《河北中考英语》PPT课件.ppt

中考英语试题分析及复习策略,初2011级2班,中考考什么？,中考命题要以全面、准确地考查学生的综合语言运用能力为宗旨，着重考查学生在具体的情境中运用所学英语知识与技能的能力，特别是用英语做事情、完成任务的能力。,交际语言能力构成的主要因素Bachman & Palmer (1995),语言知识： 词汇知识、句法知识、语音和书写知识 语篇知识： 语句连接、修辞或会话结构,语用知识： 达意功能、操纵功能、传授功能、想象性语言功能 社会语言知识： 方言与语言变体知识、语体知识、自然语言和习语知识、文化与明、暗喻修辞知识,语言功能知识是指使用语言的不同功能达到某一种效果。 达意功能：应用语言与他人交流思想与情感。描述、划分类别、解释等。 操纵功能：使用语言达到要求别人做某事的目的。 传授功能：利用语言传播知识文化常识。,英语课程标准,基础阶段英语教育目标是培养学生综合运用语言的能力。而综合语言运用能力是由语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识这几个方面构成。,国家基础教育课程改革实验区英语学业考试命题原则,1.要根据课程标准来确定考查内容与标准，不拘泥于教材 2要着重考查学生的综合语言运用能力 3，要充分考虑学生实际生活和身心发展水平 4要切实考虑英语语言使用的实际情况 5要确保试题的信度和效度，杜绝繁、偏、旧的试题，控制题量,近年来我省试题的变化,从知识立意到能力立意的渐变： 语言知识境兼语境的试题的比重逐渐增加； 主观试题的分量的分量逐渐增加； 试题考查思维的层次逐渐提高。,语言知识兼语境试题比重逐渐增加,07年成都卷 33. Of all the sports shoes, John bought _ pair. Then he had some money for socks. A. a cheaper B. the most wonderful C. the least expensive 36. Jane _. Im waiting for her. A. came back B. has come back C. hasnt come back 答案：33. C 34. C,点评： 以上试题均提供了相对完整的语境，在语境中考查学生对词汇知识和语法知识的掌握情况。其中成都的33小题考查形容词的比较等级，题目的设计颇具创造性，所创设的语境也非常自然。题目所提供的三个选项，如果不仔细阅读整个句子，似乎都可以构成一个在语法上和意义上正确的句子。但由于短语Of all the sports shoes, 选项A 不合题意，又根据后句 Then he had some money for socks, 排除选项B。该题有效地考查了学生对语言基础知识的掌握情况，又考查了学生对句子的理解能力和推断能力，是一个很好的单项选择试题。这类试题在今年各地的单项选择中，还可以选出许多。命题者通过创设语境来考查语法知识和词汇知识的运用能力，值得提倡。,08年该类试题比重显著增加。 4. We all feel _ the disabled girl has made so much progress in music. A. worried B. lovely C. surprised 6. Where is Mike? - Maybe he _ TV in the living room now. A. watched B. will watch C. is watching 9. When Mary couldnt see her mother, she began to cry and _ her. A. look for B. look after C. look at,12. You _ stay in bed any longer. Get up to work quickly! A. must B. wont C. cant 13. Alice ran _ Lucy, so she got to the end _. A. as fast as; earlier B. faster than; earlier C. faster than; the earliest 14. Julie enjoys listening music very much. She often says to me that _ is more interesting than music. A. nothing B. something C. everything 15. In autumn when leaves _ yellow, they soon begin to fall down to the ground. A. keep B. turn C. stay,16. There are only _ new words in the passage, but I know _ of them. A. some; all B. a few; none C. lots of; a few 17. The lady donated a lot of money _ she is not rich. A. if B. because C. though 18. When the school building began to shake, the teachers ran downstairs _ all the students. The teachers are real heroes. A. after B. with C. before,与教育部推荐的优秀试题比较,例1 - You dont look very well. Youd better see a doctor. - I _, but he said theres nothing wrong. A. will B. would C. have (正确答案为C),例2 - _ you _ to the radio? No, you can turn it off. A. Did, listen B. Have, listened C. Do, listen D. Are, listening (安徽试题）,例3 _ did the teacher talk to you this morning? Because I was late for school? A. How B. What C. Where D. Why,- May I have an apple, Mum? - Certainly. But you _ wash your hands first. A. may B. must C. can D. need,完形填空,完形填空是考查学生的综合语言运用能力。各实验区都采用了提供选择项的题型。命制完形填空的试题时特别强调根据上下文的联系和相互的逻辑关系来设计选项，而不是主要根据语法来判断选项。,China will be the host 36 the 2008 O1ympics, so many Chinese people want 37 their English in different ways. For example, twenty-four young singers from across China entered a contest by 38 popular English songs. Nearly all the singers sang very 39 and looked comfortable on stage. Some of these singers 40 able to sing English songs just as well as native speakers. 36. A. to B. for C. with 37. A. improve B. improving C. to improve 38. Singing B. sing C. sings 39. A clear B. clearly C. clearlier 40. A. was B. are C. were,1）整个大题共10个小题，几乎每个小题的答案都与上下文无关。设计者忽视了完形填空题型主要用来考查学生在阅读过程中综合运用语言知识的能力的特点，没有利用所给材料中的信息和线索，进行设空，把完形填空用于传统的语法和词汇考查； 2）本题在首句中挖空，与命制完形填空题的原则不符；,09年成都 A Mr. Black and Mr. White were famous artists in a city. They painted many beautiful pictures and their pictures were 46 in the city. But they tried to see who could paint 47 . One day they asked an old man to 48 who was the number one artist by their pictures. Mr. Black painted 49 . Soon the birds came and tried to eat the apples. Then they went to Mr. Whites house. There was 50 but a red beautiful curtain on the wall. The old man tried to lift the curtain, but he found it was picture by Mr. White. 46. A. poor B. popular C. boring 47. A. well B. better C. best 48. A. describe B. draw C. decide 49. A. an apple tree B. a pear tree C. a banana tree 50. A. nothing B. anything C. something,从单项填空和完形填空过去主要用于考查语言知识的题型的变化，可以看出近年来，我市中考试题知识立意到能力立意的渐变。单纯考查语言知识的试题比重的逐渐减少和能力考查层次的提高，对英语教学和复习都提出了更高的要求。这就要求复习时，既要重视语言知识的正确性，更要重视语言内容的逻辑性。 而在阅读理解、汉译英等其他题型中，又逐渐增加了主观性的考查试题。,阅读理解,课程标准对初中毕业生英语阅读技能的主要要求是：（1）能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；（2）能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；（3）能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事的发展和可能的结局；（4）能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；（5）能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息。,近年新题型,在所读文章挖空，填入句子。 该题型为教育部考查阅读理解的推荐题型，主要考查： （2）能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；学生需要了解作者是怎样组织其观点和材料；文章的结构，句子与句子之间的关系。,“Learning a language is easy. Even a child can do it!” Most adults who are learning a second would agree with this. For them, learning a language is a very difficult task. 1 But learning a language is easier for children. Language teachers often offer advice to language learners: “Read as much as you can in the new language.” “Practice speaking the language every day.” “Live with the persons who speak the language.” But what does a successful language learner do? 2 Successful language learning is active learning. The successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language. 3 They will try any way to communicate. 4 They are energetic in language learning because they know clearly why they learn a language. Successful language learners work hard in language practice. 5 Are you successful in language learning? If it is less successful, you should do well to try the above ways.,A. Successful language learners are learners with purpose. B. They need much time to study and practice, and even sometimes they dont get good results. C. They try every chance to listen more, speak more, read more and write more. D. They find people who speak the language and ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. E. Language learning research show that successful language learners are similar in some ways.,“Learning a language is easy. Even a child can do it!” Most adults who are learning a second language would not agree with this. For them, learning a language is a very difficult task. They need much time to study and practice, and even sometimes they dont get good results. But learning a language is easier for children.,Language teachers often offer advice to language learners: “Read as much as you can in the new language.” “Practice speaking the language every day.” “Live with the persons who speak the language.” But what does a successful language learner do? Language learning research show that successful language learners are similar in some ways.,Successful language learning is active learning. The successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language. They find people who speak the language and ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. They will try any way to communicate.,Successful language learners are learners with purpose. They are energetic in language learning because they know clearly why they learn a language. Successful language learners work hard in language practice. They try every chance to listen more, speak more, read more and write more.,1. 其中，空1、空3和空5所缺句子对上句进行补充说明； 2. 空2前的问题为主题句，所缺句则回答上文所提问题，并说明下文将说明Successful language learners的几种学习方式。 3. 空4所缺句中with purpose 和下文中 know why 相互照应。,阅读短文，补全信息。 Cars are very important in the life of the Americans. Without a car most American people would feel that they are poor. And even if a person is poor, he doesnt really feel poor when he has a car. Henry Ford was the man who started making cars in large numbers. He probably didnt know how much cars would affect the American culture. Cars have made the United States a nation on wheels. And it has helped to make the United States what is today.,Why are cars so important in the American society? The USA is a large country and the Americans like to move around in it. Making a trip in a car is comfortable and cheap. With a car people can go to any place without spending a lot of money. In the United States, the government has never really developed a public transportation which is both fast and cheap. Long distance trains have never been as common as they are some other parts of the world. Nowadays, it is very convenient for the Americans to make a trip by plane. But it is expensive. In the United States, people dont like to wait for a bus, or a train or even a plane. They dont like to have to follow an exact timetable. A car gives them the freedom to plan their own time. And this is the freedom that the Americans want most to have.,However, the Americans are also facing a big problem: it is hard to get enough gas for cars. But the answer will not be a big system of public transportation. The real solution will have to be a new kind of car which doesnt use so much gas.,Para.1 The 6. importance of cars in the life of the Americans. Para2. The author gives us 7. three reasons why cars are important in the United States. 1) Making a trip by car is comfortable and cheap. 2) The American government cannot provide 8. a public transportation which is both fast and cheap. 3) The Americans 9.dont like follow an exact timetable in their life. Para. 3 Problems for the Americans: There isnt enough gas for cars. The authors suggestions: 10 to develop a new kind of cars which uses less gas,本题重点考查学生对段落主旨大意的理解能力和对语言的概括能力。 1. Cars are important The importance of cars 2. Why cars are so important？ reasons why 3. dont like to follow more general than wait for,思维训练,选择11机构紧凑的短文； 2. 在学生理解短文大意后，引导学生分析短文的结构； 阅读测试对学生思维能力要求的提高说明当前的考试对语言学习的新理念：即语言学习和思维训练，形式和内容之间的关系问题。,2010年成都市中考新题型,用所给的短语和单词翻译句子。 优势： 主观性更强，试题的效度更大； 可以避免学生机械记忆教材所有短语的现象； 有利于考查学生的真实语言能力。,但由于学生试题的答案可以多种，这给阅卷时对试题评定带来一定的困难，造成试题信度较低的问题。 同时该类试题对句子基本结构的掌握有了更高的要求。故在复习时更需要加强遣词造句能力的培养。,5地震给我们造成了极大困难，但我们有信心克服这些困难。 The earthquake has caused great difficulties to us, but we are confident to get over them.,2010年中考英语复习策略,三轮复习法： 第一轮: 基础复习 第二轮: 专项复习 第三轮: 模拟训练,第一轮:基础知识复习 复习方式：按教材顺序，复习；采用课内课外结合，讲解和提问结合，辅以听、说、读、写活动。 复习目标：使所学知识系统化，模糊知识清晰化，为解决专项问题打基础。 复习措施：熟记或背诵重点对话和短文，听写单词、短语，挑选重点话题进行写作练习，每周进行一、两次听力练习、检测。,在基础知识复习时，可根据教材，从七年级到九年级系统复习所学知识点。 1. 合理分配时间； 2. 采用大单元复习模式； 3. 重点复习单词、短语和句型，并通过句型的复习，复习语法。,短语和句型的复习可采用下面步骤： 1. 制定单词短语表，由学生自己复习、记忆、理解； 2. 课堂上，教师主要检查学生掌握的情况，并引导学生通过活用，加深对单词和短语的掌握。 3. 复习时可采用的活动：,互动：教师与学生或学生与学生之间 例：wear, have on, put on A: Wang！ Youre wearing a warm jacket. How long have you been wearing it? B: . A: Good! Wang has been wearing it for two days. It is cold these days, so she has it on for two days. Then when did you put it on this morning? Before you went out or soon after you got up? . 学生总结三个短语的异同。,2. 造句： 通过造句可让学生用单词和短语表达自己的思想，从而不仅加深理解，而且还可以提高其思维能力。 练习时鼓励学生： 1）使用刚复习的句型，把词汇复习与句型复 习结合起来； 2）结合当前发生的时事和经历。,例：improve v.t. & vi 1. The working condition needs improving. 2. Our lives have been improved. 3. He improves his English by working in group. 4. The workers saved are improving. They have begun to move about. 5. The ways to save the workers in danger have improved a lot.,第二轮：专项复习（语法和题型专项训练）,根据用教材教，而不是教教材的原则，对教材中出现的语法现象进行归纳总结，可以增加和删减。,复习内容：语法、话题、功能、词汇辨析、重点句型、中考题型及语篇结构分析。 复习方式：讲练结合，以学生为中心，教师答疑解惑，精讲精练。 复习目标：系统梳理初中阶段所学的语言知识，使之系统化，变知识为解决实际问题的能力。 复习措施：研究并熟悉考纲/新课标及中考英语试卷题型，仔细地归纳小结，总体掌握所学知识。,1、代词 （人称、物主、不定） 2、名词 (复数、所有格) 3、形容词（比较级、最高级，辨析） 4、副词（比较级、最高级） 5、连词 （并列连词and, or, but, so, for, bothand, eitheror, neithernor, not only but also、 从属连词that, when, while, till, until, since, because, if, thoughalthough, sothat）,语法复习要点,语法复习要点,6、介词、介词短语 7、冠词 8、感叹句 9、反意疑问句 10、动词不定式 11、动词的各种时态（一般现在，一般过去，一般将来，现在进行，过去进行，现在完成。,12、宾语从句 13、状语从句（时间、条件） 14、被动语态（一般现在，过去，将来， 含有情态动词） 15、动词短语、动词理解 16、主谓一致 17、 情态动词 18、定语从句 19、 it 的用法 20、动词简单句的几种基本句型,常考的语法点,中考语法复习,防止简单的重复，避免面面俱到，避免讲得过细； 遵循精讲多练的原则 强化训练中考题型、考点,_ eraser on the desk is Li Mings. A. The B. A C. An,理清语法规则，也就是遣词造句的纲目。梳理一个很清晰的语法知识框架。提纲挈领地列出基本内容、重点和关键，进行梳理、归纳、总结出规律。,梳理,过去进行时： 句子结构及关键词: 肯定句 ： 主语was/were+动词的现在分词其他 否定句： 主语was/were not 动词的现在分词其他 疑问句 ： Was/Were + 主语 动词的现在分词其他 关键词：具体时间过去的时间状语 如：at ten oclock yesterday morning, at this time last Sunday等。,动词时态,He does his homework every day.（yesterday， tomorrow， now， at this time yesterday， for two hours， by two yesterday afternoon） 确定时态的变化，先机械，后灵活，还可以加上不同的人称和其它的动词词组进行操练。关键要学会学习，学会归纳。,以下词，常与do连用： can , could, may, must, need, had better, why not, make, have to, lets, see, hear, watch, notice, Will ( Would ) you please?,中考语法点归纳,以下词，常与to do连用 would like, want, begin, start, hope, decide, ask, wish, have something to do, tell, take time, its time, remember, forget, learn, teach, try, stop, plan, adj./疑问词后，take ,allow, encourage, warn, Its +形容词to do something, discuss, know, refuse, invite , get order, like, offer, lend, make up ones mind to do, set ones mind to do, enough, need,下面各词，常与doing连用。 finish, like, enjoy, mind, keep, be busy, do some, go doing, prevent, be worth, spend, practice, feel like, thank somebody for doing something ,stop, cant help, preferto,look forward to，hate, mention, have fun doing 介词：at, in , on, of , from, for, about, with, without, make a contribution to, be used to, hear, see, watch, notice, listen,名词