2020版高考英语第一部分语言知识Unit3Scienceandnature能力提升题组训练（B）牛津译林版.docx

Unit 3 Science and nature能力提升题组训练(B).阅读理解AThe meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness,uneasiness,or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people,just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore,when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops,what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures,silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways,particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example,Russian,French,and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However,Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use,persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect,particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.1.What does the author say about silence in conversations?A.It implies anger. B.It promotes friendship.C.It is culture-specific.D.It is content-based.2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A.The Chinese. B.The French.C.The Mexicans. D.The Russians.3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.B.Break it while treating patients.C.Evaluate its harm to patients. D.Make use of its healing effects.4.What may be the best title for the text?A.Sound and Silence B.What It Means to Be SilentC.Silence to Native Americans D.Speech Is Silver;Silence Is Gold语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下具有不同的内涵。答案及剖析:1.C推理判断题。根据第一段内容,尤其是第一句The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups可知,人们在交流时,沉默是有文化特性的。故选C项。2.A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people,just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.及最后一句In these cultures,silence is a call for reflection.内容可知选A项。3.D细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.可知选D项。4.B主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间沉默的不同含义。因此B项适合作为本文的标题。BBioengineers at the University of California,San Diego have developed a new blood test that could detect(探测) cancer and locate where in the body the tumor is growing.The study could provide a way to diagnose(诊断) cancer early on without having to do invasive surgical procedures like biopsies(活组织检查).Cancer blood tests work by screening for DNA released by dying tumor cells.These tests are showing promise for detecting traces of tumor DNA in the blood of cancer patients.However,the results dont indicate where the tumor is.“Knowing the tumors location is critical for effective early detection,”said Kun Zhang,a bioengineering professor and senior author of the study.In this study,Zhang and his team discovered a new clue in blood that could both detect tumor cells and identify where they are.When a tumor starts to take over a part of the body,it competes with normal cells for nutrients and space,killing them off in the process.As normal cells die,they release their DNA into the bloodstreamand that DNA could identify the affected tissue.The method screens for a particular DNA signature called CpG methylation haplotypes.Each tissue in the body can be identified by its unique signature of methylation haplotypes.“We made this discovery by accident.Initially,we were taking the conventional approach and just looking for cancer cell signals and trying to find out where they were coming from.But we were also seeing signals from other cells and realized that if we integrate both sets of signals together,we could actually determine the presence or absence of a tumor,and where the tumor is growing,”Zhang said.To develop their new method,the researchers put together a database of the complete CpG methylation patterns of 10 different normal tissues (liver,intestine,colon,lung,brain,kidney,pancreas,spleen,stomach and blood).They also analyzed tumor samples and blood samples from cancer patients at the UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center to put together a database of cancer-specific genetic markers.Zhang and his team then screened blood samples from individuals with and without tumors.They looked for signals of the cancer markers and the tissue-specific methylation patterns.The test works like a dual authentication processthe combination of both signals,above a statistical cutoff,is required to assign a positive match.“This is a proof of concept.To move this research to the clinical stage,we need to work with oncologists(肿瘤学家) to further optimize(完善) and improve this method.”Zhang said.5.According to the passage,the new blood test .A.cant locate tumorB.is similar to biopsiesC.makes early cancer diagnosis accurateD.can help dying tumor cells release DNA6.The underlined word “them” in Para.3 refers to .A.tumor cells B.normal cellsC.human bodies D.human tissues7.What can we learn from what professor Zhang said?A.It is impossible to determine the location of tumors.B.Conventional approach is ineffective in treating cancer.C.The discovery was quite beyond scientists expectations.D.The method has been approved and put into clinical practice.8.What can we infer from the passage?A.More cancer patients will return to normal.B.The new method is still at the primary stage.C.A cancer DNA database is likely to be established.D.The new method will be introduced to more countries.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一种新的检测癌症的方法。答案及剖析:5.C细节理解题。根据第一段中“.have developed a new blood test.a way to diagnose cancer early.”可知这种新型的验血方法可以使早期的癌症诊断更精确。故选C。6.B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话可知肿瘤会杀死正常细胞,them指代normal cells,故选B。7.C推理判断题。根据第五段的第一、二句话可知他们获得这项发现是出乎意料的,故选C。8.B推理判断题。根据最后一段可知目前这一新方法还在初级阶段。故选B。.语法填空(2018南昌高三二模)In August I spent two weeks working at the Sauraha day care center.I found working with the children very rewarding,as I believed I was making a 1. (differ) to the childrens lives and future.When I arrived in Kathmandu it was the start of the Chitwan Elephant Festival and I thanked the staff for changing all previous 2. (timetable),and helping me to experience the culture of the festival,3. I enjoyed greatly.4. my stay in Chitwan I experienced elephant rides,washing elephants and I was lucky enough 5. (watch) a rare one-horned rhino (犀牛) calf and its mother,as well as 6. variety of other wild birds and animals.The staff were very helpful,making sure that I was having fun and taking good care of 7. (I).When I first arrived in Nepal and 8. (greet) by the staff,I could really sense that this was an organisation which is devoted to 9. (assist) others and that really shone through.When I was with them,they were always thinking of different ways to 10. (hopeful) help more local people and it was wonderful to see them so fond of helping others.So if you are looking for a memorable,fantastic experience to help others less fortunate than us,then I certainly recommend the project.答案及剖析:1.difference考查名词。make a difference为固定搭配,意为“有作用、有影响”。2.timetables考查名词。timetable为可数名词,由all可知应用复数。3.which考查定语从句。此句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为the culture of the festival,指物,且从句缺宾语。4.During考查介词。此处stay为名词,意为“停留、逗留”,during常用于stay前,表示“在期间”。5.to watch考查非谓语动词。be + 形容词 + enough + to do是固定搭配。6.a考查冠词。a variety of为固定搭配。7.myself考查反身代词。that从句中主语为I,taking good care of的宾语即指主语I,故用反身代词。8.was greeted考查时态语态。I和gree