2019_2020高中英语Unit3ScienceversusnatureSectionⅠWelcometotheunit.docx

Section Welcome to the unit & ReadingWarming UpA卷 阅读理解AA new report from the International Bar Association(IBA) suggests machines will most likely replace humans in a growing number of occupations. One of the authors of the report, Gerlind Wisskirchen, believes that governments need to introduce human quotas(配额) in some sectors in order to protect jobs.The report suggests that the jobs at risk are common ones, such as accountants and lawyers. Financial services are more at risk than legal roles though, as algorithms(计算程序) are easier for a computer to solve when compared to keeping client relationships and making new laws. Simple physical work is also in the firing line, the authors mention.As the world population heads towards 7 to 10 billion, futurist Morris Miselowski says, “Im not sure that this ninetofive, Monday to Friday work as we understand it, will continue for many of us for the next couple of decades.” He forecasts that thebiggest changes will be a shift(转变) away from the traditional work schedule.“Artificial Intelligence(AI) . and all sorts of new technologies are just about to happen；all of thats going to change where, how and when we do work.”Ms. Wisskirchen was surprised by how farreaching the effects of automation(自动化) are.“Even though automation began 30 years ago in the bluecollar sector, the new development of artificial intelligence and robotics affects not just the bluecollar sector, but the whitecollar sector，” said Ms. Wisskirchen.Toby Walsh, professor of Artificial Intelligence at UNSW, said there was a silver lining when it came to technology and the future of jobs.“Its always good to remember that although technology will take jobs away as they raise in this report, there will also be new jobs created by technology，” he said. “In fact if we look at the history of technology since the Industrial Revolution, more jobs have been created than destroyed.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一份来自国际律师协会的最新报告探讨了科技对未来人类工作的影响。1What message does the new report from the IBA send?AMore jobs will be offered to humans.BSomeday humans wont need to work.CMore jobs will be created because of AI.DSomeday robots will take over your job.D解析：推理判断题。由首段的“machines will most likely replace humans in a growing number of occupations”和第二段的“the jobs at risk are common ones, such as accountants and lawyers”可知，来自国际律师协会的这份报告传达的信息是某一天机器人可能会取代人类的工作。2According to Morris Miselowski, what will happen in the future?AAI will make humans life easier.BPhysical work will disappear from sight.CThe traditional work hours will be changed.DAutomation will have little effect on lawyers.C解析：细节理解题。由第三段的“the biggest changes will be a shift(转变) away from the traditional work schedule”可知，由于人工智能和各种新科技的到来，Morris预测今后传统的工作时间会发生巨大变化。3Who is optimistic about the future of jobs?AThe author.BToby Walsh.CMorris Miselowski.DGerlind Wisskirchen.B解析：推理判断题。本文探讨的是科技对未来人类工作的影响，由最后一段Toby Walsh说的话“In fact if. than destroyed.”可知，他对未来的工作表示乐观。BLise Meitner was born in Vienna, Austria on November 7, 1878.She was the third child of eight children in the family.Her father Philipp, who was a lawyer, hired personal teachers to teach the children, and she learned mathematics very well.Music was important to the family, and all the children learned to play the piano.The Meitner children were taught to listen to their parents, but to think for themselves.When Lise Meitner finished school at the age of 14, she could not go to college for higher education, as were all girls in Austria.But, inspired by the discovery of Henri Becquerel, she was determined to study radioactivity(放射性)When she turned 21, women were finally allowed into Austrian universities.Meitner was admitted into the University of Vienna; there she was excellent at math and physics and earned her doctors degree in 1906.She wrote to Marie Curie, but there was no room for her in the Paris lab, so Meitner made her way to Berlin.There she worked with Otto Hahn, but as an Austrian Jewish woman, she was excluded from the main labs and allowed to work only in the basement.In 1912, the pair moved to a new university and Meitner had better lab equipment.Though Meitner was forced to escape Nazi Germany in 1938, they continued to cowork.Meitner continued her work in Sweden and later they found the phenomenon “nuclear fission(核裂变)”The discovery, which finally led to the atomic bomb, won Hahn the Nobel Prize in 1944.Meitner, ignored by the Nobel committee(委员会), refused to return to Germany after the war and continued her atomic research in Stockholm into her 80s.【解题导语】Lise Meitner是一位奥地利女科学家，文章介绍了她对核物理学的贡献。4What can we learn about Lise Meitners childhood?AShe received a good education.BShe often went against her parents.CShe showed a great talent for music.DShe lived a hard life with her family.A解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Her father Philipp, who was a lawyer, hired personal teachers to teach the children, and she learned mathematics very well.Music was important to the family, and all the children learned to play the piano.”可知，Lise Meitner小时候接受了良好的教育。5Why didnt Lise Meitner go to college after finishing high school?AShe wasnt interested in college.BGirls in her country were not allowed.CHer family couldnt afford the school fees.DShe wanted to study radioactivity by herself.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When Lise Meitner finished school at the age of 14, she could not go to college for higher education, as were all girls in Austria.”及第三段第一句可知，Lise Meitner高中毕业后没能上大学是因为当时在奥地利女孩子不允许上大学。6What did Lise Meitner probably realize when working in Berlin?AShe was unfairly treated there.BShe made the wrong college choice.CShe should have kept her identity a secret.DShe should find a better partner than Otto Hahn.A解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“.but as an Austrian Jewish woman, she was excluded from the main labs and allowed to work only in the basement.”可知，由于身份的缘故，她被不公平地对待。7What was most probably Lise Meitners attitude toward the Nobel committee?AIndifferent.BUnclear.CAngry.DSupportive.C解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Meitner, ignored by the Nobel committee(委员会), refused to return to Germany after the war and continued her atomic research in Stockholm into her 80s.”可推断，Meitner对诺贝尔奖委员会对自己的忽视感到非常气愤。CHave you had this experience? You are watching a movie.A man is shooting on the screen.The picture is so real that you think he is shooting at you.Or a car is speeding on the screen and at one point you are afraid that it will hit you.Threedimensional(3D) movies use special technology to make pictures seem more real and exciting than twodimensional ones.The popular movie Avatar uses 3D technology.So far we can only see 3D movies in the cinema with a special screen and projector(放映机)But soon, we will be able to watch them in our living rooms.Last month, Woods Company told reporters that it plans to bring 3D televisions to homes in the near future.The company is also hoping to make other products with 3D, like laptops and PS3(索尼的家用游戏机)“The_3D_train_is_on_the_track,_and_we_are_ready_to_drive_it_home，”said the President.3D movies and TV programs are fun to watch, but do you know how they are made? It is much easier to understand if we do an experiment.Hold one of your fingers up at arms length and close one eye.Then try closing the other eye.As you switch between open eyes, you should see your finger “jumping” left and right against the background.This happens because our two eyes are about 4cm away from each other.The separation causes each eye to see the world from a different angle.The brain puts these two views together.What you see becomes threedimensional.3D movies are made using two video cameras at the same time, which creates two different images.When the movie plays in a cinema, two projectors put the two images on the screen.With a pair of 3D glasses, the two images are separated and each image only enters one eye.Your brain puts the two pictures back together, and the pictures on the screen become threedimensional.【解题导语】这篇短文主要介绍了3D技术的工作原理。8What does the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph mean?ATheyve got a train to take 3D movies back home.BThey are not sure about the future of 3D movies.CThey are ready to bring 3D technology to home.DThey have no more work to do on 3D technology.C解析：句意理解题。这句话的字面含义是“3D这辆火车已经在轨道上了，我们正准备把它开回家。”联系上一段中的“Last month, Woods Company told reporters that it plans to bring 3D televisions to homes in the near future.”可知此处指的是他们已经准备将3D技术带入个人家庭。故选C。9From the passage, we know that 3D technology _Acreates two different images separatelyBworks in the similar way of eyes seeing thingsCuses special video cameras and screensDcan be very easy to experiment withB解析：细节理解题。根据短文后两段描述可知3D技术和眼睛的工作原理相似。故选B。10The passage is mainly about _Awhat 3D technology needsBwhat 3D movies areChow 3D movies developDhow 3D technology worksD解析：主旨大意题。根据短文后三段描述可知这篇短文主要讲述了3D技术的工作原理。故选D。11In which page of a newspaper can you most probably read this passage?AScience.BAdvertisement.CNews.DFiction.A解析：文章出处题。这篇短文主要讲述的是3D技术，故我们应该在科学板块看到这一内容。故选A。 七选五For our brains, being in the Internet Age is like being a fiveyearold in a candy store.But while fiveyearolds in candy stores have tons of fun, they arent known for achieving great things.Sometimes, your brain just needs to accept it and cant always get what it wants. 1._Here are some ways to improve productivity.2_Breaks are important.But unscheduled Internet breaks can keep you from ever getting into the “flow” of work.For those of us who dont trust our own willpower in the face of that shiny browser(浏览器) icon, you can get Internetblocking software like Freedom that actually prevents your computer from surfing the Internet for set periods of time.Quit tapping(轻叩) on that phone.We know smartphones are great when you have to wait in line for more than five seconds.But phone tapping during work periods often just means about a hundred unearned breaks.Of course, some jobs require constant access to your phone.But most of the time, youd be better off accepting that nothing bad will happen if you disconnect for a few hours. 3._Make a list and go through it carefully.The list is one of the simplest and most ignored relics of the pen and paper age. 4._Theres nothing more satisfying than completing something with patience.Turn on some music without words.5._ But the mistake people sometimes make is to listen to music with lyrics.Music with lyrics can be distracting(分心的) if youre trying to work or read.AGet off the Internet.BAlways know your weakness.CYour brain needs structure and focus.DRemember to just work on one problem at a time.EDont let your brain go to play until your tasks are done.FThe pleasant melody will help you feel relaxed to work.GJust put your phone in a different roomout of sight and out of mind.答案：15.CAGEFB卷 阅读理解How come we think dogs are so smart? A dog might be clever enough to fetch his lead when he wants to go out.But he might also spend a whole hour running after his own tail.How can you measure an animals brain power?The hardest part is coming up with the right test.The test has to be something the dog can learn to do: select a block by pushing it with a nose, for example.The test also has to be something the dog wants to do: a dog might stare at that block until he figures out theres a hidden treat.Researchers use treats to give dogs IQ tests.The dog is presented with a plate with a blue block on it; underneath the block is a treat.The animal moves the block and gets the treat.Now the test gets tricky.The dog is presented with the same plate, but this time it has a blue block and a yellow coffee can lid(盖子)on it; the treat is under the yellow lid.The test: how long does it take the dog to learn that the treat is always under the new object on the plate？The smarter the dog, the quicker hell find the treat.That seems simple enough, but things become more complicated (复杂的) when you try to compare different kinds of animals.Monkeys_wipe_the_floor_with_dogson this test.Dogs may have to try hundreds of times before they select the yellow lid.Monkeys learn much more quickly to find the hidden treat.Does that mean monkeys are smarter than dogs?Not necessarily.The test was originally designed for monkeys, and it gives them an unfair advantage: by nature monkeys are curious and like to check out new things.Dogs tend to be cautious about approaching new things.Even if you could find a test that was perfectly fair to all animals, its silly to ask whether one kind of animal is smarter than another.All animals have the ability to learn things that are important to them.Otherwise they wouldnt survive.A chicken can figure out where to get food or how to run from a predator(食肉动物)So a chicken is as smart as it needs to be.1What is a requirement for a test of animal intelligence?AThe test must include a block like object.BThe test must compare two different animals.CThe test must be given when the animal is in training.DThe test must be something that can be taught to an animal.D解析：细节理解题。由第二段的描述可知， 测试必须是动物能学会而且想做的事情。2What does the underlined part “Monkeys wipe the floor with dogs” in Paragraph 4 mean?AMonkeys are cleaner than dogs.BMonkeys perform better than dogs.CMonkeys have learnt to clean floors.DMonkeys like to compete with dogs.B解析：句意理解题。由划线部分下文中的Dogs may have to try hundreds of times.more quickly to find the hidden treat.可知，猴子比狗更快找到食物， 由此可以推断，“Monkeys wipe the floor with dogs”意为“猴子比狗表现得好”。3According to Paragraph 5, how are monkeys and dogs different?AMonkeys learn quickly but dogs learn slowly.BMonkeys like taking tests but dogs dislike them.CMonkeys do not like working with humans, but dogs do.DMonkeys explore new things but dogs shy away from them.D解析：推理判断题。由第五段中的monkeys are curious.be cautious about approaching new things可知， 猴子对新事物充满好奇， 而狗对新事物总会小心翼翼。4According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE?AThe smartest animals make the best pets.BMost animals are as smart as they need to be.CAnimals can do what humans want them to do.DBigger animals are smarter than smaller animals.B解析：细节理解题。由最后一段中的All animals have the ability to learn things that are important to them.Otherwise they wouldnt survive.可知， B项正确。 完形填空It was only in the eighteenth century that people in Europe began to think mountains were beautiful._1_that time，mountains were_2_by the people living on the plain，_3_by the city people, to whom they were wild and_4_places in which one was easily_5_or killed by terrible animals.Slowly, however, many of the people who were living_6_in the towns began to grow tired of_7_. They began to feel interested in looking for things which could not be explained, for sights and sounds which produce a feeling of fear and excitement._8_， in the _9_century, people began to turn away from the manmade_10_to the untouched country，and particularly_11_places where it was dangerous and wild. High mountains began to be _12_ for a holiday.Then, mountain climbing began to grow popular as a sport. To some people, there is something greatly_13_about getting to the_14_of a high mountain：a struggle against nature is finer than a battle_15_other human beings. And then, when you are at the mountain top after a long and difficult_16_， what a_17_reward it is to be able to look_18_on everything within_19_！At such time，you feel happier and prouder than you can ever feel _20_【解题导语】本文介绍了爬山运动的历史，同时介绍了此项运动的魅力。1A.AfterBInCAtDBeforeD解析：根据前文可知在18世纪欧洲人才开始认为山是美丽的，由此可推断出在此之前，人们认为山是危险的，故D项正确。2A.lovedBlikedCfearedDobservedC解析：根据下文的“they were wild”和“killed by terrible animals”可知人们畏惧山。fear“害怕，畏惧”，符合语境。love“爱”；like“喜欢”；observe“观察”。3A.howeverBfurtherCsometimesDespeciallyD解析：生活在平原上的人害怕大山，尤其是城市里的人。especially“尤其”，符合语境。4A.excitingBinterestingCdangerousDaloneC解析：根据下文的“killed by terrible animals”可知对于他们来说山是危险的地方。dangerous“危险的”，符合语境。exciting“令人兴奋的”；interesting“有趣的”；alone“单独的”。5A.broken downBlostCdiscoveredDcaughtB解析：人们在山里容易迷路。be lost“迷路”，符合语境。break down“垮掉”；discover“发现”；catch“捉住”。6A.unhappilyBlonelyCcomfortablyDeasilyA解析：慢慢地，许多在城镇中生活得不幸福的人们开始厌恶城镇了。unhappily“不快乐地”，符合语境。lonely“孤单的”；comfortably“舒服地”；easily“容易地”。7A.themBitCthemselvesDthatA解析：代词作宾语，且指代前文的“towns”，故应用them。8A.YetBSoCHoweverDButB解析：上下文之间有因果关系，故用表示结果的并列连词so。yet“然而，但是”；however“然而，可是”；but“但是”。9A.lastBrecentCeighteenthDearlyC解析：根据第一段中“It was only in the eighteenth century that people in Europe began to think mountains were beautiful.”可知在18世纪人们开始喜欢大山了。10A.countryBhouses CtownDplanetC解析：根据上文“many of the people.in the towns began to grow tired of_”可知人们开始厌烦城镇，想要从城镇里出去，故C项正确。11A.toBat CinDforA解析：turn away from.to.“离开去”。并列连词and连接两个介词to短语。12A.importantBright CnecessaryDpopularD解析：高山开始成为人们喜欢的度假胜地。popular“受欢迎的”，符合语境。important“重要的”；right“正确的”；necessary“必要的”。13A.pleasantBinterestedCdangerousDterribleA解析：对于一些人来说，爬到山顶是非常愉快的事情。pleasant“愉快的”，符合语境。interested“感兴趣的”；dangerous“危险的”；terrible“可怕的”。14A.footBspotCtopDtipC解析：爬山目标当然是到达山顶。top“顶”；foot“底部”；spot“斑点，地点”；tip“尖”。15A.inBto CagainstDbetweenC解析：a battle against.“与的战斗”。16A.fightBclimb CwalkDrunningB解析：长久而且很难的攀登后到达山顶。climb“攀登”，符合语境。17A.surprisingBsatisfactoryCdisappointingDastonishingB解析：能够俯瞰一切是多么令人满意的报答啊！satisfactory“令人满意的”，符合语境。surprising“令人惊奇的”；disappointing“令人失望的”；astoni