2018_2019学年高中英语Module1BasketballSectionⅣLanguagePointsⅡ.docx

Section Language Points （Cultural Corner & Other Parts）.Skim the text on Page 11 and match the main idea with each part.Part 1 (Paras.12)ATo prove the writers idea: A story happened in the basketball match.Part 2 (Para. 3) BTo introduce the safe sport：Basketball.Part 3 (Paras.47) CTo state the writers opinion：Basketball can be dangerous.答案：Parts 13BCA.Do the True (T) or False (F) according to the text on Page 11.1Basketball is one of the safest sports because the players are wellprotected. (F)2According to the writer, a typical basketball player would be tall and strong. (F)3The foul was caused by Sackler falling over Joe.(F)4The referee thought Sackler was badly injured because Joe ran into him. (F).单词拼写1The river flows parallel (平行的) with the main street in the village.2The sports shoes are a little expensive, but they can absorb (消减，缓冲) the impact on your ankles.3The plan to build a dam is highly controversial (有争议的) because the public fear that it may affect the environment.4The big house is perfectly adequate (足够的) for us. Why do you want to buy a bigger one?5The government took some effective measures in the first year, accelerating (加速) the growth of the economy.6Dont allow the computer to dominate (控制) your childrens life, even though it is of great use for them.7You can also obtain_ (得到) knowledge through practice. 8It is typical (典型的) of most new technologies that the younger generation is quick to adopt them. 9Our experiment confirms (证实) that your theory is completely wrong.10Though we weep (哭泣) through the night, joy will come in the morning.拓展词汇1popularity n流行；普及popular adj.流行的；普及的；受欢迎的2rely v信任；信赖reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的3selfish adj.自私的；自私自利的selfishness n自私selfless adj.无私的4nature n性格；本性；天性natural adj.自然的；本性的；本质的5appoint v任命；委派appointment n任命6commit v犯错误，罪行；承诺commitment n承诺；责任7bleed v(尤指因受伤而)流血，出血blood n血8considerate adj.体谅的，考虑周到的consider v考虑；认为consideration n考虑；斟酌9apologise v道歉；谢罪apology n道歉10frustration n挫折，失望frustrate v使受挫，使失望巧记单词词根词形变化构词点拨popularpopularity形容词加ity构成名词naturenatural名词去e加al构成形容词.补全短语1all the time一直2bring up 抚养；培养；教育3be rude to 对粗鲁4be used to 习惯于(某事物)5draw sb.s attention to 引起某人注意(某事物)6take possession of 占有，占据，拥有7attach .to . 把固定/粘/系在上8be based on 根据，以为基础1教材原句To do this, he told Yao to be more aggressive and, if necessary, to be rude to his teammates.要想做到这一点，他告诉姚明要更有闯劲，如果有必要的话，对队友粗鲁些。句型点拨if necessary“如果必要的话”。佳句赏析如果有必要的话，我将请假陪你一起去青岛。If necessary, I will ask for leave of absence to accompany you to Qingdao.2教材原句One reason for this is that the players energy is partly directed upwards, at a 90degree angle to the ground, and over the heads of the others.原因之一是球员的力量部分是向上的，与地面形成90度的角，而且在其他人的头顶上方。句型点拨one reason for .is that .“的原因之一是”。佳句赏析他成功的原因之一是勤奋工作。The reason for his success is that he worked very hard.3教材原句. and suddenly 80 kilos hit the Chandler star, who howled loudly in pain and fell, with his nose bleeding and a cut on his left cheek. 突然他80千克重的身体撞到了Chandler队的球星，该球星在痛苦中大叫着倒在地上，鼻孔出血，左脸颊有个伤口。句型点拨with的复合结构。佳句赏析我们的食物快吃完了，不得不步行去村子里寻求帮助。With our food running out, we had to walk to a village for help.Reading and WritingIs Yao Ming Too Nice to Be a Star?Jeff Van Gundy, the head coach of the Houston Rockets, has a dream. He wants Yao Ming to be like other players. Star players, says Gundy, are “selfish” and want the ball all the time. “Lets put it this way，” he said. “When they ask for the ball, they dont say please！”Yao, however, is a selfless and kind person. He has been brought up and trained in this way. It is not in his nature to be “selfish” and “rude”When he first arrived in the US, Yao was an instant hit among basketball fans nationwide. They all loved this kind, gentle but powerful giant. Van Gundy wanted to build his team around the talented Chinese player. To do this, he told Yao to be more aggressive and, if necessary, to be rude to his teammates.“Hes a wonderful guy, he has every physical basketball skill and he puts the team first，” Van Gundy said. “But I want him to be a star, not just a great team player. Hes got to think that hes the best player out there. That way, he can dominate the game.”“At first, I didnt really understand what the coach wanted，” Yao said. “But now I do. In China, everyone gave me the ball, I didnt have to ask! Here, I have to be a little impolite！ Im not quite used to it yet. If you give me a little time, I can get more used to it. I have to learn to be a little more selfish”姚明太友好了而不能成为一个明星吗？休斯敦火箭队的首席教练杰夫范甘迪有一个梦想。他想让姚明能和其他队员一样。甘迪说，球星们是“自私”的，而且一直希望得到球。“我们这么说吧，”他说。“当他们要球的时候，连请都不说！”然而，姚明是一个无私而友善的人。他就是这样被带大和训练的。“自私”和“无礼”不是他的本性。当姚明最初到达美国的时候，他马上在全国范围内的篮球迷间引起了轰动。他们都喜爱这个友善、性格温和而强有力的巨人。范甘迪想围绕这位天才的中国队员建立自己的球队。为此，他告诉姚明要更具有攻击性，并且如果有必要，对队友粗暴一些也无妨。“他是个很优秀的小伙子，拥有所有的篮球技巧而且以球队为先，”范甘迪说。“但我想让他成为一名球星，而不只是伟大的球队队员。他要认识到自己是最好的队员。那样他才能控制比赛。”“起初，我确实不明白教练的意图，”姚明说。“但是现在我明白了。在中国，不必要求，大家都给我球！ 在这里，我不得不无礼些！对此我仍然不习惯。给我一点时间，我会慢慢习惯的。我必须学会多些自私。”Reading PracticeDizzy Heights of School BasketballBasketball is one of the safest sports. Unlike wrestling or boxing, its not usually dangerous. One reason for this is that the players energy is partly directed upwards, at a 90degree angle to the ground, and over the heads of the others. So theres less risk of a collision between two players.In other sports, such as baseball and American football, the players energy moves parallel to the ground and towards their opponents, so they wear helmets which give adequate protection to their heads. But although basketball players wear socks and sneakers which are specially designed to absorb energy when they bound into the air, they wear no other protection, just a vest and shorts. If there is an abrupt change of direction in their energy, from vertical to horizontal, such as when they accelerate across the court, bouncing the ball, there is a real danger of personal injury.For example, in the Kent State High School Basketball tournament, Chandler High was playing St Mary Central and at the interval the score was 5052. But St Mary had appointed a captain who was not a typical basketball player. Whereas everyone else was tall and slim with short haircuts, Joe Johannsen was short and stout, with long hair and a large belly. But he was really fast, and when he obtained control of the ball, he could make a circuit of the court and reach the opposing teams boundary within seconds.Anyhow, twelve minutes into the second half, Frank Sackler, the Chandler star player, made a controversial pass over Joes head. Joe stepped aside and dipped his head down. Sackler bounced off him and committed a foul. The referee interrupted the match, and there was a suspension of play. But Joe was unhurt, shot the penalty, and the score was 8890. There were three minutes to go.Joe immediately took possession of the ball and ran, .and suddenly 80 kilos hit the Chandler star, who howled loudly in pain and fell, with his nose bleeding and a cut on his left cheek. For a moment, he lay very still, and the referee even checked his pulse, but soon confirmed he was OK. But when Sackler stood up he was dizzy, so they put a bandage round his head, a blanket round his shoulders, and called an ambulance to take him to the hospital. Joe was a considerate guy, and apologised as Sackler left, sniffing and weeping, either in pain or in frustration.Chandler scored with the penalty, and their teamwork had won the match. But Frank Sackler still has the scar on his face as a souvenir of the tournament.学校篮球队里令人头晕目眩的大个子篮球是最安全的体育运动之一。跟摔跤或拳击不一样，它往往没有危险性。原因之一是队员们的力度部分朝上，与地面成90度的角，并且在其他队员的头上。所以两个队员之间很少有碰撞的危险。在其他一些体育运动中，比如棒球和美国足球，队员的力度跟地面平行并且朝向对手，所以他们戴着头盔，以便对他们的头部进行足够的保护。当篮球队员跳向空中的时候，尽管他们穿着特制的短袜和胶底运动鞋以缓解力度，但除了背心和短裤他们没有别的防护品。例如，当他们拍着球加速穿过场地时，如果力度的方向发生了突然的变化从垂直到水平，那么队员就真的有了受伤的危险。例如，在肯特郡高中篮球联赛中， Chandler High对St Mary Central中场休息时的比分是50：52。但是此前，St Mary任命了一个并不具有代表性的篮球队员作队长。大家都又高又瘦，留着短发，而乔约翰逊却又矮又粗壮，留着长发，还有个大肚子。但是他跑得很快，当他获得控球权时，他能在几秒钟内巡行穿过场地到达对方球队的范围。然而，二十分钟后进入下半场时， Chandler的球星弗兰克赛克勒，在乔的头上做了一个有争议性的传球。乔走到场地边，垂下了头。赛克勒撞倒了他并犯了规，裁判中止了比赛，球赛暂停。但乔并未受伤，投了罚球之后，比分为8890。还剩3分钟。乔马上接了球就跑，突然他80千克重的身体撞到了Chandler队的球星，该球星在痛苦中大叫着倒在地上，鼻孔出血，左脸颊有个伤口。有那么一会，他躺在那儿一动不动，裁判甚至检查了他的脉搏，但很快就确定他没事。但赛克勒站起来时却有些头晕，所以他们在他头上绑了绷带，在他肩上披了条毯子，然后叫了一辆救护车把他送进了医院。乔是个考虑周到的小伙子，当赛克勒离开时，乔在疼痛或懊恼中，抽泣着向他道歉。Chandler队罚球得分，球队取得胜利。但弗兰克赛克勒脸上却留了个伤疤作为联赛的纪念品。Cultural CornerHow Did They Start?How did American football start?Football or soccer started in England 800 years ago. The game was played with a round ball that players kicked but could not carry. There were two teams, but there were often a hundred players on each team!However, in 1823, William Webb Ellis, a pupil at Rugby School in England, picked up the ball during a soccer game and ran with it. Teachers at the school were shocked and angry but Webb Elliss schoolmates enjoyed this new game, which they named after the school. Eventually, rugby was played with an oval ball that could be both carried and thrown.Rugby was exported to the United States, changed a lot and became the sport that Americans now call football. During a game of American football, the ball can be kicked, thrown or carried.How did basketball start?Basketball was invented in 1891 in a gymnasium in Springfield, Massachusetts by Dr James Naismith, a physical education teacher. Naismith wanted to create a game that would provide exercise for a noisy class through the cold winter months. Naismith attached two baskets to two tall poles at each end of the gymnasium and gave the players a soccer ball and told them to try to throw the ball into the baskets. Naismith later wrote 13 rules which are the basis of modern basketball rules.How did baseball start?The exact origin of baseball is unknown, but it is probably based on an old English game called rounders. In the USA, a version of the game became popular in the early 19th century and eventually, a man called Alexander Cartwright wrote the rules for baseball in 1845. Cartwright is called “the father of baseball” because the modern rules of the game are very similar to his original rules.它们是怎样开始的？美国足球运动是怎样开始的？足球或者英式足球800年前起源于英格兰。这项运动中有一个圆球，球员可以踢它，但是不可以拿它。比赛需要两支球队，但是每支球队通常有100名球员！然而，在1823年，英格兰的拉格比学校一个名叫威廉韦布埃利斯的小学生在一次足球比赛中捡起了球，然后拿着它跑了起来。该校的老师大为震怒，但是韦布埃利斯的同学们很喜欢这种新玩法，就用他们的校名作为该运动的名字。最后橄榄球运动变成可以拿着或扔椭圆形球的运动。橄榄球传到了美国，它改变了很多，变成了一项美国人现在称作足球的运动。美国足球比赛中，球可以踢、扔、或者拿着。篮球运动是怎样开始的？篮球是在1891年在马萨诸塞州斯普林菲尔德的一个体育馆里发明的，它的发明者叫詹姆斯奈史密斯，他是一位体育老师。奈史密斯想发明一项运动，为一个吵闹的班级在寒冷的冬天提供锻炼。奈史密斯把两个篮子固定在体育馆两端的两根高柱子上，然后给球员们一个足球并让他们尽量把球投进篮筐里。奈史密斯后来写了13条规则，这些成为现代篮球规则的依据。棒球运动是怎样开始的？棒球的确切起源是无人知晓的，但是它可能是以英国的一项古老的被称做“圆场棒球”游戏的比赛为基础的。在19世纪早期的美国这种比赛的一种形式变得流行起来，最后，一位叫亚历山大卡特赖特的人在1845年写了棒球运动的规则。卡特赖特被称为“棒球之父”，因为这项运动的现代规则跟他最初制订的规则非常相似。1The Chicago Bulls used to rely too much on Michael Jordan.(P8)芝加哥公牛队过去太依赖迈克尔乔丹了。rely v信任，信赖These days we rely heavily on computers to organize our work.现在我们在很大程度上依赖电脑来安排我们的工作。(1)rely on信任；信赖；依靠rely on sb. to do sth. 指望/信赖某人做某事rely on sb. for sth. 指望某人某事rely on it that . 指望/信赖(2)reliable adj. 可靠的，可信赖的Dont rely on me to_see (see) you off.不要指望我为你送行。You can_rely_on_it_that I can finish the work on time.你相信我，我能按时完成工作。My friend is a reliable (rely) person, and I believe that he will give you a hand.我的朋友是一个可靠的人，我相信他会帮助你。2. It is not in his nature to be “selfish” and “rude”(P9)“自私”和“无礼”不是他的本性。nature n性格；本性；天性；自然(界)Peter has a happy nature. He is a goodnatured boy.彼得生性快乐，是个本性善良的男孩。Nature does not provide everything we need.自然界并不提供我们所需要的一切。by nature 生来，天生，生性in nature 本质上，实际上against nature 违反自然的；有违天性的；不道德的(get/go .)back to nature 回归自然，返璞归真Psychological studies show that some people are quicktempered by_nature.心理学研究表明一些人生来是急脾气。If you go_against_nature,_it will punish you.如果你违背了自然，它就会惩罚你。3When he first arrived in the US, Yao was an instant hit among basketball fans nationwide.(P9)当姚明第一次到美国时，他立刻成了全国篮球迷中的热门人物。instant adj.立刻的；紧急的；(食品)素食的，方便的 n常sing.瞬间，刹那He often eats out at an instant Chinese restaurant.他常在一家中式快餐店吃饭。for an instant一会儿，一时instantly/the instant 一就Just for_an_instant I thought he was going to refuse.我脑中有一闪念，以为他要拒绝了。Instantly/The_instant he opened the door, a dog ran in.他一打开门，一条狗就跑了进来。4To do this, he told Yao to be more aggressive and, if necessary, to be rude to his teammates.(P9)为达到这个目的，他告诉姚明要更富有攻击性，必要的话，对他的队友粗鲁一些。if necessary是条件状语从句“if it is necessary”的省略形式。If necessary, find a safe place to stop and rest.如果有必要的话，找一个安全的地方停下来休息。if so 如果这样的话if not 如果不是这样if any 假如有的话if possible 如果可能的话if ever 若曾有过的话if anything 如果有什么区别的话I think you can go to the party by yourself, if_possible.我认为如果可能的话你可以自己去参加宴会。I may be free this evening. If_so,_Ill come round and see you.今晚我可能有空。要是有空的话我就过来看你。名师点津在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，如果主句的主语和从句的主语一致或从句的主语为it，且从句中有be动词，则可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。5Im not quite used to it yet.(P9)我还是很不习惯。be used to习惯于(某事物)The country life he was used to has changed greatly since 1992.他所习惯的乡村生活自从1992年以来改变了许多。易混辨析used to意为“过去常常(现在已不再这样了)”，used to do sth.be used to意为“习惯于”，to是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词，be可换为get/become，相当于be accustomed tobe used to do表示“被用来做”，是use sth. to do的被动语态，其中不定式表示目的Mr. White used_to_live in China, so he is_used_to_Chinese dishes now.怀特先生过去住在中国，因此他现在习惯了吃中国菜。The money will be_used_to_buy a present for my daughter.这些钱将被用来为我的女儿买个礼物。语境串记I used to play football on the playground, but now I am used to reading in the library and the knowledge I get can be used to equip myself.我过去常常在操场上踢足球，但现在我习惯在图书馆里看书，用获取的知识来武装自己。6I like the fact that the article draws attention to .(P9)我喜欢这个事实，这篇文章使人们注意到draw sb.s attention to引起某人注意(某事物)I tried not to draw their attention to the weak points in my argument.我尽量使他们不要察觉到我论证中的软肋。give/pay attention to 注意， 倾听attract/catch sb.s attention 吸引某人的注意call sb.s attention 让某人注意concentrate/fix/focus ones attention on专心于devote ones attention to 专心于，对注意Pay_attention_to traffic safety; slow down, look around and then go ahead.注意交通安全；一慢，二看，三通过。The teacher was pleased to see that the students concentrate/fix/focus_their_attention_on study in the classroom.老师看到学生们在教室里专心致志学习，很欣慰。7But although basketball players wear socks and sneakers which are specially designed to absorb energy when they bound into the air, they wear no other protection, just a vest and shorts.(P11)尽管篮球运动员穿着特制的短袜和运动鞋，当他们在空中跳跃时，能帮助缓冲能量，不过除此之外，他们的穿着中没有别的能给予他们保护，仅一件背心和短裤。absorb v消减，缓冲；吸收；使全神贯注，吸引(注意力)；并入，吞并写出下列句中absorb的含义Vitamin D is slowly absorbed by the body. 吸收The machine absorbed most of the shock.消减The fact that the larger firm absorbed the smaller one absorbed him. 吞并；吸引注意力absorb ones attention吸引某人的注意力be absorbed in 专心致志于，全神贯注于You may rely on it that the TV play will surely absorb_the_childrens_attention. 你放心好了，这部电视剧一定会吸引孩子们的注意力。I was_absorbed_in a book and didnt hear your call.我正专心看书，没听到你的电话。联想发散表示“专心致志”的短语还有哪些？be lost in .陷入；专心致志于be buried in . 埋头于be devoted to . 致力于：专心于be occupied in/with . 忙于be involved in . 专注于be focused on . 集中精力于8But St Mary had appointed a captain who was not a typical basketball player.(P11)但是圣玛丽学校任命了一位不具有代表性的篮球运动员为队长。appoint v任命，委派；约定(时间、地点等)A date for the meeting is still not be appointed.会议日期尚待确定。(1)appoint sb. to be/as 任命/委任某人为appoint sb. to do sth. 指定某人做某事(2)appointment n. 任命；约会have/make/fix an appointment with sb. 与某人约会/预约keep/break ones appointment 守/违约Hes been appointed as judge in the State Supreme Court in California.他被任命为加利福尼亚州最高法院的法官。Mike was appointed to_take (take) charge of the project.迈克被指定负责这个项目。For the third time in a row, she had failed to keep_her_appointment.她一连三次失约了。typical adj.典型的，有代表性的，独特的The typical family may remain childless and consist only of a man and a woman.典型的家庭可能不要孩子，只包括一男一女。be typical of是的特点typically adv. 典型地；独特地It_was_typical_of_him to be so merciless.他总是这么冷酷无情。Typically (typical), he would come late and then say that he had to go early.他一向是来得很晚，然后又总说他得早走。9Sackler bounced off him and committed a foul.(P11)赛克勒撞倒了他，犯了规。commit vt.犯(错误，罪行)；承诺He committed murder and was sentenced to death.他犯了谋杀罪，被判处死刑。(1)commit an error/a crime 犯错误/罪commit suicide 自杀commit oneself to (doing) sth. 承诺(做)某事(2)commitment n. 承诺make a commitment to do sth. 承诺做某事Both sides committed_themselves_to_settling the dispute peacefully.双方承诺和平解决争端。She tried to commit_suicide,_but we saved her life by chance.她试图自杀，而我们碰巧救了她。10Joe immediately took possession of the ball and ran, . and suddenly 80 kilos hit the Chandler star, who howled loudly in pain and fell, with his nose bleeding and a cut on his left cheek.(P11) 乔马上接了球就跑，突然他80千克重的身体撞到了Chandler队的球星，该球星在痛苦中大叫着倒在地上，鼻孔出血，左脸颊有个伤口。take possession of占有，占据，拥有We didnt take possession of the car until a few days after the auction.直到拍卖会后过了几天我们才拥有了那辆车。in possession of 占有，拥有(主语通常为人)in the possession of 为所有(主语通常为物)come into sb.s possession 被某人占有(主语通常为物)Their opponents were in_possession_of_the ball for most of the match.他们的对手在比赛的大多数时间里控制着球。On her fathers death, a vast fortune_came_into_her_possession.她父亲死后，她继承了一大笔遗产。名师点津in possession of与in the possession of仅差一个定冠词the，但意义却相反。用法类似的还有in charge of (负责)与in the charge of (在的负责下)。11Joe was a considerate guy, and apologised as Sackler left, sniffing and weeping, either in pain or in frustration.(P11)乔是个体贴的家伙