介词填空In our area，the price of the new house has gone up by 1,000 yuan per square metre.That is，it has gone up to 10,000 yuan per square metre.(2)下周末我们将去伦敦。Were going up to London next weekend.3on average平均；通常(1)(原句)On average，about forty people travel in one bus，while the same number occupy thirtythree cars.平均而言，大约40人乘坐一辆公共汽车，而同样数量的人要占据33辆小轿车。归纳拓展average adj.平均的，普通的，平常的；n.C平均，平均数；U一般水平，平均水准above (the) average在一般水平以上below (the) average在一般水平以下up to the average接近一般水平(2)His weekly salary varies，but on average，it is about 4,000.他周薪有多有少，但是平均来说大概是4 000美元。(3)Temperatures are above/below the average for the time of year.温度高于/低于此时的年平均温度。即时跟踪(1)一般来说不抽烟的人比抽烟的人身体健康。On average，people who dont smoke are healthier than people who do.(2)汤姆在学校的功课在一般以上，而哈利的功课在一般以下。Toms work at school is above (the) average，while Harrys is below (the) average.1形容词作状语(1)(原句)How often do we arrive at work or school stressed out，tired and angry?有多少次我们极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒地到达办公室或学校？归纳拓展句中stressed out，tired and angry作状语，用来说明主语we的状态。tired为过去分词形式的形容词。形容词在句中作状语，其功能在于说明主语的特征或状态，可以作伴随、原因、让步状语等。(2)Afraid of being caught，the thief hid himself in the corner.由于害怕被抓住，这个小偷藏在角落里。(表原因)(3)The rabbit turned over，dead.这只兔子翻了个身，死了。(表结果)(4)Helpless，we watched half a years food destroyed before us.我们毫无办法，眼睁睁地看着半年的粮食在我们面前给毁掉了。(表伴随)即时跟踪(1)她突然出现，既高兴又满意。Happy and satisfied，she suddenly appeared.(2)孩子们回到家里，又累又饿。The children came home，tired and hungry.(3)Curiously，we looked around for other guests.(单句改错)CuriouslyCurious2while表示转折(1)(原句)On average，about forty people travel in one bus，while the same number occupy thirtythree cars.平均而言，大约40人乘坐一辆公共汽车，而同样数量的人要占据33辆小汽车。归纳拓展(1)while为并列连词，连接两个并列句，表示转折、对比意为“而，却”。(2)while可用作名词，意为“一段时间，一会儿”；也可用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当时候；在期间”；引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。(2)He stayed in my office for a short while and then left.他在我办公室呆了一小会儿就走了。(3)Susan talked to us while she was playing computer games.苏珊一边同我们说话，一边玩电脑游戏。(4)While he has shortcomings，I still like him.尽管他有缺点，我还是喜欢他。即时跟踪(1)写出下列句子中while的汉语意思Father was cleaning the car while I was doing my homework.当时候While he was very tired，the teacher left the dormitory only when all his students were asleep.尽管I like swimming，while my sister likes singing.然而(2)He gave in while he was threatened with torture.(单句改错) whilewhen.单词拼写1Playing basketball is a kind of physical(身体的) exercise.2I admit(承认) that due to lack of experience I have made some mistakes.3The sewing machine will soon occupy(占领) about 50% of the world market.4Peter owed me 1,000 dollars but could pay only half that amount.5The figure(数字) above shows our achievements in economy.6We must stop him from seeing her somehow.7Dont ride your bicycle on the pavement.8These novels have been shortened to suit the need of children.选词填空1On average，he spends two hours a day in reading.2Real incomes of workers have gone up by 10% in the past year.3Tom is addicted to playing golf，thinking about nothing but it.4Usually teachers are compared to burning candles.5Do you admit to taking these books without telling anybody?.完成句子1老人在风雪中度过了几天，又冷又饿。The old man spent several days in the wind and snow，cold and hungry.2总之，虽然前途是光明的，但是道路是曲折的。In a word，while the prospects are bright，the road has twists and turns.3农村的文化生活不能与大城市的相比拟。Cultural life in the country cannot compare to/with that of a large city.4平均而言，人们对蜘蛛的恐惧更甚于死亡。On average people fear spiders more than they do death.5一九八一年棉织品的进口量急剧上升。The import of cotton goods went up sharply in 1981.语境填词A)用所提供单词的正确形式填空1Lighthearted(lightheartedly) and optimistic，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.2She teaches physics(physical)，and her husband teaches English.3A large amount of damage was(be) done in a very short time.4He returned and found that his job was under someone elses occupation(occupy)5These books are suitable(suit) for children.B)填写空白处所需的内容(1个单词)6Some youngsters are quite addicted to wandering in the cyber space.7Women were only admitted into/to the club last year.8His mind was occupied with this important task.9He determined to seek for a building more suited to their needs.10The son was having a good meal at home，while the parents were working in the fields.阅读理解ALike all big cities，Paris has a traffic problem：lots of cars，lots of traffic jams and lots of pollution from exhaust fumes(废气)So the city began a scheme(计划) to improve the situation.Under the Velib scheme (“Velib” comes from vlo libert，or “bicycle freedom”) people can take a bicycle，use it for as long as they want，and then leave it at the same or another bicycle station.The first halfhour on the bike is free，but if you dont return it after 30 minutes，you have to pay.But its only 1 a day or 29 a year! The bicycles are heavy (25 kg)，and they are all grey and have baskets.There are about 20,000 of them in the city，and around 1,450 bicycle stations.So there are a lot more Velib stations than the 298 subway stations!Paris is not the first city to have a scheme like this.But not everybody thinks its a great idea.One Parisian said，“These bicycles are only for short journeys.If people want to travel across the city，they wont use a bicycletheyll still use their cars.”A city spokesman said，“The bicycle scheme wont solve all our traffic problems，of course.But it might help reduce air pollution.Traffic，together with factory fumes，is a big problem.There arent any simple answers to traffic problems and pollution in cities.But unless we do something now，there will be more traffic jams and temperatures will continue to rise，so the problems in our environment will get worse.The bikes might help people to lead a healthier life，too.”11What can we learn about the Velib scheme?AIts bikes have no baskets.BIts bikes are light and colorful.CIt aims to make traveling easier.DIt owns more stations than the subway.答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“There are about 20,000 of them in the city，and around 1,450 bicycle stations.So there are a lot more Velib stations than the 298 subway stations！”可知Velib自行车站的数量比地铁站还多，故选D。12Why do some people disagree with the Velib scheme?AThe cost is rather high.BIts hard to find a Velib station.CIts not suitable for a long journey.DThe distance between two Velib stations is long.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段的“These bicycles are only for short journeys.If people want to travel across the city，they wont use a bicycletheyll still use their cars.”可知，人们不同意的原因是自行车不适用于长途旅行，故选C。13Whats the city spokesmans attitude towards the bicycle scheme?APositive. BDoubtful.CUncaring. DWorried.答案A解析观点态度题。根据最后一段的“The bicycle scheme wont solve all our traffic problems，of course.But it might help reduce air pollution.”和“The bikes might help people to lead a healthier life，too.”可知，他对于该自行车系统持支持态度，故选A。BAlmost every machine with moving parts has wheels，yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for.We do know，however，that they existed over 5,500 years ago in ancient Asia.The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia.It is over 5,100 years old.Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didnt become popular for a while，though.This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.But it could also be because of a difficult situation.While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces，roads with smooth surfaces werent going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them.Eventually，road surfaces did become smoother，but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later.There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design.In the mid1700s，a Frenchman came up with a new design of roada base layer(层) of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller stones.A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong，lasting road surface became a reality.At around the same time，metal hubs(the central part of a wheel) came into being，followed by the pneumatic tyre(充气轮胎) in 1846.Alloy wheels were invented in 1967，sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads(柏油路)As wheel design took off，vehicles got faster and faster.14What might explain why transport wheels didnt become popular for some time?AFew knew how to use transport wheels.BHumans carried farming tools just as well.CAnimals were a good means of transport.DThe existence of transport wheels was not known.答案C解析细节理解题。第二段最后一句说明wheels长期未能流行的缘由：动物长期以来充当交通工具。15What do we know about roa