2018_2019学年高中英语Module5TheConquestoftheUniverseSectionⅡLanguagePointsⅠ.docx

Section Language Points （Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary）.单词拼写1A witness (目击者) is a person who sees what happens with his or her eyes on the spot.2Contemporary art has taken a huge leap (飞跃) forward in the last five or six years.3Jackie and Ben came to a joint (共同的) decision as to where they would live.4Hearing that his son died in the fight, he burst (爆发) into tears.5The television was tuned (收看) in to an afternoon soap opera just now.拓展词汇1accustomed adj.习惯的accustom v使习惯于2historic adj.历史性的，有重大历史意义的historical adj.有关历史的history n历史3assume v假定，假设assumption n假想4patience n耐心patient adj.耐心的5advanced adj.高级的，先进的advance v前进巧记单词词根词形变化构词点拨accustomaccustomed动词ed构成形容词assumeassumption动词去e加ption构成名词.补全短语1set foot on踏上2slow down 减速3be/become accustomed to 习惯于4be aware of 意识到5make it 做成，成功6in shock 处在震惊中7in spite of 不管，尽管8at the very beginning of . 在一开始的时候1教材原句American Neil Armstrong becomes the first man to set foot on the moon. 美国人尼尔阿姆斯特朗是登上月球的第一人。句型点拨the序数词名词动词不定式(作定语)。佳句赏析他的下个月要出版的第一本书基于一件真事。His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.2教材原句Millions of people watched that first moon landing on television, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was, and what risks had to be taken.数以百万计的人们在电视上观看了首次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼儿，因为他们十分清楚它是多么艰难、多么危险，也知道要冒多么大的风险。句型点拨独立主格结构。佳句赏析天空乌云密布，很快就要下雨。Dark clouds in the sky, it is going to rain soon.3教材原句An ordinary teacher, Christa McAuliffe, 37, who was married with two children, was to be the first civilian in space.一位37岁的普通教师克里斯塔麦奥里菲将要成为第一位进入太空的普通公民，她已经结婚并有两个孩子。句型点拨be to do sth.结构表示“按照计划或安排将要做某事”。佳句赏析他们明天上午十点钟将一起去拜访老师。They are to pay a visit to the teacher together at ten tomorrow morning.4教材原句The world was in shock maybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.全世界都震惊了也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险。句型点拨no比较级than“同一样不”。佳句赏析他与她一样不聪明。He is no clever than her.1Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July, 1969, people have become accustomed to the idea of space travel. (P58) 自从尼尔阿姆斯特朗在1969年7月21日首次踏上月球以来，人们对太空旅行这一概念已经非常熟悉。accustomed adj.习惯的She took her accustomed place at the end of the table.她坐在她习惯坐的桌子的那头。(1)be accustomed to (doing) sth. 习惯于做某事(状态)get/become accustomed to (doing) sth. 习惯于做某事(动作)(2)accustom vt. 使习惯于accustom oneself to (doing)sth. 使自己习惯于(做)某事She was a person accustomed to having (have) eight hours sleep a night.她是那种习惯每晚睡8小时的人。It took a while for me to accustom_myself_to all the new rules and regulations.我花了一段时间才逐渐适应了所有新的规章制度。2Millions of people watched that first moon landing on television, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was, and what risks had to be taken. (P58)数以百万计的人们在电视上观看了首次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼儿，因为他们十分清楚它是多么艰难、多么危险，也知道要冒多么大的风险。their hearts in their mouths为独立主格结构，在句中作伴随状语。独立主格结构在形式上不是一个完整的句子，但在语意上相当于一个句子。The hunter entered the forest, gun in hand.那位猎人手里提着枪走进了森林。Weather permitting (permit), we will go for an outing tomorrow.天气允许的话，我们明天去郊游。The experiment done (do), the students went on to take notes in the experiment report.实验做完了，同学们继续在实验报告上做笔记。3But this was going to be a special flight and so millions of people tuned in to witness the takeoff on TV.(P58)但是这次却将是一次特殊的飞行，因此数百万人打开了电视来一睹这次起飞。witness v目击：亲眼看见；亲身经历n.目击者，见证人，证人Several residents claim to have witnessed the attack.几位居民声称目击了这次袭击事件。The witness was telling about the whole accident.目击者正在讲述整个事故的过程。(1)witness to sth./doing sth.为(做)某事作证(2)be (a) witness to 目睹，能证明bear/give witness to 为作证He witnessed_to_having_seen the man enter the building.他作证看到那个男人进入这栋建筑。His good health is witness to the success of the treatment.他健康的身体证明这种疗法是成功的。名师点津除了可以用人作主语外，witness还可以用时间或地点作主语，意思为“是发生的时间或地点；见证”，有此用法的动词还有see。The last half of the nineteenth century witnessed/saw the steady improvement in the means of travel. 十九世纪下半世纪见证了旅行方式的稳定改善。4An ordinary teacher, Christa McAuliffe, 37, who was married with two children, was to be the first civilian in space.(P58)一位37岁的普通教师克里斯塔麦奥里菲将要成为第一位进入太空的普通公民，她已经结婚并有两个孩子。was to be是be to do sth.结构，在此处表示“按照计划或安排将要做某事”。The train is to arrive in Shanghai at 1: 00 pm.火车将于下午一点到达上海。be to do sth.的用法还有：(1)表示命令、义务、职责等，可译作“应该，必须”。长辈要求晚辈或上级要求下级做某事时常用这一句型。(2)表示不可避免将要发生的事或命中注定的事。You are_to_arrive_at_the_spot before five this afternoon.你们必须在今天下午五点以前到达现场。The invention of the Internet is_to_change_the_way we communicate with each other.因特网的发明注定要改变我们相互交流的方式。名师点津(1)be about to do .表示“即将发生的动作”，不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用，常用于be about to do . when .，意为“正要做这时”。(2)be going to do .多用于口语，强调事先打算、计划要做某事或根据某种迹象要发生某事。5The world was in shock maybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.(P58)全世界都震惊了也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险。assume v假定，假设；承担，担任；呈现I will assume responsibility for it.我愿为此承担责任。(1)assume that .假定，认为assume . to be . 认为如何；假定如何(2)assuming conj. 假如assuming (that) . 假设(3)assumption n. 假想We must assume_him_to_be innocent until he is proved guilty.尚未证实他有罪，我们就得假定他是清白的。Assuming (assume) that you are right, what should we do next?假定你是对的，我们下一步该做什么？A lot of people make the assumption (assume) that poverty only exists in the Third World.许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。联想发散assuming (that) .相当于一个表示“假设”的条件状语从句。类似的词还有provided,_providing,_supposing等。6We didnt have much patience waiting for the launch.(P59)我们急不可待地等待着发射。patience n耐心Teaching children with special needs requires patience and understanding.教育有特殊需要的儿童需要耐心和理解。(1)be out of patience with . 对忍无可忍have no patience with 对不能容忍，对没有耐性have the patience to do . 有耐心做lose patience with 对失去耐心with patience 耐心地(2)patient adj. 有耐心的 be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心be patient of sth. 忍耐某事Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with_patience. 每当我犯错误，老师都是耐心地指出来。People have_lost_patience_with the slow pace of the reform.人们对改革的缓慢速度已经失去了耐心。She is_very_patient_with young children, so she is fit for the job.她对小孩特别有耐心，因此她适合这份工作。7In spite of all our advanced technology, the world is still only at the very beginning of its voyage into space.(P59)尽管我们有先进的技术，但世界仍然只是处在探索太空的初始阶段。in spite of不管，尽管In spite of his age, he still leads an busy life.尽管年事已高，他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。in spite ofdespite(n./pron./v.ing 形式)尽管，不管despite/in spite of the fact that 尽管Despite their objections, I will do it just the same.尽管他们反对，我照样要做。In_spite_of/Despite_the_fact_that_he has failed the exam, he will never give up.尽管他考试没有及格，但他不会气馁的。名师点津in spite of相当于despite(较正式)，表示“不管，尽管”，侧重指客观情况；regardless of表示“不管，不顾”，侧重于主观上的“不考虑”联想发散“inn.of”构成的词组常见的还有：in case of如果，假使in terms of 谈及，在方面 in charge of 负责，掌管 in favour of 支持，赞同 in honor of 为向表示敬意 in place of 代替 in view of 鉴于，考虑到 in search of 寻找advanced adj.高级的；先进的The government is promoting the advanced education.政府正在推进高等教育。advance v 推动，促进；提前 n. 前进，进展，进步in advance 提前，预先in advance of (发展上)超前Science has made great advances during the last fifty years.科学在过去五十年内有很大的进步。Its unwise to spend your income in_advance.把你的收入预先花掉是不明智的。His idea was well in_advance_of the age in which he lived.他的思想远远超出了他所生活的年代。8to burst with a lot of force and loud noise (P59)伴随着强大的威力和巨响爆炸burst v爆炸，破裂n.爆炸；爆发If you blow that balloon up any more, it will burst.如果你再吹那气球，它就要破了。There was a burst of laughter in the next room.隔壁房间里突然传出一阵笑声。burst in突然进入(房间等)burst inton. burst out doing 突然做某事The door opened and Mrs.Page burst_into the room.门开了，佩奇太太冲进了房间。Everyone burst out laughing (laugh) while the little boy burst into tears (tear)大家突然大笑起来，但小男孩却哭了。.单句语法填空1Accustomed (accustom) to living in the countryside, Mr. King found it hard to live in the city.2You are to_take (take) the responsibility for the mistake.3These calculation are based on the assumption (assume) that prices will continue to rise.4This requires a lot of practice and patience (patient)5The area is of special historic (history) interest.6The professor usually gives an outline of what he is to touch on at the very beginning of the lecture.7This advanced (advance) method has been introduced in every factory.8The cars slowed down as they passed Customs.9The second country to_send (send) a man into space was America.10The little boy stood outside the supermarket, eyes _fixed (fix) on the toys.11Hearing our headmaster was injured, we were in shock.12Though he had tried to climb to the top of the mountain several times, he didnt make it.13Being aware of your own weaknesses is probably the key to success.14One witness to the accident said the driver appeared to be drunk.15The audience burst into cheers when the film star appeared.完成句子1他同我一样根本不适合当牧师。He is no_more_fit to be a priest than I am.2你若预先通知我，我就能给您准备好了。If you warn me in_advance,_I will have your order ready for you.3很多人不习惯没有手机的生活。Many people are_not_accustomed_to living without mobile phones.4在这一学期的一开始，他就对足球表现出极大的兴趣。At_the_very_beginning_of this term, he showed great interest in football.5未经警方允许，任何人不得擅自离开这座房子。No one is to_leave_this_building without the permission of the police.一句多译1尽管背景不同，但他们相处得非常好。They got on well with each other in_spite_of/despite their different backgrounds.They got on well with each other although/though they have different backgrounds.2假定这个建议被采纳，我们什么时候能拿到钱？Assuming (that) the proposal is accepted, when are we going to get the money？(assume)Suppose/Supposing (that) the proposal is accepted, when are we going to get the money？(suppose)Providing/Provided (that) the proposal is accepted, when are we going to get the money？(provide).课文缩写语法填空Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the moon back on 21st July, 1969, people 1.have_become (become) accustomed to the idea of space travel.Millions of people watched that first moon 2.landing (land) on television, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was, and what risks had to 3.be_taken (take)With Armstrongs famous words：“Thats one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”， a dream 4.was_achieved (achieve)Later, people were no longer enthusiastic 5.about a space travel programme because of its high cost.The first shuttle flight into space was the Columbia 6.launched (launch) from the Kennedy Space Centre on 12th April, 1981, 7.which was the start of a new age of space travel.In 1986, the Challenger carrying the first civilian, Christa, who hoped communicate a sense of 8.excitement (excite) and create new interest in the space programme, exploited just over one minute after taking off in Florida and all seven astronauts 9.were_killed (kill). It was 10.the worst space accident ever.对应学生课下能力提升(十八).根据提示写出单词的正确形式1As the economy develops, the natural income goes up with a leap (飞跃)2These foreigners have put forward a proposal for a joint (联合的) venture.3The word “explode” means “to burst (爆炸) with a lot of force and loud noise”4Will you act as witness (见证人) to the agreement between us?5Over 3 million viewers tune (收看) in to our show daily.6He is familiar with all the important historic (history) events.7The ancient Egyptians had advanced (advance) civilizations.8After waiting for an hour, I was beginning to run out of patience (patient)9Not accustomed (accustom) to associating with business people, she decided to be a teacher after graduation.10How could you make an assumption (assume) about her without meeting her?.选词填空at the very beginning of， set foot on， be accustomed to， ever since， in shock， be aware of， in spite of， make it1I havent heard from him ever_since last year.2Everybody is_aware_of the importance of the skill.3They elected him monitor at_the_very_beginning_of the term.4He remains excellent in his studies at school in_spite_of having to do parttime jobs every now and then.5Since entry into high school the students have been_accustomed_to staying up late in the evening and getting up early in the morning.6Work hard, and youll make_it eventually.7He was still in_shock from what had happened earlier in the afternoon.8Nobody has ever set_foot_on that island.完成句子1她一听到这个悲伤的消息，就失声痛哭起来。Scarcely had she heard the sad news when she burst_out_crying/burst_into_tears.2两个故事我都不喜欢，因为这个故事并不比那个故事有趣。I like neither of the two stories. For this story is no_more_interesting_than that one.3我习惯于在睡觉前听一些轻音乐。I am_accustomed_to_listening_to some light music.4他夹着一大本书，走出了图书馆。He came out of the library, a_large_book_under_his_arm.5你的作业下周一必须上交。Your homework is_to_be_handed_in next Monday. .阅读理解ASaturns icy moon Enceladus could theoretically be home to methaneproducing (产甲烷的) alien life, NASA said. Researchers made the announcement based on data from 2015, when the spacecraft Cassini detected the presence of hydrogen during a flight through a cloud of gas and ice erupting from Enceladus south pole. The hydrogen could be a sign of methanogenesis, a form of breath in which microbes (微生物) produce methane.This is a very significant finding because the hydrogen could be a potential source of chemical energy for any microbes that might be in Enceladus ocean，” Linda Spilker, a scientist at NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory, said at a press conference. “We now know that Enceladus has almost all of the ingredients you would need to support life as we know it on Earth.” The findings were published in the journal Science.“This is the closest weve come, so far, to identifying a place with some of the ingredients needed for a habitable environment，” Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator for NASAs Science Mission Directorate, said in a statement. “These results demonstrate the nature of NASAs science missions that are getting us closer to answering whether we are indeed alone or not.”NASA also announced that the Hubble Space Telescope observed what may have been water vapor emerging from the surface of Jupiters moon Europa in 2014, and again around the same area in 2016.Confirming the existence of Europas gas would allow researchers to study that moons chemical makeup without having to dig through miles of icy crust (表面). The Cassini and Hubble discoveries related to these “ocean worlds” will help scientists plan NASAs Europa Clipper mission, set to launch in the 2020s. The plan is for the unmanned spacecraft to orbit Jupiter and perform a detailed investigation of Europa.“These discoveries are coming just at the perfect time，” Jim Green, director of NASAs Planetary Science Division, said. “It enables us to make the right set of observations that can tell us much more about these ocean worlds, Europa in particular.”1The new discovery made the scientists feel more _.AconfidentBdoubtfulCworried Dconfused解析：选A细节理解题。由第二段中的“This is a very significant finding”，第三段中的“This is the closest weve come”及最后一段中的“These discoveries are coming just at the perfect time”可知，新的发现让科学家们对探测外星生命的任务更加有信心。2According to the text, NASAs science missions aim to _.Amake space travel a realityBanalyze Jupiters chemical makeupCfind out whether life exists outside EarthDexplore the resources on Saturns icy moon解析：选C细节理解题。由第三段中的“These results demonstrate the nature of NASAs science missions that are getting us closer to answering whether we are indeed alone or not”可知，NASA科学任务的本质是弄清是否只有地球上存在生命。3Which would be a suitable title for the text?AThere is life outside EarthBEnceladus could harbor alien lifeCA new study about Saturn beginsDNASA is planning a landing on Jupiter解析：选B标题归纳题。本文重点在于告诉我们最近发现土卫二南极有氢气，这个迹象可能是外星生命存在的证明。故B项最适合作文章标题。BThe oddness of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples.First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet (芭蕾) dancer. “Im an inside guy，” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a sixmonth tour on the International Space Station. “I like to be wrapped up.”On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, its just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbondioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible (隐形的) cloud around your head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbondioxide headache.Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat. “Your inner ear thinks youre falling. Meanwhile your eyes are telling you youre standing straight. That can be annoying thats why some people feel sick.” Within a couple of days truly terrible days for some astronauts brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. For instance, as