lecture2名词所有格与冠词.ppt

名词,单复数,所有格与冠词,名词,名词的分类：,二.名词的数： 规则变化的可数名词复数形式,II不可数名词：,1物质名词转化为可数名词。 He prefers coffee to tea. -What would you like to drink? -A coffee, please. Longjing is a famous tea in China. 2.抽象名词转化为可数名词。 Failure is the mother of success. As a teacher , she is a success, but as a mother, she is a failure because she devotes little time to looking after her child.,名词所有格,1、“ ” + S 单数名词：在末尾加s the boys father, her son-in-laws photo 复数名词：一般在末尾加 the teachers room, the twins mother 不规则复数名词后加s the childrens toys, womens rights 以s结尾的人名所有格加s或者 Dickens novels, the Smiths house 表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加s 表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加s Jane and Marys father Janes and Marys bikes 表示“某人家”“店铺”，所有格后名词省略 the doctors, the barbers, the tailors, my uncles,2、of+ 名词 用于无生命的东西： the legs of the chair=the chairs legs 用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时： the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词： the struggle of the oppressed 3、双重所有格 a friend of mine the important theory of Einsteins,冠词,冠词分为 不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词 I. 不定冠词的用法： 1. 指一类人或事，相当于a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly. 2. 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 A boy is waiting for you. 3. 表示“每一”相当于every，one We study eight hours a day. 4. 表示“相同”相当于the same We are nearly of an age.,5. 用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性 质的人或事 A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out. That boy is rather a Lei Feng. 6. 用于固定词组中 A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time 7. 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后 This room is rather a big one.,II. 定冠词的用法：,1. 表示某一类人或物 The horse is a useful animal. 2. 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean 3. 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 Would you mind opening the door? 4. 用于乐器前面 play the violin, play the guitar 5. 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 the rich, the living, the wounded 6. 表示“一家人”或“夫妇” the Greens, the Wangs,7. 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前 He is the taller of the two children. 8. 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前 the United States, the Communist Party of China 9. 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代 in the 1990s 10. 用于表示单位的名词前 I hired the car by the hour. 11. 用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间的词组前 He patted me on the shoulder.,III. 零冠词的用法,1. 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名 等名词前 Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air 2. 名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every 等限制 I want this book, not that one. Whose purse is this? 3. 季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前 March, Sunday, National Day, spring 4. 表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前 Lincoln was made President of America.,5. 学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前 He likes playing football/chess. 6. 与by连用表示交通工具的名词前 by train, by air, by land 7. 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时 husband and wife, knife and fork day and night 8. 表示泛指的复数名词前 Horses are useful animals,名词模块,名词的功能,作主语，宾语，介词宾语，宾语补助语，表语，定语，名词状语。 所有格 主谓一致 冠词应用,1. 吸收营养是食肉者吃肉的主要原因。 2.有氧运动最适合久坐不动的人保持健康。 3.工作和生活的压力容易导致小毛病。 4. 压力是你对自认为是挑战或威胁的事情的反应。 5.垃圾食品导致“沙发土豆”数量不断增长。,被动吸烟每年造成美国3000到5000名不吸烟者患肺癌死亡。 主格，宾格，所有格 吸烟者的烟瘾导致一系列健康问题。 Smokers addiction to cigarettes causes a host of serious health conditions. 素食者的饮食被认为比肉食者的健康 Vegetarians diet is believed to be more wholesome than flesh-eaters.,吃肉的习惯对血液循环有害。 The habit of eating meat endangers blood circulation. 主谓一致 随着快餐越来越受欢迎，传统食品的特色在削弱 As the popularity of fast food increases, the characteristics of traditional food are deteriorating. 看电视以及其他无需运动的娱乐组长了吃零食等不健康饮食习惯。 Watching TV as well as other non-active recreations encourages snacks and unhealthy eating patterns.,冠词,年轻人通常做的运动比老年人的运动更需要力气A young man usually does exercises that need more strength than those of an old man. 超重的青少年有70%的机会成为超重或肥胖的成年人。 The overweight adolescent has a 70% chance of becoming an overweight or obese adult. 电脑和电脑游戏导致了孩子们生活懒散。 The computer and video games contribute to childrens inactive lifestyles.,以前认为穷人不会患有肥胖症，但现在不那么认为了。 The poor used to