英语专题之短文改错与书面表达(修改).ppt

In our everyday lives, if we make some mistakes, we should correct them, and then we are still a good fellow. Chairman Maos words,高考短文改错解题方略,Contents,高考短文改错应试策略及答题原则,高考短文改错命题特征及命题趋势,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,高考短文改错真题实战演练,本题满分10分，给出一篇约100个单词的短文，文中有10处错误，要求考生对每个句子进行判断，如有错误即将其改正。错误类型包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等方面的错误。,注意答题说明及答题规范,Introduction,文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加 （1-2个） 在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写上该加的词。 删除 （1-2个） 把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。不计分。 修改 （6-8个） 在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。 注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。 2、只允许修改10处，多者（丛第11处起）不计分。,注意答题说明及答题规范,纵观近年高考英语短文改错题，学生和老师都认为难度不大，然而，每年高考中还是有不少考生对此题深感头痛，主要原因是： 考生的英语基础知识不扎实. 考生缺乏对短文改错命题 特点的了解和做题规律方法的总结.,Problems,动词形，名词数 还要注意形和副 非谓语，细辨别 介词短语要牢记,代词格，细领悟 句子成分多分析 冠词连词常光顾 逻辑错误须关注,A Limerick,错误主要集中在动词的时态、语态，主谓一致等方面。,【2014辽宁卷】 This morning she starts barking even before 5 o clock. 【2014 浙江卷】 Before long, a train inspector comes to check out tickets.,started,came,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,动词形,【2012全国课标卷】 When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy again, my father said, “Thats it. No more toys for you.” 【2013四川卷】 Good night and remember, you, dear diary, is my only souvenir form my past life and my only friend.,tore,are,解决方案 (1) 通读全文，搞清文中动词时态的主旋律 . (2) 结合语境，灵活运用时态形式 . (3) 认真推敲，准确把握主动与被动 .,【2014全国课标卷】 Since thenfor all these yearwe have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please 【2014辽宁卷】 We have called several time about Cleos early barking.,times,years,名词爱考数与格，也要分清可不可,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,名词数,【2013新课标1卷】 He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black to gray over the years. 【 2013新课标2卷】 When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits. 【2013辽宁卷】 I saw him lying in bed, looking at some of the picture we had taken together.,pictures,shoulders,cups,1. 修饰名词用形容词； 2. 修饰动词，形容词，副词及整个句子时用副词； 3. 比较级和最高级的使用。,【2014全国课标卷】 The fruit are small in size, but juicy and taste. 【2014全国课标卷】 We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost.,wonderful,tasty,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,还要注意形和副,【2012陕西卷】 We lived in a comfortably double-room with a big bath. 【2012全国课标卷】 I learned in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive,comfortable,less,【2014辽宁卷】 We are hoping to settle something that bothers to us. 【2014浙江卷】 Dont panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quite and calm.,主要错误为三种：非谓语的混淆；不定式to的遗漏或多用；非谓语与谓语动词的混淆。,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,非谓语，细辨别,try,【2013陕西卷】 Felt hungry, we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish. 【2013四川卷】 Suddenly Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her to copy my answers.,Feeling,asked,解决方案 (1) 纵观全文或全句，明确句中动词所作的句子成分. (2) 系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能. (3) 前后联系，整体把握 .,in the need such many people in hurry in a short in Sunday afternoon,a,on,so,介词多半考搭配,多、漏、误用想周到,介词、短语要牢记,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,【2014全国课标卷】 As result, the plants are growing everywhere. 【2014辽宁卷】 But we do hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter. 【2014四川卷】 Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off.,a,out,about,【2013新课标1卷】 He was tall, with broad shoulders and a beard that turned from black toward gray over the years. 【2013全国新课标2卷】 Interestingly, it had a connection by the British Porcelain industry.,with/to,into/to,【2013辽宁卷】 Every day, he spends too much time with his work. 【2013浙江卷】 To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie. 【2013辽宁卷】 Yesterday afternoon, I paid visit to Mr. Johnson.,on,worse,a,解决方案 (1) 平时的学习中注意积累语言知识，特别是一些固定搭配的记忆 . (2) 强化语法训练，分清连词，副词和介词之间的区别和句法功能 . (3) 语法知识的记忆和语感的培养结合起来 .,人称代词的性别，单复数及代词格的误用； 物主代词，反身代词以及不定代词的误用； “it” 一词的不当使用(包括用于从句中或作形式主语或宾语)； Whose 和whos，its和 its的混淆,代词方面的错误主要体现在：,代词格，须领悟,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,I,me,we,us,you,you,you,you,he,him,she,her,it,it,they,them,【2012陕西卷】 It is such a great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who is going to Beijing. 【2012浙江卷】 I knew they would be worried about myself because I was so far away. 【2013新课标1卷】 He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town.,me,mine,him,解决方案 (1) 顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指代关系，注意联系上下文。 (2) 系统掌握it的各种用法 . (3) 准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使用。,句法涉及到一致, 从句多考引导词（误用，多用或遗漏 ）,【2014辽宁卷】 The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.,has,句子成分多分析,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,【2014年四川卷】 If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt, tell your teacher immediately. 【2012全国课标卷】 But before long they began to see which was happening.,what,【2012 陕西卷】 What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room. 【2013新课标 2卷】 Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night.,was,which,解决方案 （1）不同的句子成分要用不同的词类； （2）不同的语境要选择不同的词语。 （3）只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。,冠词在前 “错” “多” “少”。 常考的错误形式有：冠词the, a, an 的误用，多用或少用。,【2014辽宁卷】 Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day. 【2013四川卷】 The teacher got angry because we had same answers.,an,冠词、连词常光顾,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,the,连词常考 but，and，or, so 等的逻辑错误，以及搭配错误。,【2014全国课标卷】 Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.,yet/或去掉,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,【2012 浙江卷】 He worked hard, but it wasnt surprising that he pass the exam. 【2013新课标1卷】 He had a deep voice, which set him apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful.,and/so,and,【2013辽宁卷】 With little sleep and hardly any break, so he works from morning till night. 【2013浙江卷】 His new job meant I had to say goodbye to my classmates, my school or just everything else I love in the world.,and,【2014辽宁卷】 We appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we do hope that you can figure out a good way of settling the matter. 【2014四川卷】 If its a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us to the classroom.,you,your,逻辑错误须关注,词法句法均未错, 逻辑推理来寻找。主要是句子之间逻辑关系的矛盾，代词在人称上的不一致等。,【2013新课标1卷】 However, he was the gentlest man I have never known. 【2013四川卷】 After thinking for some time, I let her copy my answers. But after the test, all of us were called to the teachers office.,ever,both,三步,高考短文改错应试策略及答题原则,通读全文，把握大意 细读全文，仔细斟酌 再读全文, 复核审查,六原则,以在有错行改动一词为原则. 以改变实词形式为原则. 以单词形式变化最小为原则. 以添加或删除虚词为原则. 以多“改正”少“添删”为原则 以保持原意不变为原则,高考短文改错应试策略及答题原则,四不改,标点符号不改。 大小写不改。 词序错误不改。 单词拼写不改。,高考短文改错应试策略及答题原则,My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when we visit Beijing last month. It is in the downtown area, but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport. We lived in a comfortably double-room with a big bath. What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room. I checked my email messages every day. I also shared for my friends many photos taking in Beijing. The food was wonderful with reasonable prices, and we enjoyed several local dish. It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who is going to Beijing.,【2012陕西卷真题】,高考短文改错真题实战演练,My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when we visit Beijing last month. It is in the downtown area, but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport. We lived in a comfortably double-room with a big bath. What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room.,visited,so/and,comfortable,was,【2012陕西卷解析】,I checked my email messages every day. I also shared for my friends many photos taking in Beijing. The food was wonderful with reasonable prices, and we enjoyed several local dish. It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who is going to Beijing.,with,taken,dishes,a,mine,【2012陕西卷解析】,Dear Diana, Thank you for the lovely day we have with you. It was so kind tor you to let us bring Annes friend. Gina. Unfortunate, the only problem was the journey home. There had been a terrible accident on the highway and, for a result, there was a long line of traffic for at least six mile. In the end, we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear. In the car park Gina nearly got knocked over as a car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry. They finally dropped Gina off at her parents and made our own way to home.,【2012辽宁卷高考真题】,Dear Diana, Thank you for the lovely day we have with you. It was so kind for you to let us bring Annes friend. Gina. Unfortunate, the only problem was the journey home. There had been a terrible accident on the highway and, for a result, there was a long line of traffic for at least six mile.,had,of,Unfortunately,as,miles,【2012辽宁卷解析】,In the end, we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear. In the car park here Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry. They finally dropped Gina off at her parents and made our own way to home.,a,until/till,we,there,【2012辽宁卷解析】,Two years before, I traveled to Brazil and I rented for a car. Unfortunate, I had an accident and hit another car, and I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two week. 1 called my parents, so I did not tell them what had happened. I knew that they will be worried about myself because I was so farther away, and that my mother would not sleep if she knew. Therefore, I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil As a result, nobody knew truth. I still think that it was the right thing to do.,【2012浙江卷高考真题】,高考短文改错真题实战演练,Two years before, I traveled to Brazil and I rented for a car. Unfortunate, I had an accident and hit another car, and I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two week. 1 called my parents, so I did not tell them what had happened.,ago,Unfortunately,weeks,but,【2012浙江卷解析】,I knew that they will be worried about myself because I was so farther away, and that my mother would not sleep if she knew. Therefore, I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil As a result, nobody knew truth. I still think that it was the right thing to do.,would,me,far,interesting,the,【2012浙江卷解析】,短文改错打油诗,短文改错要做好，常见类型应记牢。 名词爱考“数”与“格”，冠词在前“错/多/少”。 动词时态和语态，非谓语搭配莫错了。 连代形副错一样，多是故意来混淆。 介词多半考搭配，多漏误用想周到。 句法涉及到“一致”，从句多考关系词。 词法句法均未错，逻辑推理去寻找。 “127”惯常比，回读复查敲定稿。,改错方式比例： 通常一个多词，两个缺词，七个错词,高考书面表达解题方略,Contents,高考书面表达命题特征及评分原则,影响作文分数之四大因素,高考作文回顾及写作模板与句式,备考策略,考生应能准确使用语法和词汇 语言的准确性是写作中不可忽视的一个重要方面，因为它直接或间接的影响到信息的准确传输。应用语法结构和词汇的准确程度是写作部分评分标准的一项重要内容。 使用一定的句型，词汇，清楚连贯的表达自己的意思 任何一篇文章都有一个主体，作者应该围绕该主题，借助一些句型，词汇的支持，清楚，连贯的表达意思。,高考考试大纲的说明对写作所提的要求是：,Introduction,【评分原则】,1、先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定档次。,第五档. 2125分 第四档. 1620分 第三档. 1115分,第二档. 610分 第一档. 15分 0分,语意连贯且结构完整，叙述事情或表达观点和态度清晰，语言地道，规范，书写工整。,能根据用文字及图表提供的信息写出短文或报告，覆盖所有内容要点,2、 【考纲要点】 ： 内容要点； 词汇和语法的数量和准确性； 上下文的连贯； 语言的得体性,应用了一定的句型和高级词汇,段段衘接自然，全文体现总分总，正文层次感强，有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,影响给分的因素之一： 作文的卷面,漂亮的书写是写作得分的亮点,Which composition feels more attractive, why?,影响给分的因素之二： 文中所采用的语言材料,人靠衣装，文靠词装,A.词汇的选择灵活新颖，出奇制胜；,B.句型结构运用灵活多变;,Practice,1. good 2. think 3.clever,perfect excellent outstanding pleasant wonderful favorable magnificent,in ones opinion/view hold the view that it is widely shared that ,wise bright smart intelligent cute,使用精彩句式，增强语句表现力,1.We were glad to see crops and vegetables growing well. _we were to see crops and vegetables growing well! 2. Radio broadcasts didnt begin until 1920. It was_. 3.He never speaks about his own family. Never_. 4.A notice is saying ”Please Save Water” on the wall. On the wall_. 5.Though he is a child, he knows a lot. _.,How glad,not until 1920 that radio broadcasts began,does he speak about his own family,is a notice saying ”Please Save Water”,Child though/as he is, he knows a lot,影响给分的因素之三： 行文的流畅,上下贯通、一气呵成 正确而巧妙地使用好连接词,1.表递进 .表转折 .表因果 .表目的 .表归纳,and,then,also,besides,morever,whats more furthermore,in addition,more than that.,but,however,although,though,in spite of,despite ，after all,on the contrary,on the other hand.,because,since,therefore,so,hence,thus,consequently ，as a result/consequence,on account of.,in order that,so that,for the purpose of.,in general,in brief,in short,in conclusion, in a word,on the whole.,表示平行、对等或选择关系 and，bothand, as well as, together with, neithernor, also, not onlybut also, eitheror, as well. 表示时间、顺序关系 shortly afterwards, next, finally, in the end, eventually 表示递进、强调关系 besides, furthermore (此外), whats more, worse still, in addition, moreover (而且), to make matters worse, indeed, certainly, surely, above all 表示解释、说明关系 namely (也就是), actually, such as, for example, for instance, that is to say, in other words, and so on, to tell you the truth, according to this,影响给分的因素之四： 文章错误的避免,错误百出，让阅卷老师惨不忍 “读”,Feeling,Last Sunday,went shopping,fish,fruit,got home,fish,and,swept,mopped,surprised,and,felt,but,was,小结： 1. 作文的卷面； -整洁的卷面 2. 文章的语言； -丰富的词汇 3. 行文的流畅； -流畅的结构 4. 文章的准确； -最少的错误,整体三部分,Heading 点题（开门见山）；一两个句子（一定得是好句子）；概括性；暗示性 2. Body 中心记述部分；层次分明 3. Ending 小结；呼应主题,写作技巧与策略,书面表达如何写？,五个步骤,1、审题,题材、人称、时态、要点,2、以词及点：用一两个单词或短语写出每句 话的细节要点。,3、联词成句：用联词成句的方法将上述要点 的词语扩展成句子。,4 联句成文：,注意：,主语和谓语,背景（适当增加时间、地点条件等）,逻辑关系,开头与结尾 语篇衔接,5、检查修改，规范抄写,词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。,运用得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉 。,使用恰当连接词，对写一篇有“英语味”的文章很重要，能使文章上下衔接自然、紧凑。,复合句（名词从句、定语 从句、状语从句等）,感叹句、倒装句,句型的使用,高分技巧,高考作文回顾,(2014年全国卷)假定你是李华，计划暑假间去英国学习英语，为期六周。下面的广告引起了你的注意，请给该校写封信，询问有关情况（箭头所指内容） 注意：1词数100左右； 2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3参考词汇：住宿 accommodation,Dear Sir/ Madam, I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation. Ive seen your ad, and Id like to know something more about your six-week English course. First when will the course start and how many class hours are there per week? Besides, I wish there would not be too many students in a class. Id also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included? Would there be host family or university dormitory? I am looking forward to your early reply. Yours faithfully, Li Hua,（2013年全国卷） 假定你是李华。请给笔友Peter写封信，告诉他你叔叔李明将去它所在城市去开会，带去他想要的那幅中国画，同时询问他是否可以接机。信中还需说明： 李明：高个子，戴眼镜 航班号：CA985 到达：8月6日上午11:30分 说明：1.词数100左右。 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3.开头语和结束语已为你写好。,Dear Peter, How are you doing? Im writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference and Ive asked him to bring you a Chinese painting youve asked before. Also, Id like you to do me favor. Would you please meet my uncle at the airport and take him to his hotel since this is his first visit to the U.S.? Thank you in advance! His light number is CA985 and it will arrive at 11:30 am August 6. My uncle is tall and he is wearing glasses. And he will be in a blue jacket. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua,（2012年全国卷） 假定你是李华，从互联网上得知一个国际中学生组织将在新加坡(Singapore)举办夏令营，欢迎各国学生参加。请写一封电子邮件申请参加。 内容主要包括: I.自我介绍(包括英语能力); 2.参加意图(介绍中国、了解其他国家); 3.希望获准. 注意: 1.词数100左右: 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯; 3.邮件开头和结尾已为你写好。,Dear Sir or Madam, Im Li Hua, a middle school student from China. I read the announcement of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it. I know that you welcome students from different countries and Id like to take part in it. Ive been learning English for10 years, and I speak fluent English. What is more, Ill be able to tell students from other countries about China and learn about their countries as well. I hope