高考题型专题复习阅读填空七选五(28张ppt).ppt

阅读填空（七选五）,高 考 新 题 型,该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中(均为完整的句子)选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式体现了新课标“用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。”的阅读学习和教学理念。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。,一、选材特点。 一般为280300词左右的说明文或议论文，单纯以时间或事件为线索的记叙文不宜于考查逻辑思维能力，一般较少出现。 二、设空特点。 设空类型一般有: 标题类、主题句类、承上启下类、 概括总结类、其他类,三、选项特点。 该题型选项大致可分为三类 主旨概括句(文章整体内容) 过渡性句子(文章结构) 注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义) 另外两个多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除，例如主旨概括句要么过于宽泛要么以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。,步骤一： 快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。 通常有三个四个位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。有时有的答案表述上就是错误的，可以直接从备选项中清除，以降低难度。,步骤二： 快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。 该题型一般为说明文或议论文。 说明文常采用总-分-总的结构形式，第一段说明要说明的主题，下面几段多是从不同的角度来说明问题，最后总结，所以各段之间多是平行关系，经常出现举例说明的现象。 议论文先抛出议题，然后从正反两个方面进行讨论，最后得出结论。新闻体裁的应用文首句为主题句，下面展开细节性的报道。确定文章体裁有利于预测文章各段主要内容和结构形式，形成重要的选择依据。,步骤三： 分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。 分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，说明文和议论文这样体裁的文章，每段的第一句多是主题句。找到主题句有助于帮助确定选择的范围，即所选句子必须和该段主题一致。另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次。,步骤四： 注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。 文章的行文需要通过一定的衔接手段来实现。文章的衔接手段有：重复式用某一词语或子范畴的词语，使用同义语表达，用总称指代具体事物或用具体事物指代整体，使用代词避免重复等。上述方法有助于段落的思路平稳在句子之间过渡。连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语融为一体。段落一致与句子衔接是文章连贯的两个必要因素。,步骤五： 区分相似项。 七选五备选答案中有两个多余的选项，会对文章中两个空的选择构成干扰，这时要特别细致地比对相似选项，方法和答阅读理解时区分相似项一样。 步骤六： 用代入法，检查答案是否合理。 将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。,1.看标题、副标题预测文章大意 2.看选项，找出和文章相对应的关键词 3.通读全文，查看主题句，分析结构 4.看空前空后内容，分析之间的逻辑性 5.灵活掌握答题顺序 (先易后难) 6. 代入答案，重点核查逻辑关系。,一、细节类题型解题技巧 1词汇的衔接 (1)词汇复现 复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。,【例1】 The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly. Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses. 72 So they are called “diseases of civilization”Many cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases. AStone Age people lived a simple life. BBut today, we enjoy eating a lot of these. CIn that case, they would live much healthier. DAncient people also got lots of physical exercise. EThese new sicknesses were not known in ancient times. F. People today probably dont want to live like our ancestors. GModern people used to suffer from “diseases of civilization”.,解析：E项的sicknesses与72空前的sicknesses属于同词复现。,【例2】 On the other hand, the advantages of going overseas may include daytoday opportunities to learn a new culture, meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the language, and chances to see different parts of the world._ Those disadvantages include expense, time away from ones school, family，. AThe following are its advantages. BHowever, there may be a number of disadvantages. CConsider a distance education. DMost of us are adapted to studying at school.,解析：第一句话中有advantages，与B项属于反义词复现。空后的Those disadvantages与B项中的disadvantages属于同词复现。,(2)同范畴词出现 同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。,【例3】 Everybody gets stressed time to time. Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed: (1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. _72_ They might have had similar problems such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.,A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation. C . Different people feel stress in different ways E . You need to figure out what the problem is. F . And dont forget about your friends.,解析：72空前有trusted adult(可以相信的人)该空前的父母、亲戚；还有朋友(And.friends)。,(3)代词线索 英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。 it 可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子；these 或those指代前句的复数名词。,【例4】_73_ They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger，. ADoctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. BHe said that laughter is much healthier than anger. CAnger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.,解析：73空后的they与A项doctors照应。 答案：A,【例5】_72_ Their anger might be so strong that they lose control of their temper. They may act in ways unacceptable and hurtful. People may say that someone has trouble controlling their temper. _73_ EIn fact, they usually mean that a kid behaves badly when feeling angry. GSome kids get angry more often or more easily than some other kids.,解析： 72空后的Their照应G项中的Some kids； 答案：G,解析： 73空前的people照应E项中的they答案：E,2逻辑关系的衔接 过渡性句子可以从细节逻辑上判断可分为： A.并列关系： First(ly)，Second(ly)，.；First, then/ next，.；In the first place, in the second place.；for one thing, for another thing，.；then /next, finally/last 等。 B.递进关系： too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, whats more, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not.but., not only.but also等。 C.解释例证关系： for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words /that is to say等。,D.因果关系： so /therefore, thus, consequently(结果), as a result (of), so/such.that.，so that.等。 E.转折对比关系： but, however, yet, while /though, or /otherwise, on the contrary, instead, nevertheless(然而), still, yet, on the contrary, in contrast/comparison 等。 F.概括归纳关系： in short, in brief, in summary, generally speaking, in general, to conclude, in conclusion, in a word, on the whole, to sum up 等。,【例6】 _ Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. AYou must write your notes on separate paper. BThere are three practical notetaking methods. CFirst, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it. 解析：空后的second明确暗示前面为first。 答案：C,二、 篇章结构类题解题技巧 根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略 1如果问题在段首 通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。,【例7】 (2010新课标全国卷)_73_ When a person is asking a question, show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification. AShow your true interest. BRestate the question with respect. CSome ideas can be quite concrete.,解析：所在空为该段大意。,2如果问题在段尾 (a)空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。 (b)通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 (c)与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。,(d)与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他信号线索。前面的一句与正确答案的第一句是紧密相连的。 (e)所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。 (f)如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。,【例8】It is not easy to deal with all of our fears and worries. When your fears and anxieties have the best of you, try to calm down and then get the facts of the situation. The key is to take it slow. All you can do is do your best each day ,hope for the best ,and when something does happen, take it easy ._ A. Take it one step at a time and things will work out . C. This will give you the confidence to manage your anxiety.,?,态度,方法,高考真题,2014年高考英语课标卷II 七选五解析,Tips for cooking on a Tight Schedule From my experience, there are three main reasons why people dont cook more often: ability, money and time, _36 _Money is a topic Ill save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule: 1. Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when Im already hungry and there is nothing ready to eat. So think about of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials ready?_37_ 2. Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? _38_ it takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal. 3._39_ This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your