虚拟语气用法小结.ppt

虚拟语气 用法小结,虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法,【提问】If you me about it, I would still be unaware of the facts. A. dont tell B. didnt tell C. havent told D. hadnt told (Experiencing English Extended Book 4 Page 22) 该题中的句子表达的是真实情况吗？,答：题目中的句子表达的是非真实情况，所涉及到的语法点为虚拟语气。用来表达不是客观存在的事实。 原句意为：如果你没有告诉我的话，我至今仍然没有意识到真正的事实。虚拟语气在句中表示“你没有告诉我”这一情况是虚假的，真实情况是“你把事实告诉了我”。 本句的虚拟语气处于与过去事实相反的非真实条件句中，同时，又是否定形式，因此，选择答案D hadnt told。 虚拟语气表示说话人的一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、建议等。虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法是最常见的，最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中。 表示与事实相反的虚拟语气，动词有三种时态形式，即现在、过去和将来。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下：,一、与现在事实相反,从句: 动词的过去式 (be的过去式一般用were) 主句: would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形 例如： If I were you, I should buy it. 如果我是你，我就会买。 If I had time, I would study French. 如果我有时间，我会学法语。 If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. 要是她会英语，她就不用我帮忙了。,二、与过去事实相反,从句: had + 过去分词 主 句would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词 例如：If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果早点起，你就能赶上那趟火车了。 The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. 如果你更细心些，就不会把米饭烧糊了。 If I had known your telephone number, I would have called you at that time. 假如我知道你的电话号码，那时候我就给你打电话了。,三、与将来事实相反,从句：动词过去式；should + 动词原形或were to + 动词原形 主句：would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形 例如： If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping. 如果明天天气好，我就去购物。 If my boy friend should be a rich man, everything would be all right. 如果我男朋友会成为一个有钱人的话，那么事事都没问题了。 If the sun were to rise in the west, we would believe what you said. 如果太阳从西边升起，我们就相信你说的话。,错综时间的虚拟语气,在非真实条件句中还存在错综时间的虚拟语气，在使用时要注意主句与从句的时态。 例如： If he had attended the meeting yesterday (与过去事实相反), he would know the answer to the question now (与现在事实相反). 如果他昨天参加了会议，现在就知道问题的答案了。 If my brother hadnt invested his money, he would give me a hand to buy the house. 如果我弟弟不把钱都作了投资，他会赞助我买房子的。 Had he received a few more votes in the election, he would be our chairman now. 要是他在选举中再多得几票，现在就是我们的主席了。,虚拟语气倒装,在含有虚拟语气的非真实条件句中，若从句中含有were，should和had这类词时可将这些词置于句首，省略if，构成倒装。 例如：Had he known the result，he would not have told his mother the news.= If he had known the result，he would not have told his mother the news. 如果他知道这结果，就不会把那消息告诉妈妈了。 Were the young man rich enough，he would support the club.= If the young man were rich enough，he would support the club. 如果那个年轻人足够富有，他就会支持俱乐部。 Had the government taken measures at the first days, the condition of the disaster would have been better. 如果政府在最初几天就采取措施的话，灾害的状况会好得多。,虚拟语气的其他用法,【提问】请问下面这个句子是虚拟语气句吗？ However, as the Internet was introduced, it looks as though concepts such as authorship and property should be redefined. (Experiencing English Extended Book 4 Page 30),提问中的主句主语为it，谓语动词为looks，as if 引导表语从句，表示“看起来，似乎”。从句中的should be redefined表示对将来的情况进行推测。因此，这个句子为虚拟语气句，符合虚拟语气中as if从句的用法。 全句意为：然而，由于因特网的引入，诸如原创作者和所有权这样的概念似乎应该被重新定义。 虚拟语气最常见于非真实条件句。除此以外，虚拟语气句可以用于宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句、定语从句和其他一些句子中。下面作简要介绍：,1. 宾语从句,虚拟语气常常用于“wish+宾语从句”中，表示不能实现的愿望。意为：“可惜”，“就好了”，“但愿”等。 表示现在不能实现的愿望： 主句I wish +宾语从句did 表示将来不能实现的愿望： 主句I wish +宾语从句would (should, could) + do 表示过去不能实现的愿望： 主句 I wish/wished+宾语从句had + done,例如： I wish I were there together with you. 真希望我和你在一起。 I wish there was no winter all the year round. 要是全年都没有冬天就好了。 I wish my sister would have a baby boy after ten-month pregnancy. 但愿姐姐十月怀胎能生一个男孩。 We all wish that the time had not passed so fast! 我们都期望时间不是过得这样飞快！ He wished he had never been in such an awkward predicament! 他真希望自己从来没有陷入这样的困境！,虚拟语气用于宾语从句还可以出现在表示欲望、强烈愿望的宾语从句中：suggest, insist order, require, advise, prefer, agree, recommend, persist, determine等+ (should) do。 例如： The major editor insisted that all the manuscripts should be sent to the printer by this Friday. 主编坚持所有稿件必须在本周五之前送交印刷商。 The experts suggest that students in the campus should take part in more social activities. 专家们建议校园里的学生应该多参与社会活动。 The doctor proposed that we should often chat with Grandfather to make him in cheer mood. 医生建议我们应该经常和爷爷聊天，使他保持愉快的心情。,2. 表语从句、同位语从句,当表语从句和同位语从句指代的名词为advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request等时，其谓语动词要用虚拟语气结构：(should) + do。 例如： Our decision is that the vacation holidays should be put off. 我们决定推迟休假。 It is the idea that everyone should be part of the magnificent Olympic Games. 这一理念是每个人都应该成为盛大奥运的一份子。,3. 主语从句it is/was + that,在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等意思。其结构为：It is + adj + should + do。其中主句所用的动词形式可以为be, was, will be，可以省略should，但不能用would替换。 例如：It is important that job hunters should have confidence in themselves. 求职者要对自己有信心，这一点很重要。 Isnt it necessary that a gentleman be clean and tidy in appearance? 一位绅士表面上看起来干净而整洁不是最起码的吗？ It was a shame that you should be so careless. 你竟然这样不小心，真是丢人。 It will be shocked that the person like her should tell lies. 要是像她这样的人竟然说谎，那么真叫人惊恐了。,4. 定语从句,虚拟语气用于定语从句时，常用在It is (high/about) time (that)句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式(be动词用were)，或should + do来表示，should不能省略，表示“现在应该了”。 例如：It is about time the guests came (should come). 客人们该来了。 It is high time we were presenting in all fields. 现在该是我们全面表现的时候了。 It is high time that people in the opposite side of the earth were in bed. 这时候地球另一面的人们该睡觉了。,5. if only感叹句 该感叹句用来表示“如果就好了”，其谓语动词与wish宾语从句的谓语动词形式相同，但更富有感情色彩。 其结构为： 现在时If only + were; If only + did; 过去时If only + had done; 将来时If only + would (should, could) + do 例如： If only the little match girl were still alive! 卖火柴的小女孩要是还活着就好了！ If only I hadnt quarreled with him. 我要是没跟他吵架就好了。 If only we could have such a big house in a few years hardworking! 要是辛苦工作几年后，我们能有这样的大房子就好了!,6. as if / a