机械制造常用词汇汇总

机械制造常用词汇1. 工程材料Engineering materials1） 金属材料的力学特性mechanical properties强度Strength塑性plasticity硬度 hardness韧性Toughness屈服强度 Yield strength抗拉强度 Tensile strength布氏硬度Brinell hardness洛氏硬度 Rockwell hardness维氏硬度 Vickers hardness2) 常用工程材料Common Engineering Materials普通低合金general structure low-alloy steel易切钢Automatic Steel渗碳钢 carburized steel调质钢Hardened And Tempered Steel弹簧钢 spring steel滚动轴承钢 Rolling bearings Steel碳素钢Carbon steel合金钢Alloy Steel灰铸钢 cast gray steel球墨铸钢ductile cast steel可煅铸钢Casting, malleable iron铜合金Copper alloy铝合金aluminium alloy刀具钢Cutlery Steel模具钢 Die Steel量具钢 gauge steel合金工具钢alloy tool steel不锈钢 stainless steel耐热钢 refractory steel耐磨钢 Abrasion-Resistant Steel特殊钢 special steel粉末冶金powder metallurgy硬质合金 Hard alloy2. 钢的热处理工艺Heat treatment完全退火fullannealing球化退火spheroidizing annealing去应力退火stressrelievingannealing退火annealing正火normalizing淬火quenching回火tempering表面淬火surface quenching渗碳carburization渗氮nitriding3. 常用机床machine tool卧式车床 Lathes, horizontal单轴立式车床 single column vertical lathe台式车床 bench lathe立式车床 Lathes, vertical摇臂车床 radial lathe单臂刨床 open-side planing machine插床 Slotting machines龙门刨床Planing machine卧式升降台铣床horizontal lifting platform milling machine立式升降台铣床lifting platform milling machine龙门铣床 planer-type milling machine滚齿机gear hobbing machine外圆磨床External cylindrical grinding machines内圆磨床internal cylindrical grinding machine平面磨床surface grinder拉床 broaching machine插齿机gear shaper 4. 数控机床Computerized Numerical Control数控车床 CNC lathes数控洗床 CNC milling machine加工中心 CNC Machining Center轴联动加工机床 axes linkage machine tool复合加工机床 composite machine tool5. 刀具cutter硬质合金焊接式车刀carbide welded cutter机夹式车刀 Turning tools车刀 lathe tool成形车刀formed turning tool 铣刀Milling cutter钻削钻头drill深孔钻deep-hole drill扩孔钻expanding drill， 锪钻countersink drill，铰刀reamer及镗刀boring tool孔加工复合刀具 combination cutting tool 孔加工刀具(piercing cutters)圆孔round花键spline键槽key groove推刀push broach 拉刀broaching 丝锥tap螺纹滚压工具 螺纹刀具chasing tool 齿轮刀具Gear Cutters 插齿刀gear shaper cutter 剃齿刀gear shaving cutter 齿轮滚刀gear hob 蜗轮滚刀worm hob 锥齿滚刀 自动线刀具automatic line cutter6 测量器具measuring instrument游标卡尺slide caliper千分尺micrometer calipers百分表dial indicator万能角度尺mullti-functional compasses塞尺Feeler gauges刀口形直尺Knife straight edge三坐标测量仪coordinate measuring machine7. 工件夹具fixtures and jigs斜楔夹紧机构螺旋夹紧机构偏心夹紧机构铰链夹紧机构定心夹紧机构联动夹紧机构机械增力机构8. 液压传动Hydraulic Power Transmission液压泵hydraulic pump液压马达hydraulic motor液压缸Hydraulic cylinder控制阀control valve辅助装置supplemental devices方向控制阀 direction control valve压力控制阀 pressure control valve流量控制阀 flow control valve滤油器oil filter油箱oil tank蓄能器Accumulator压力表开关pressure meter switch管道及管接头pipes & fittings9. 形位公差Geometrical Tolerance公差配合tolerance fit表面粗糙度Surface roughness表面形状和位置公差shape and position tolerance10. 机械零件 mechanical parts盘类轴类箱体类焊接类冲压类铸造类螺纹类11. 机械零件 mechanical parts凸轮Cam滚子roller棘轮ratchet螺栓bolt螺母nut螺钉bolt带轮平带flat beltV带 V belt圆形带circular belt同步带 timing belt链轮 sprocket wheel链条 chain滚子链boom chain齿轮gear直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear涡轮turbo涡杆Vortex bar齿轮箱Gear box减速器Reducer轴 axis曲轴Crank shaft传动轴Transmission Shaft平键flat key半圆键woodruff key花键spline轴承bearing滚动轴承Rolling Bearing滑动轴承plain bearing联轴器coupling刚性联轴器Rigid coupling扰性联轴器弹性联轴器Flexible coupling离合器clutch超越离合器free-wheeling clutch摩擦离合器Friction Clutches牙嵌式离合器Jaw clutch弹簧 spring圆柱螺旋弹簧Cylindrically helical spring盘簧coiled spring板弹簧Leaf spring12. 钳工工艺ocksmith划线錾削chopping锉削filing锯削scaling钻孔drilling扩孔counterbore锪孔counterbore铰孔reaming攻螺纹ensat threaded 套螺纹矫正和弯曲刮削gouging研磨polishing铆接rivet joint13. 装配工艺Assembly部件装配Assembly总装配 final assembly调整 adjust精度检验 precision inspection试车trial喷漆 spray-paint涂油annoit装箱 encase14. 特种加工 special process电火花加工 （EDM）Electric Discharge Machine电火花线切割加工 (WEDM) Wire cut Electrical Discharge Machining激光加工 (LBM) Laser Beam Machining超声清洗ultrasonic cleaning失蜡铸造investement casting低压铸造Low Pressure Casting压力铸造pressure casting金属铸造离心铸造centrifugal casting15. 铸造 casting手工造型 manual casting特种铸造 special casting16. 锻压forge and press自由锻造 free forge胎膜锻造 moulding forge17. 冲压 punching剪床shearing machine冲床 punching machine冲压设备punching equipments冲压工序punching processes冲裁gouging弯曲bending拉深（伸）stretching18. 焊接成形 welding熔焊 welding压焊pressure welding钎焊brazing/ soldering气焊gas welding气割gas cutting氩弧焊argon arc welding二氧化碳气体保护焊carbon dioxide arc welding(埋弧焊submerged arc welding电渣焊electroslag welding电阻焊resistance welding摩擦焊friction welding19. 钢铁零件表面预处理 pretreatment for steel parts磨光burnish抛光polish滚光除油degrease除锈derusting磷化phosphate20. 铝合金表面预处理 pretreatment for aluminum alloy 除油degrease去除氧化膜remove oxide film转化处理conversion treatment21. 塑料表面预处理 pretreatment for plastics退火anneal脱脂 degrease除尘，除静电 dust removal ; Destaticizing湿润和粗化 clouding & roughening镀锌 zinc plating镀铜 copper plating镀镍 nickel plating镀铬chromium plating22. 电镀 plating电镀单金属 single metal电镀合金 Alloy暗镍/半亮镍/光亮镍/装饰铬半亮镍/高硫镍/光亮镍/装饰铬半亮镍/光亮镍/应力镍/微裂纹铬半亮镍/高硫镍/光亮镍/封闭镍/微孔铬23. 电镀层检验 plating inspection外观 appearance结合力binding f