动词不定时(修改课件定稿).ppt

,非谓语动词,The Non-predicative Verbs,备考复习课件,2013 12. 2,时态 语态,基本 用法,练习,考点 重难点,I want to read a book written by the woman living there.,to read,written,living,仔细观察下面的句子都有哪些动词,非 谓 语 动 词,动名词,分 词,不定式,现在分词,过去分词, 抽象 习惯性,主动、进行、令人的,被动、完成、感到的,表将来 、表目的 表某一次具体的动作,充当除谓语动词以外的各种句子成分,第四步：分析时态,第一步：辨别“谓与非谓”,第二步：找非谓语的逻辑主语,第三步：判断语态,非谓语的“有法可依”,Task 1,Task 2,Task 3,第一步：谓与非谓,There are nine planets _ around the sun, and the earth _ one of them. moving; being B. moving; is C. move; being D. moved; is,Back,不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由“to+动词原形”(to do)构成,动词不定式有动词和名词的特征。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语等成分，但不能单独作谓语。,不定式,一般式 完成式 进行式,主动语态 被动语态,to do to be done to have done to have been done to be doing,时态,语态,To do that sort of thing is foolish。,I want to see you this evening.,All you have to do is to finish it quickly.,We found a house to live in.,She came here to study English.,I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,一、用法,不定式的语法功能,（1） 作主语,To talk with him is a great pleasure.,一般情况下，不定式（短语） 作主语时， 通常用形式主语“it” 代替,It is a great pleasure to talk with him.,To see one time is better than to hear a hundred times. To persevere means victory! To see is to believe.,* It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do eg: It is brave of him to save the girl in the water. 常用的形容词有：kind, nice, good, brave, clever, wise, stupid, foolish, honest, careless, cruel, generous etc. 以上在动词不定式前的for sb.或of sb都可看成它的逻辑主语。 *It is +adj.+for sb.(用宾格) +to do eg.1: It is not difficult for us to learn English well. 常用的形容词有：difficult, wonderful, meaningful, painful, useful,不定式的逻辑主语： of（品质） / for （性质） sb. to do,注意,*1、动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用 第三人称单数形式。例如,To get there by car takes a whole day. To make a plan for our future is important.,1. 散步是锻炼的一种好方法。 2. 教这些孩子是我今天下午的工作。,Walking is a good form of exercise.,To teach these children is my job this afternoon.,III. 动名词和不定式作主语的区别,总结: 不定式和动名词作主语的区别,to do作主语时常表示某一次具体的动作, 具有偶然性; doing(动名词)表示习惯性的动作, 往往表 抽象概念。 注意: 该规则同样适用于作宾语, 表语. 比如: like to do / like doing,Practice -What do you think made Mary so upset? -_ her new bike. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing,C,I want to go home. The workers demanded to get better pay. I found it necessary to talk to him again.,1.常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：ask, agree, afford, choose, decide, determine, expect, decide, hope, like, learn, offer, pretend, prefer, plan, want, wish, refuse, manage,作宾语,2.主语+谓语+疑问代词/疑问副词+动词不定式 要求when, how, whether, where, which, what,who (whom)等+to +V做宾语的动词有： know, tell, teach, explain, discuss, consider, discover, guess, observe, find out, understand, wonder,I dont know what to do. Where to go. Whom to ask. When to stop. How to get there Which one to buy Which one to buy Whether to laugh at or cry When I heard the words （注）在此句型中，if 不能代替whether ，疑问副词why 不能和不定式在一起做宾语用于该句型。,如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语， 则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面， 例如： He found it important to study the situation in Russia. 能带形式宾语的动词还有 think,believe,feel,consider,make等。,构成think/ consider/ find it + adj. to do,He agreed here, but so far he hasnt turned up yet Ahaving met Bmeeting Cto meet Dto have met,高考回顾,不定式动词在介词 but, except, 后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do 的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to, 否则要带to.,1) She could do nothing but cry.,2) I have no choice but to go.,(3) He desired nothing but to succeed.,(4) The windows were opened except to air the room for a few minutes in the morning.,介词. But/ except/ besides+to do或+do句型 (1) He desired nothing but to succeed. (2) He did nothing but cry. (3) Mary did nothing except clean the dishes (4) The windows were opened except to air the room for a few minutes in the morning. (5) That afternoon I had nothing to do besides answer. （注）在这些介词前无实意动词 do ，后跟不定式。如有实意动词 do ，则跟动词原形,3.某些及物动词：forget, mean remember, regret, try, go on, 等可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语，但表达的意思不同,I forget to bring my homework.,I forget opening the windows.,I mean “I didnt bring my homework.”,I mean “I have opened the windows.”,go on to do接着做 (与原来不同的事) go on doing 继续做 (原来所做的事),mean to do 意欲 / 打算 / 想要干 mean doing 意味着/ 意思是 I dont mean to hurt you. Doing morning exercise means getting up early.,be sure to do 一定会 be sure of doing 确信会 Tom is sure to pass the exam.(说话人的看法, 认为Tom 一定会考试通过.) Tom is sure of passing the exam. ( Tom 对自己通过考试很有把握.),stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing停止做某事,cant help ( to ) do 不能帮忙做 cant help doing 禁不住做,be afraid to do 不敢去做 be afraid of doing 害怕发生某事,5.及物动词want, need, require等，当其主语是“物”时，表示“需要”，常用动词不定式的被动式作宾语。 (=want,need,require+doing),Your bedroom needs to be cleaned. =Your bedroom needs cleaning.,作宾语补足语,want, ask, tell, force, order, demand, require allow, permit, forbid, advise, persuade, encourage, 等词后面跟不定式作宾补,+sb to do sth,The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. I expect you to give me some help.,2) 用不带to的不定式作宾补的动词 sb. do sth. 在 “一感觉” “二听” “三使役” “五看” 后跟不定式做宾补时，通常省略 to。,feel,listen to,hear,let,make,have,see,look at,watch,notice,observe,但变为被动结构时，不定式符号 to 要加上。 We saw him play chess with the workers He was seen to play chess with the workers,动词不定式作宾补省略to,口诀 不定式省to十一个， 五“看”二“听”一“感觉”， 三个“使役”紧挨着， 如若主动变被动， 符号to千万别省略。,The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting. A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up,高考回顾,Paul doesnt have to be made He always works hard Alearn Bto learn Clearned Dlearning,高考回顾,（3） 作表语（表将来时）,My plan is to finish the experiment on time.,doing 表习惯性动作； to do表将来一次性性动作 My wish is to become a scientist. My job is cleaning the streets.,（5）作定语 动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词 或代词后。 I have a meeting to attend. 注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如： He found a good house to live in. The child has nothing to worry about. Do you have a pen to write with ?,非谓语动词做定语时，请特别注意下列情况 当非谓语动词与修饰的 词与词之间是被动关系时，有三种情况 1指过去发生的动作时，用过去分词做定语 The question discussed is of great importance. 2指正在发生的动作时，用现在分词被动态定语 The question being discussed is of great importance. 3.指将来发生的动作时，用不定式被动态做定语 The question to be discussed tomorrow is of great importance.,作状语1)表示目的 the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. (08湖南) ACompleting BComplete CCompleted DTo complete 2 late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm(NMET2001春) ATo sleep BSleeping CSleep DHaving slept,To master a foreign language,_. A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs a lot of practice C. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice,高考回顾,(only to do sth.)表示一个相反或出乎意料的结果。 He hurried to the booking office only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out.(06陕西),作状语2)表示结果,3)表示原因 I am sorry to hear your mother is ill.,作状语,Part Two 不定式的变化形式,结构 : to do / not to do,二. 时态与语态,不定式,to do,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been done,to have been doing,-,-,(一般式表示将要发生的动作） （有时),Im glad to meet you. To say something is one thing, to do it is another.,In order to catch the first bus, we got up very early.,1.to do ( 一般式),2.to be doing ( 进行式),Listen! They seem to be quarrelling.,2) When we were talking about him, he happened to be standing nearby.,动词不定式所表示动作和谓语的动作同时进行,The boy pretended _ his homework when the teacher came in. A. do B. to do C. to be doing D. doing,不定式的完成式，表示动作在谓语动作之前发生。如： I am sorry to have given you so much trouble,3.to have done (完成式),总结：不定式的时态 He is said to study abroad next year. He is said to be studying abroad now. He is said to have studied for three years / last year.,不定式的被动语态,句子主语是不定式动作的承受者 * Such people are to be respected. * Im glad to be invited. My plan is said to be being discussed at the meeting. He seems to have been told everything,不定式主动形式表被动意义的情况： 主语 + 系动词 + 形容词. +不定式 Your house is difficult to find. Books are heavy to carry. The chair is very comfortable to sit on. He is pleasant to work with. English is easy to learn. I find English easy to learn.,2) . 当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语。 不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词的宾语时 We have a lot of work to do. We have a lot of meetings to attend. He has a large family to support. She only has a small room to live in . I know what to expect. I dont know what to do next.,不定式的省略,The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him _ Anot to Bnot to do Cnot do it Ddo not to,高考回顾,如果句子前面已出现过同样的动词，为避免重复，句子后面的不定式应省略动词原形及其后续部分，只保留不定式符号 to。如： Will you join me in a walk？ Ill be glad to （to后省略了.） Youd better give a performance if the students should ask you to. （to后省去了 ),如果不定式有be或 have时，be 或 have 常保留: -Is there a shop nearby? -No, but there used to be. -Hasnt he finished writing the report? -No,but he ought to have.,Will you join me in a walk？ Ill be glad to Youd better give a performance if the students should ask you to. -Is there a shop nearby? -No, but there used to be. -Hasnt he finished writing the report? -No, but he ought to have.,不定式符号to的省略 1.在同一结构中若有两个并列的不定式，一般可省略后一个不定式前的 to。如： She didnt know whether to laugh or cry It has no choice but to lie down and sleep. 但也有时为了强调两者对比，后一个不定式就不宜省去to。如： Its better to laugh than to cry 2.在 can not but, do nothing but/except, can not choose but 结构之后. He has nothing to do but wait .,总结：不定式的省略 如果句子前面已出现过同样的动词，为避免重复，只保留不定式符号 to。 如果不定式有be或 have时，be 或 have 常保留.,第二步：找非谓语的逻辑主语,一、作定语时，被修饰的词是逻辑主语 二、作状语时，句子的主语是逻辑主语 三、作宾语补足语时，宾语是逻辑主语,Back,第三步：判断语态 在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。,Finding her car stolen, _. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly C. It was looked for everywhere D. She h