2019年高中英语Unit5NelsonMandelaamodernheroSectionⅡWarmingUp.docx

Section Warming Up & Reading Language Points一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1.quality n质量；品质；性质2.mean adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的3.found vt. 建立；建设4.stage n. 舞台；阶段；时期5.vote vt.& vi. 投票；选举n. 投票；选票；表决6.attack vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击.拓展词汇1.active adj.积极的；活跃的actively adv.积极地activity n活动2.devote vt.献身；专心于devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的devotion n热爱；献身；奉献3.peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的peacefully adv.和平地peace n和平；平静；和睦4.guidance n指导；领导guide v指导；带领5.hopeful adj.怀有希望的；有希望的hope n希望；愿望6.violence n暴力；暴行violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的violently adv.猛烈地7.equal adj.相等的；平等的equality n平等；相等equally adv.同样地；相等地；公平地1.反义记忆fairunfair adj.不公正的willingunwilling adj. 不乐意的legalillegal adj. 非法的selfishselfless adj. 无私的；忘我的hopefulhopeless adj. 无望的2.对比记忆foundfoundedfounded 建立findfoundfound 发现3.“人物特点”的形容词集锦mean 吝啬的；自私的generous 慷慨的easygoing 随和的confident 有信心的devoted 有献身精神的warmhearted 热心肠的determined 意志坚定的honest 诚实的二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.out_of_work失业2as_a_matter_of_fact 事实上3blow_up 使充气；爆炸4in_trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中5turn_to 求助于；致力于6be_grateful_for 对感激7fight_against 与作斗争8be_willing_to_do_sth. 乐意做某事1.work as a doctor从事医生工作2fight for his country 为他的祖国而战3be free from the UK 脱离英国4in a peaceful way 以和平方式5land on the moon 登陆月球6be generous with 对慷慨7answer violence with violence 以暴制暴8put sb. in/into prison 把某人送进监狱9give up a rich life 放弃富有的生活10achieve ones dream 实现梦想三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。This is/was a time when .这是一个时期。This_is_a_time_when almost everyone wants to be famous.这是一个几乎人人都想出名的时代。2.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。see在此处的主语为物，意为“见证；目睹”，是一种拟人的用法，可使语言变得生动。where引导定语从句修饰先行词stage, case, point等。The old temple has_seen_great_changes of the village in the past two hundred years.这座古庙见证了过去二百年里这个村庄的巨大变迁。Now their talks have reached a key stage where_one_side_must_give_in_to the other.现在他们的谈判达到一方必须屈服于另一方的关键地步。3.We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful.首先我们用和平的方式来破坏法律。which引导定语从句，修饰先行词way并在从句中作主语。He offered some ways that/which_worked very well in practice.他提供了一些办法，这些办法在实践中很有效。4. only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。only引导副词状语或状语从句放在句首时，句子用部分倒装。Only_then_did_I_realize that I was wrong.直到那时我才意识到自己错了。1(教材P33)And what qualities does a great person have?而且一个伟人具有什么样的品质？quality n质量；品质；性质of good/high/poor quality质量好的/高的/差的in quality 在质量方面He has many good qualities, but his best quality is his kindness.他有许多良好的品质，而最好的品质是为人善良。As a matter of fact, air in many cities is of poor quality.事实上，许多地区的空气质量很差。There is no difference in_quality between these goods.在质量方面，这些货物不会有区别。2mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的 vt.意指；意味着(1)adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的；刻薄的be mean with sth. 对某物吝啬be mean to sb. 对某人刻薄In my opinion, that is a mean thing to do.依我看来，那是一件很卑鄙的事情。The rich boss who is usually mean to his workers is very mean with money.那位富有的老板通常对他的工人很刻薄，他对钱非常吝啬。(2)vt.意指；意味着；意思是mean to do sth.打算做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事Im terribly sorry, but I didnt mean to_upset (upset) your plan.真对不起，但我并非有意打乱你的计划。Bob is determined to get a seat for the concert even though it means standing (stand) in line all night for the ticket.鲍勃决心要买到音乐会的票，即使那意味着整夜站着排队。3(教材P33)A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.一位伟人是能够将自己的生命奉献于帮助他人的人。devote vt.献身；专心于(常与介词to连用)(1)devote . to .把奉献给；把专注于devote oneself to 致力于；献身于(2)devoted adj. 深爱的；忠诚的be devoted to 专心于；致力于(3)devotion n. 关爱；奉献As we all know, hes a generous, devoted, active and warmhearted man.众所周知，他是一个慷慨大方、忠诚、积极又热心的人。I dont think we should devote any more time to persuading (persuade) such a stubborn man to change his mind.我认为我们不应该再花时间来说服这么顽固的一个人改变主意。He is so devoted to his English teaching that I admire him for his devotion.(devote)他如此深爱他的英语教学，以至于我对他的奉献感到敬佩。4(教材P34)Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.当时黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择他们的领导人。vote vt.& vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决vote for投票支持vote against 投票反对vote on 投票表决vote to do sth. 表决做某事Whether you vote for or against the plan doesnt seem to matter very much.你是赞成还是反对这项计划看上去似乎不重要。Our family vote to_turn (turn) to the lawyer for help.我们家人表决同意向律师求助。As we cant agree on this matter, lets have a vote on it.对于这个问题我们无法达成一致意见，投票表决吧。5(教材P34)We chose to attack the laws.我们选择向法律进攻。attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击n.攻击；进攻；病情发作(1)under attack遭到攻击make an attack 攻击a heart attack 心脏病突发(2)attack sb. 攻击/抨击某人be attacked with 患病The old man suffered a heart attack yesterday.这位老人昨天心脏病发作了。What will you do if you are under attack? Would you like to make an attack on those who attack you?你受到袭击时会怎么做呢？你会向袭击你的人发起攻击吗？The judge said that it was not legal to_attack (attack) other people with violence.法官说用暴力攻击别人是不合法的。Hearing her mother was_attacked (attack) with cancer, the girl burst out crying.听到她的母亲患了癌症，这个女孩突然大哭起来。6(教材P34)As a matter of fact, I do not like violence . but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings.事实上，我并不喜欢暴力但是在1963年的时候，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。as a matter of fact 事实上；实际上As a matter of fact, it was useless for him to explain in that situation.事实上，他在那种情况下解释是无用的。I thought the work would be difficult. As_a_matter_of_fact,_its very easy.我原以为这项工作会很难，事实上却很容易。名师点津“事实上；实际上”的多种表达法：in fact, actually, in reality。blow up 使充气；爆炸There were a few cracks in the pipe. It burst and blew up suddenly last night.管道上有几处裂缝，昨天晚上它突然破裂并爆炸了。The enemy had planned to blow_up_the_bridge,_but failed at last.敌人原计划炸掉大桥，但最终失败了。My bike tyres need blowing_up.我的自行车胎需要打气了。7(教材P34)But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这会帮助我们实现黑人和白人平等的梦想。equal adj.相等的；平等的；胜任的vt.比得上；敌得过n.平等的人(1)be equal to 等于be equal to sth./doing sth. 胜任做某事(2)A equals B in sth. A在某方面比得上B(3)without equal 无与伦比；无敌(4)equally adv. 同样地；平等地As far as I know, he is quite equal to the job.据我所知，他完全有能力胜任这项工作。His paintings are without equal in the Western world.他的画在西方世界首屈一指。No one can equal her in dancing.论跳舞，没有人能比得上她。8(教材P35)Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.伊莱亚斯在有麻烦时去见纳尔逊曼德拉。in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中ask for trouble自找麻烦；自寻烦恼get into trouble 陷入困境make trouble 惹是生非；制造麻烦have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难take the trouble to do sth. 不辞辛劳地做某事Although Mike was in trouble, he didnt lose heart.迈克虽然遇到了麻烦，但他并没有灰心。We should lend a hand to those people in_trouble.我们应该帮助那些处于困境中的人。Do you have any trouble finishing (finish) the work on time?你按时完成这项工作有困难吗？The soldiers took the trouble to_rescue (rescue) the workers trapped in the mine.士兵们不辞辛劳地营救被困在矿井中的工人。9(教材P35)Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?为什么纳尔逊曼德拉会使用暴力来使黑人和白人平等？turn to 求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向；从事于写出下列句中turn to的含义Please turn to the police for help when you are in trouble.求助于If you turn to Page 40, you will find it.翻页More and more people turn to computer science.从事于Their talk turned to the change that had happened.转向You shouldnt always turn to the dictionary when you meet new words in reading.查阅turn down关小；拒绝turn in 上交turn on 打开(水、煤气、电灯等)turn off 关上(水、煤气、电灯等)turn out 结果是；证明是；生产出turn up 开大；出现He said he was a doctor; but later he turned out to be a cheat.他说他是医生；后来证明他是个骗子。The meeting has already begun, but the chairman hasnt turned up yet.会议已开始，但是主席还没出现。1However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。(1)This is/was a time when .这是一个的时期(2)There was a time when . 曾有一段时间This was a time when the two countries were at war.那个时候这两个国家正在进行一场战争。There_was_once_a_time_when women were not allowed to go to school.曾经有一段时间，妇女不被允许去上学。2The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。(1)see在此处的主语为物，意为“见证；目睹”，是一种拟人的用法，可使语言变得生动。see, find等动词表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事，可以使用一个无生命的名词作主语的句式。The stone bridge saw many changes of this city.这座石桥见证了这个城市的诸多变化。The past 30 years have_seen (see) the great changes that have taken place in my hometown.过去30年我的家乡发生了很大变化。The_dusk_found a little girl crying in the street.黄昏时，一个小女孩在街上哭。(2)句中where引导定语从句，先行词为stage。当先行词是point, situation, stage, condition和case等表示抽象地点的名词，且引导词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句常用where来引导。We just hope to reach a point where both sides will sit down and talk together.我们只是希望达到双方能坐下来一起谈判的地步。You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.你可能遇到一种情况，使你不得不立刻作出决定。Today, well discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.今天我们将讨论一些关于英语初学者不能正确使用英语的情况。3.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。在英语句子中，为了表示强调，把“only状语(副词/介词短语/从句)”置于句首，主句要用部分倒装形式，即把主句中的助动词、情态动词或系动词提到主语前面。Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise. 昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他，这对他真是一个令人吃惊的消息。Only by practising papercutting more can_you_learn the folk art.(2017全国卷书面表达)只有通过多练习剪纸，你才能掌握这门民间艺术。Only when I left my parents for Italy did_I_realize how much I loved them.只有当我离开父母去意大利时我才意识到我多么爱他们。名师点津若only修饰主语，即使在句首也不倒装。Only she can finish the work in an hour.只有她能在一小时内完成这个工作。.单句语法填空1Our hometown has_seen (see) a lot of changes in recent years.2Dont walk alone in the street after dark, or you may get attacked (attack)3According to the law, women shall enjoy the equal (equally) right to vote in our country.4Its helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.5There was once a time when women had no right to vote.6He was put into prison because he blew up some government buildings in South Africa.7He is devoted to the research and his devotion to the work leads to his success.(devote)8Great people have lots of good qualities (quality), such as honesty, selflessness and independence.9People voted against Henry who often tells lies.10Missing the first bus means waiting (wait) for another hour.句型转换1The Peoples Republic of China was founded on October 1st, 1949.October 1st, 1949 saw the founding of the Peoples Republic of China.2I knew an accident happened to him only when he told me about it.Only when he told me about it did_I_know an accident happened to him.3Can you think out a situation? This word can be used in the situation.Can you think out a situation where_this_word_can_be_used?4Whenever Bob has difficulties, he will ask me for help.Whenever Bob is_in_trouble,_he will turn_to me for help.5In fact, I was the one who broke the window.As_a_matter_of_fact,_I was the one who broke the window.一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高.单词拼写1The woman is too mean (吝啬的) to make a donation.2You must try to improve the quality (质量) of all your goods.3Do you know when the government was founded (成立)?4She takes a(n) active (积极的) part in school life.5All people are equal (平等的), having the same rights as each other.6I was a fairly good football player in my youth (青年时期)7China is playing an important role on the international political stage (舞台)8We must follow the principle (原则) that education should be fair to everyone.9It does serious harm to childrens character that too much violence (暴力) is shown on television.10Bill is a generous (大方的) person, who has given millions of dollars to help those people in the disasterhit area.单句语法填空1I think you should settle your problem in a peaceful (peace) way. Fighting cant solve any problems.2He offered guidance (guide) to the poor people on their legal rights.3Its illegal (legal) to read peoples private letters without permission.4The lawyer is willing (will) to help those in trouble.5The money was divided equally (equal) among her four children.6We all know that everybody likes to work with whoever is reliable (rely) and easy to get on with.7Nowadays many school children devote too much time to playing (play) computer games.8Founded (found) in last century, the church has a history of about 90 years.9Amy had great trouble making (make) up her mind to send her daughter to go abroad.10There was once a time when black people were treated badly.选词填空in trouble， as a matter of fact， under attack， out of work， vote for， turn to， blow up， be equal to1He didnt obey the rules of the company, so he is out_of_work now.2You might think we are close friends. As_a_matter_of_fact,_I dont know the person who spoke to me just now.3In modern society, many people often turn_to the Internet for help when they run into problems.4I think he should be given the position because he is_equal_to it.5He was very happy when many supporters voted_for him.6Miss Zhou, a warmhearted and helpful lady, always helps those who are in_trouble.7The General commanded the soldiers to blow_up the bridge before the enemies came.8When an animal is under_attack,_it can run away or fight back.课文语法填空Elias was a poor black worker. The time 1.when he first met Nelson Mandela was 2.a very difficult period of his life. Nelson Mandela offered 3.guidance (guide) to poor black people on their legal problems. Elias was not at school for long, for his family could not afford his school fees and the bus fare. When he 4.was_worried (worry) about whether he would be out of work because he didnt have one passbook, Nelson Mandela told him what to do. That day was one of Elias 5.happiest (happy) days in his life. Later, Elias joined the ANC Youth League 6.organized (organize) by Nelson Mandela. In 1963, Elias helped Mandela 7.(to)_blow (blow) up some government buildings. It was very dangerous 8.but Elias was happy because he thought 9.it would help them achieve their dream of making black and white people 10.equal (equality).串点成篇微表达她一直热爱(be devoted to)自己的工作，虽然现在有些麻烦(in trouble)。然而，他根据既定原则(principle)处理了那个问题。事实上(as a matter of fact)，她特别胜任(be equal to)这份工作，因为在设计方面没人能比得上她(equal her in designing)。也许有一天她会失业(out of work)，但她不会向任何人求助(turn to)。She_has_been_devoted_to_her_work_though_she_is_in_trouble_now._However,_he_dealt_with_the_problem_on_principle._As_a_matter_of_fact,_she_is_quite_equal_to_the_job,_because_no_one_can_equal_her_in_designing._She_may_be_out_of_work_someday,_but_she_will_never_turn_to_anybody.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧.完形填空The whole school was talking about the coming trip at a winter camp. And everyone was _1_， except me.“Ill hate it，” I told my parents.“Ill get homesick (想家的). Ill look stupid at winter sports, and everyone will _2_ me.”“You might be surprised, Bree，” said Mom.“The only way to find out is to _3_.”“Its what growing up is all about，” Dad added.When _4_ the camp, we were asked to share one _5_.“Im afraid Ill be homesick，” someone said.I wasnt the only one？！ I began to _6_. After lunch, we were asked to ski (滑雪) down to the field. I skied _7_， but I still hit a piece of ice and _8_.“Ha! Ha！” Behind me, somebody started laughing. I _9_ to see who was making fun of me.To my _10_， I saw a girl in the same awkward (尴尬的) position I was in.“I thought Id be bad at this, _11_ Im worse than I expected！” she said._12_， I started laughing too. After being so _13_ of falling, it was a comfort not to fear it anymore.At dinnertime, I was so happy to be talking about interesting things that I _14_ to feel homesick.The next day, I was _15_ to try ski jumping first, even though I didnt want to. But when my feet left the ground, I felt I was _16_ and it was wonderful.Maybe Dad was right when he said “You might _17_ it if you give it a chance！”Maybe the kind of _18_ Mom and Dad were talking about had more to do with my outlook (态度) than my looks. We all _19_ fitting in and failing when we try _20_ things. Sometimes youve got to fall on your face to discover how much youve got in common.语篇解读：本文是记叙文。在成长过程中我们或许会害怕尝试新事物，或许会害怕失败，然而，这些都是成长的必经阶段。在此过程中，我们需要以积极向上的态度来面对这一切。1A.strangeBexcitedCnervous Dsad解析：选B根据该空后的“except me”和“Ill hate it”可知，其他人都很“兴奋(excited)”，然而作者不想去冬令营。2A.laugh at Bwait forCspeak to Dtalk about解析：选A根据前半句“Ill look stupid at winter sports”可知，由于作者不擅长冬季运动项目，因此害怕别人会“笑话(laugh at)”她。3A.change BdreamCtry Dmove解析：选C作者的妈妈鼓励作者自己去“尝试(try)”。4.A.searching for Barriving atCmaking up Dreturning to解析：选B根据文章首句中的“the coming trip at a winter camp”可知，此处指“到达(arriving at)”营地。5A.story BfactCpurpose Dfear解析：选D根据下一句中的“Im afraid Ill be homesick”可知，大家分享一件“害怕的事(fear)”。6A.relax BaskCeat Dsleep解析：选A作者一开始担心自己会想家，担心会被别人笑话，因此听到别人说想家时，她开始“放心(relax)”了。7A.finally BinterestinglyCcarefully Dquickly解析：选C根据上文中的“Ill look stupid at winter sports”可知，由于作者不擅长冬季体育运动，因此她“小心翼翼地(carefully)”滑雪。8A.went out Bfell downCran away Dgave up解析：选B根据该空前的“I still hit a piece of ice”可知，作者撞到一块冰上，“摔倒了(fell down)”。9A.looked back Bstood upCwalked around Dstepped over解析：选A根据上一句“Behind me, somebody started laughing.”可知，有人在作者身后发出笑声，因此作者“朝身后看去(looked back)”，想知道究竟是谁在笑。10A.shame BregretCpleasure Dsurprise解析：选D根据该空后的“I saw a girl in the same awkward (尴尬的)