独立主格结构和比较级的前修饰词.ppt

,独立主格结构,并列关系,Heading text of sample.,一、独立主格结构,二、比较级的前置修饰词,它有以下三个特点： 1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在 2. 名词或代词与后面的形容词等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 3. 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。,一、概念,1、名词（代词）+现在分词 We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting. The monitor being ill, wed better put the meeting off. 2、名词（代词）+过去分词 The job finished, we went home. The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.,二、独立主格常见类型,3、名词（代词）+不定式Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week. So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. 4、名词（代词）+介词短语 A girl came in, book in hand. He was waiting, his eyes on her back.,5、名词（代词）+形容词 He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. Computers very small, we can use them widely.,6、名词（代词）+副词 The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room. The lights off, we could not go on with the work,7、There being +名词（代词） There being nothing else to do, we went home. There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.,8、It being +名词（代词） It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.,9、with，without 引导的独立主格结构 with ( without)+宾语（名词/代词）+宾语补足语， 前面6种的的独立主格结构的几种情况都适用于此结构。 (1)The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was （without +名词/代词+动词的-ing形式） (2)Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room. （without+名词/代词+动词的-ed形式） (3)The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit. （with+名词/代词+动词不定式）,(4)The boy was walking, with his father ahead. （with+名词/代词+副词） (5)He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或 He stood at the door, computer in hand. （with+名词/代词+介词短语) 在with (without) 的复合结构中，多数情况下with 能省略， 但without 不能省略,三、独立主格结构的用法 独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 1. 用作时间状语 The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home. 2. 用作条件状语 Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.,3. 用作原因状语 An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 4. 用作伴随状语 He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head). 5.表示补充说明 A hunter came in, his face red with cold (=and his face was red with cold).,独立主格结构 1.表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首； 表示原因时还可放在句末； 表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末,注意,.,当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，,可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，,但不再保留连词。如：,After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.,下课,后，学生很快离开了课室。,2.,在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的,being,（或,having been,）不能省略：,(1),独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如,:It being Sunday, we went to church.,因为是星期天，我,们去了做礼拜。,(2),在,There being,名词的结构中。如：,There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.,因为没有公共汽车，,所以我们不得不步行回家,.,当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，,可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，,但不再保留连词。如：,After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.,下课,后，学生很快离开了课室。,2.,在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的,being,（或,having been,）不能省略：,(1),独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如,:It being Sunday, we went to church.,因为是星期天，我,们去了做礼拜。,(2),在,There being,名词的结构中。如：,There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.,因为没有公共汽车，,所以我们不得不步行回家,.,当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，,可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，,但不再保留连词。如：,After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.,下课,后，学生很快离开了课室。,2.,在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的,being,（或,having been,）不能省略：,(1),独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如,:It being Sunday, we went to church.,因为是星期天，我,们去了做礼拜。,(2),在,There being,名词的结构中。如：,因为没有公共汽车，,所以我们不得不步行回家,2.当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时， 可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。 After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom. 3.独立主格结构中的being（having been）不能省略的情况 (1) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。 It being Sunday, we went to church (2)在There being名词的结构中。如： There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.,Thank You,比较级的 前置修饰词,1） 表示数量的词。例如： Shall I get a couple more chairs？ Where can I get a few more computers? It was one-fourth cheaper than the market price. 2）much, far, by far, a lot, lots, a great deal, a bit, a little，somewhat之类表示程度的词。例如： Hes feeling a lot better today. Now I feel a great deal more confident. Shes actually a good deal older than she looks.,16,3）any, some, still, even之类的词。例如： You must go and get some more milk. He is fat, but his brother is still fatter. This book is even more useful than that. 4）no，not any常用在比较级前表示“并不”。 The girl is no clever than you The situation is not any better than before,5）倍数、分数、百分数等表示数量的词常放在比较级前表示具体差别。 My brother is three years older than I 我哥比我大三岁。 The room is two-fifths smaller than your 这间房比你那间小五分之二。 Cotton output is 57 percent higher than last year 棉花产量比去年高百分之五十七,6） by+具体的数量词常放在句未表示具体差别。 He arrived here later than you by an hour. 他比你晚一小时到