2018年高三英语一轮总复习专题1.4Earthquakes词汇短语含解析.docx

专题1.4 Earthquakes【学以致用】一、重点词汇细解1burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发n. 突然破裂；爆发【教材原句】In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. but the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。【归纳拓展】burst out 迸发；突然发作；突然起来burst out crying/singing/laughing突然哭起来/唱起来/笑起来burst into/in 突然闯入；打断burst into tears/song/laughter/cheers 突然哭/唱/笑/欢呼起来burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/心痛欲绝/乐不可支at a(one) burst 一阵；一口气；一举；一下a burst of anger 怒火的迸发He looked as if he was about to burst into tears.他看上去马上就会泪流满面。The whole class burst out laughing.全班的人都突然笑了起来。完成句子（1）Hearing the news，she _(放声大哭)（2）He _(闯进房间)without knocking at the door.2ruin n. 毁坏；毁灭，崩溃(pl.) 废墟，遗迹v. (使)破产，(使)堕落，毁灭【教材原句】In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。【归纳拓展】be/lie in ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪ruin ones health/fame/friendship 毁坏某人的健康/名誉/友谊come/go to ruin 毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉fall into ruin 成为废墟；坍塌bring . to ruin 使.毁灭bring ruin upon oneself 自取灭亡ruin oneself 自取灭亡The city is now in ruins.那个城市现在成了一片废墟。The storm laid the village in ruins.暴风雨使这个村子成了一片废墟。一、介词填空（1）After the war, the city was ruins.（2）His bad management brought his company ruin.（3）After that, the Empire Rome fell ruin.（4）The big storm let the crops go ruin.【答案】（1）in （2）to （3）into （4）to【明辨异同】ruin/destroy/damage/break在表示“破坏”、“损坏”时，这几个词所表示的破坏程度及含义不同。ruin指严重的以至于不能修复的“破坏”，但这种破坏不指毁灭某物，而是指长期损坏的结果。它也可用来表示抽象概念。Heknockedoverabottleofinkandruinedthetablecloth.他打翻了一瓶墨水，把桌布弄糟了。 Thefloodsruinedmanypreciouspaintings.这次水灾毁坏了很多珍贵的画。（这里指把画泡得模糊不清，而不是弄碎了）。destroy常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏”、“毁坏”，程度较深；Theearthquakedestroyedalmosttheentirecity.那次地震几乎毁灭了整个城市。也可用于损坏抽象的东西，比如名誉、计划、努力、契约等。Thatwilldestroythereputationofourproducts.那要毁了我们产品的声誉damage程度较小的“破坏”、“损坏”，一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复。Thecarwasonlyslightlydamagedintheaccident.这辆车在事故中只受到轻微的损坏。break是“破坏”、“打破”、“打碎”的意思。它表示的范围极广，程度也不一。可用于有形的东西，如石、玻璃、瓷器等，也可用于无形抽象的东西，如法律、沉默、魔力、习惯等。注意：break既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。Theboyfellfromthetreeandbrokehisleg.这孩子从树上跌下来，跌断了腿。 Glassbreakseasily.玻璃容易破碎。 tobreakonesheart使某人心碎 tobreakthelaw违法二、选词填空ruin，destroy，damage，break（1）Her heart was slightly _as a result of her long illness.（2）His life was _by drink.（3）The earthquake almost _all the bridges in this area.（4）Who theteapot?谁打破了这茶壶？3injure vt. 损害，伤害【教材原句】The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.死伤的人数达到40多万。学%do an injury to sb.伤害某人injury n. 伤，伤口；伤害injured adj. 受伤的，受委屈的the injured伤员an injured look/expression委屈的样子/表情injured pride/feelings受到伤害的自尊/情感（1）The boy _ his leg.这个男孩把腿弄伤了。（2）Your remark may _ her pride.你的话也许会伤她的自尊。【明辨异同】wound/injure/hurt/harm选词填空：injure，wound，hurt，harm（1）The soldier was _in the arm in the war.（2）She was _slightly in an accident during the work.（3）I was very much_at his words.（4）This bright light will do great _to your eyes.【答案】（1）wounded（2）injured（3）hurt（4）harm【语境助记】The little hero was wounded badly in the battle, and unfortunately,he was also injured in a car accident on his way to hospital,which let him feel hurt deeply.He knew clearly that the war harmed the whole country.那位小英雄在一次战斗中严重受伤,不幸的是,在他去医院的途中又在一起车祸中受伤,这让他内心深受伤害。他清楚地知道那次战争给整个国家造成了危害。 A sudden storm destroyed all the crops and did great damage to the houses. Fortunately they were not completely ruined.一场突如其来的暴风雨毁坏了所有庄稼,并对房子造成了巨大破坏。幸运的是,房子并没有彻底毁掉。4shock n. 打击；震惊；震动；休克vt. 使震惊，使惊愕【教材原句】People were shocked.人们惊呆了。【归纳拓展】a shock令人惊讶的事 (be) a shock to sb. 对某人来说是个打击shocked adj. 震惊的；惊愕的 shocking adj. 令人气愤的；令人震惊的be shocked at/by (doing) sth. 被震惊be shocked to do sth. 惧怕做某事It shocked sb. to see/hear. 看见/听到使某人震惊。（1）The news of his wifes death was _ him.他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了。（2）He _ her smoking.看到她在吸烟，他很吃惊。（3）_ to see how my neighbours treated their children.看到邻居们如何对待孩子，我感到震惊。（4）We are to learn that a traffic police officer was nearly killed by a drunken driver. And the scene three taxi drivers nearby, who saved the officer bravely.5. rescue n.&vt.营救;援救【教材原句】Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.一些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。The rescue workers in the rescue team made ten rescues in a month.营救队的救援人员一月内进行了十次救援。【归纳拓展】rescue workers/team救援人员/队rescue sb/sth from. 把从(地方)营救出来come/go to ones rescue 援救或帮助某人 【明辨异同】rescue/saverescue多指在紧急情况下迅速有力地抢救，后常接from，表示“从危险中救出”save是普通用语，使用范围比较广泛，意为“挽救，搭救”。用rescue/save的适当形式填空。（1）A lot of troops were sent to the people buried in the ruins.（2）Timely and careful treatment his life.（3）The policeman came to his by sending the lifejacket to the drowning boy.（4）I dont become a serious climber until the fifth grade, when I went up a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.6. trap n.陷阱;困境vt.使陷入困境;卡(夹)住The farmer set a trap to catch the rabbits in the forest.那农夫设下陷阱逮林中的兔子。Twenty miners were still trapped underground.20名矿工仍被困在地下。【归纳总结】set/lay a trap for 为布好陷阱；为设下圈套be trapped in/under 被困在fall into a trap 落入圈套 trap sb. into doing sth.诱骗某人做某事be caught in被困在. be lost in 陷入.（1）Hopefully, the guy will （恰好落入我们设置的圈套）（2）Having been （困在）the traffic jam, he was late for work.（3）The workers （被困）for several days.（4）They （设下圈套等着他）and he walked straightinto it. 7bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏【教材原句】The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.部队人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。【归纳拓展】bury sth. 埋葬.；掩埋.bury oneself in (doing) sth. 专心致力于(做)某事bury oneself in study 埋头研究 be absorbed in 专心于 be lost in 沉溺于；专心于be buried in thoughts 沉思be buried alive 被活埋；隐居句型转换In the evenings he buried himself in his books.In the evenings he his books.【答案】was buried in / was absorbed in / was lost in8judge v. 断定；判断；判决n. 裁判员；法官；评判员【教材原句】Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。【归纳拓展】judge sb./sth. to be +n./adj. 判断.是.judge sb./sth. from/by. 从来判断；根据.判断.judging by/from 从上看，根据判断 （该短语为固定表达，与主句中的主语不存在逻辑上的主谓关系）judge between right and wrong 判断是非as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为judgement n. 判断，审判，意见，判断力in ones judgement 依某人看来，按某人的看法（1）Dont _ a book _ its cover. 勿以貌取人。（2）_ his accent, he must be a southerner.根据他的口音判断，他一定是个南方人。（3）He _ the best actor of this year.他被评为今年的最佳男演员。9. frightening adj.令人恐惧的【教材原句】It was a frightening night.那是一个可怕的夜晚。Its frightening to think of what happened at midnight.想起半夜发生的事情就令人恐惧不安。The frightening scenes often appear in my mind.那些可怕的场面时常出现在我的脑海中。【归纳拓展】frightened adj. 受惊的;受恐吓的 be frightened at/by 因.而害怕/让.吓了一跳be frightened to do sth. 害怕/不敢做某事be frightened to death吓得要死be frightened of sth. 害怕某东西 frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬 frighten sb. into/out of doing sth. 吓得某人做/不敢做某事 frighten sb. off/away 把某人吓跑/吓走The student is too frightened to say a word before his teacher.那学生在老师面前吓得说不出话来。The frightening news made all of us frightened.那令人恐惧的消息使我们都感到害怕。（1）It is said that the southerners are not frightened snakes.（2）The young man frightened the boy telling the truth.（3）They were frightened the news that their former teacher was killed in the car accident.【语境助记】The frightened look on her face means that she was frightened by his frightening thought.她脸上那受到惊吓的表情说明她被他那可怕的想法吓坏了10. honour vt. 尊敬;尊重;给(某人)荣誉n. 尊敬;尊重;荣誉【教材原句】Next month the city will open a new park to honour those who died in the terrible disaster.(P30)下个月我们市将开放一个新公园,以纪念在那次可怕的灾难中死去的人们。We should honour the old and care about the young.我们应尊老爱幼。As a student,he should show honour to his teachers.作为一名学生,他应该尊敬他的老师。【归纳拓展】honour sb (with.) 给某人(的)荣誉feel honoured to do sth做某事感到荣幸show honour to sb 对某人表示敬意It is an honour for sb to do sth某人做某事是一种荣誉in honour of为向表示敬意;为纪念have the honour to do sth 有幸做某事be honoured for 因受到尊敬for the honour of为了的荣誉（1）She won a gold medal, so she is （全家人的光荣）.（2）A welcome dinner was given （为了纪念）the visiting of our friends from America.（3）They stood in silence （以示对他的敬意）.（4）It was （极大的光荣）to be invited here today.（5）I （感到荣幸）to be invited here today.11. express vt.表达;表示;表露【教材原句】I would like to express my thanks to. 我很想表达对的感激。He has expressed his views in many speeches.他已在多次发言中表达了自己的观点。He expressed sympathy for the poor.他对穷人表示同情。【归纳拓展】express oneself 表达自己的意思express adj.迅速的n.快车;快递by express 乘快车;用快递 an express train 特快列车 expression n.表达;表情beyond expression 无法表达;无法形容without expression 毫无表情As soon as he got off the train, he noticed a piece of news, and his that It was something important beyond .【答案】express; expression; expressed; expression二、核心短语回顾1right away立刻，马上【教材原句】Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away设想你们家开始摇晃，你必须马上离开。【归纳拓展】表示“立刻，马上”的短语without delay/right now/immediately/at once/in no time/right off比较right away/right nowright away“立刻，马上”，相当于at once, in no time。right now“立即，马上；此时此刻”，比now的语气强，相当于at this very moment。（1）I want it to be sent _.马上把它发出去。（2）Hes not in the office _.他现在不在办公室。2at an end 终止；结束【教材原句】It seemed as if the world was at an end!世界似乎到了末日！【归纳拓展】at the end (of) 在的末端/结束时(指时间点,不与完成时连用)in the end终于by the end of到为止(指时间段,与完成时态连用)without end无尽的;无穷的come to an end完结;结束put an end to使结束bring sth to an end使结束 介词填空（1） last term, we had learned English for six years.（2） the street stands a very old shop.（3）The marriage of the young couple will be , for neither of them will give in.（4） , the headmaster rose to indicate that the conversation was .（5）The UN is （结束）the dispute between the two countries. Im sure the issue （结束）soon.【答案】（1）By the end of （2）At the end of （3）at an end （4）In the end; at an end （5）to put an end to; will come to an end 3.dig out 挖出;发现【教材原句】The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.解放军组成小分队,将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。Some reporters are always trying to dig out the famous peoples personal privacy.有些记者总是想方设法挖掘名人们的隐私。【归纳拓展】dig for 挖寻dig into 钻研;调查dig up 挖起;搜寻出;揭露dig through 挖穿(通)介词副词填空（1）The workers were buried in the mine and had to be dug .（2）Look! They are digging treasure in the field.（3）The police are didding the case to find out the truth.（4）As a lournalist, he should be good at digging interesting topics.（5）He will dig the young tree and move it somewhere else. 4. be proud of 为而自豪【教材原句】Your parents and your school should be very proud of you!你的父母和你的学校应该为你而感到骄傲!He was proud of the Olympic gold medal he won for his country.他为给他的国家赢得的那枚奥运金牌感到骄傲。【归纳拓展】be proud to do sth因干某事而自豪pride n. 自豪take pride in(=be proud of)为而自豪with pride=proudly 自豪地;得意地介词填空（1）She pointed pride to the fine horses she had trained.（2）He takes pride his daughters performance at the party.（3）We are proud our great motherland. 5a (great) number of 许多；大量的【教材原句】Such a great number of people died because the quake happened