国际商务合同内容构成与缮制.ppt

国际商务合同内容构成与缮制,一、国际商务英文合同的内容构成,（一）约首(Preamble，or Heading) （二）约因条款或鉴于条款（Whereas Clause, or recitals) （三）主文/基本条款(Body) （四）约尾或合同法律效力(Witness Clause，Validation ),the corporate or personal names of the parties to the contract and their nationalities, principal places (addresses) of business or residential addresses; the name and number of the contract; the date and place for signing the contract.,说明当事人订约经过和目的，通常包括：当事人经营的业务；磋商经过；订约的本意。常用于技术贸易合同中，但也不限于此。,国际商务合同的正文部分是合同的实质性条款，这些基本条款主要有：Name and Specification、Quantity Clause、Packing Clause、Price Clause、Shipment Clause、Insurance Clause、Payment、Inspection、Discrepancy Or Claim、Arbitration、Force Majeure and etc.,合同的份数,使用的文字和效力以及双方的签字,二、国际商务英文合同主要条款解析与填制,导引案例:主要合同条款分析 商品品名及规格： 中国大米 碎粒 15% 杂质 1% 水分 14% 数量: 1000 吨 包装: 麻袋装 价格: 每吨420美元 CIFC2伦敦净价，佣金2%。 交货: 2007年9月卖方必须确保货物在10月15日前到达买方。 保险：投保一切险、战争险以及受潮受热险。 支付: 信用证支付,品质条款规定的太死，不科学也无法履约,计量单位不准确，数量条款应有一定的机动,包装条款过于笼统,贸易术语使用不正确。CIFC2与净价相矛盾,卖方不应保证货物到达的准确时间，风险太大且与CIF术语的性质相矛盾,一切险中已经包括受潮受热险，重复投保,支付方式的规定太笼统，应该具体化，否则无法操作。,引例英文表达,Commodity Name & Specifications: Chinese Rice Broken Grains（MAX.） 15% Admixture（MAX.） 1% Moisture（MAX.） 14% Quantity: 1000 M/T 5% MORE OR LESS AT SELLERS OPTION Packing: In gunny bags of 100 kgs. each gross for net (In gunny bags, each containing 100 kgs) Unit Price: USD420 PER M/T CIF LONDON Total Price: USD420,000 (SAY US DOLLARS FOUR HUNDRED AND TWENTY TWO THOUSAND ONLY),Payment: THE BUYER SHALL OPEN THROUGH A BANK ACCEPTABLE TO THE SELLER AN IRREVOCABLE SIGHT L/C TO REACH THE SELLER 30DAYS BEFORE THE MONTH OF SHIPMENT VALID FOR NEGOTIATION IN CHINA UNTIL THE 15TH DAY AFTER THE DATE OF SHIPMENT Delivery: SHIPMENT FROM SHANGHAI TO LONDON NOT LATER THAN THE END OF SEPT. 2006 WITH PARTIAL SHIPMENT AND TRANSHIPMENT ALLOWED Insurance:TO BE COVERD BY THE SELLER FOR 110% OF THE INVOICE VALUE AGAINST ALL RISKS AND WAR RISK AS PER CIS OF PICC DATED 1 JAN. 1981,1、Name and Specification,复习： Means to express quality： Sales by sample；sales by specifications；Grade or standard； Sales by brand Sales by Description,订立品质条款应注意的问题:,1) 正确使用品质表示的方法。 2）对于某些产品可以规定质量机动幅度Quality Flexible Range和品质公差条款Quality Tolerance Clause 3）品质条款要订得科学、合理，不能订得过高、过低、过繁、过死。 4) 用价格来控制交货品质的变化，规定品质增减价条款,品质条款举例,例1：Printed Shirting Yarn no. of threads Width （counts） （per inch） （inch） 3036 7269 35/36” 中文：印花布 纱支 纱线密度 幅阔 （支数） (每英寸) (英寸) 例2：Chinese Grey Ducks Down, Down Content 18%， 1% more or less allowed 中文：灰鸭毛，含绒量18%，允许1%增减.,例3：S239 20cm Christmas Bear with cap and scarf, as per the samples dispatched by the seller on 20 Jul. 2007 例4：China sesame seed Moisture (max.)8%, Oil content (wet basis ethyl ether extract) 52% basis. Should the oil content of the goods actually shipped be 1% higher or lower, the price will be accordingly increased or decreased by 1% and fraction will be proportionally calculated. 中国芝麻，水分（最高）8%，含油量（湿态，乙醚浸出物）52%。如果实际装运货物的含油量高出或低于1%，价格相应增减1%，不足整数部分，按比例计算。,2、Quantity Clause 数量条款,订立数量条款应注意的问题： 1）注意计量单位的选用。 2）按重量计算的商品应明确以哪种计重方法，即按毛重、净重或以毛作净。在合同中没有注明时，按惯例应以净重计量。 3）使用“约量”必须注意机动幅度及适合的情况 4）使用溢短装条款时，应注明溢短装部分的百分比及其选择权、作价原则等,Example 1：Chinese Rice 20,000 M/T, 5% more or less at sellers option. 中文：中国大米 20，000公吨，5%增减（上下）由卖方决定 Example 2：Chinese Sesame 10,000 metric tons, gross for net, 5% more or less at sellers option at contract price. 中文：中国芝麻10，000公吨，以毛作净，卖方可溢短装5%，增减部分按合同价计算。,3、Packing Clause,订立包装条款应注意的问题： 1)要注意所在国对包装的特殊要求 2)除非买卖双方对包装方式的具体内容事先进行过充分交换意见或由于长期业务交往取得一致认识，合同中一般采用具体的规定方法。 3)运输标志一般由卖方提供，无须在合同中规定， 如果买方要求提供也可以接受，但必须在装运前一定时间将标志通知卖方，否则卖方有权自行决定,填制合同的用语： （1）“in ” 用某物包装，用某种形式装； 举例：In cartons of 50 kilos net each. （2）“inofeach”或“in, each containing”用某物包装，每件装多少； 举例：In wooden cases of 50 dozen each or: In wooden cases, each containing 50 dozen （3）“inofeach, to”用某物包装，每件装多少，若干件装于一大件中 举例：In international standard tea cartons of 20kg each, 10 cartons to a pallet, 10 pallets to a FCL container.,Shipping Marks: 必须写明买方或卖方决定“at Sellers option”/“at Buyers option” 唛头的构成：共四行 第一行：收货人 第二行：合同号 第三行：目的地 第四行：件号,4、 Price Clause,Unit Price: 五个部分组成,缺一不可， 书写顺序：计价货币, 单价金额, 计量单位，贸易术语，港口名称。 Total Value: 给出大小写两种写法， 即先用数字后用文字填写。 用文字填写注意三点：（1）第一个词用“SAY”，最后用“ONLY”一词；（2）两种写法：每个单词的第一个字母大写，或者所有字母都大写；（3）币种也可以写在后面。,Example： Total Value: US$ 35,500.00 (In Figure) In Words: Say US Dollars Thirty-five Thousand Five Hundred Only. Or: SAY US DOLLARS THIRTY-FIVE THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED ONLY; Or: Say Thirty-five Thousand Five Hundred US Dollars Only.,5、 Shipment Clause,订立装运条款应注意的问题： 1）应明确规定具体装运时间 2）一般选择费用低，装卸效率高的港口作为装运港和目的港 3）注意分批装运、转运，尤其是特殊的分运、转运条款的规定,举例,Shipment within 30 days after receipt of L/C. The relevant L/C must reach the seller not later than Oct. 25, 2007 Port of loading: Ningbo/Shanghai/Guangzhou Port of destination: Hamburg/Rotterdam/London In May 2007 with transshipment at Copenhagen. transshipment not permitted/not allowed/prohibited.,6、Insurance Clause 保险条款,CIF合同下，保险合同一般包括四个部分：由何方办理保险(to be covered by)、投保金额(for amount)、投保险别(against risks)、保险条款规定执行的依据(as perclause ) 掌握句型: to be covered by foragainstas per Example: Insurance to be covered by the Sellers for 110% of the invoice value against All Risks and War Risks as per (or subject to) Ocean Marine Cargo Clause of the Peoples Insurance Company of China （PICC） dated Jan. 1，1981.,保险条款简写,在中国投保的依据条款一般简写为：AS PER CIC OF PICC DATED JAN. 1, 1981. (中国人民保险公司的中国保险条款 CIC- CHINA INSURANCE CLAUSES) 国际流行的投保依据条款一般简写为：AS PER ICC DATED JAN. 1, 1982. （英国伦敦保险协会的协会货物条款ICC INSTITUTE CARGO CLAUSE）,7、Payment,电汇支付方式（T/T）：例1、例2 付款交单支付方式（D/P） ：例3、例4 承兑交单支付方式（D/A） ：例5 信用证支付方式（L/C）：例6、例7 托收与信用证结合的支付方式 ：例8,8、Inspection,合同中的商检条款一般包括检验机构；检验内容、检验标准和检验证书；检验时间和地点 Inspection: The Inspection Certificate of Quality/Quantity/Sanitation issued by ENTRY-EXIT INSPECTION AND QUARANTINE BUREAU OF CHINA shall be regarded as evidence of the Sellers delivery.,9、Discrepancies and claims,Discrepancy: In case of quality discrepancy, claim should be lodged by the Buyers within XX days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination, while for quantity discrepancy, claim should be lodged by the Buyers within XX days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination. In all cases, claims must be accompanied by Survey Reports of Recognized Public Surveyors agreed by the Sellers. Should the responsibility of the subject under claim be found to rest on the part of the Sellers, the Sellers shall, within XX days after receipt of the claim, send their reply to the Buyers together with suggestions for settlement.,10、Arbitration,Arbitration: All disputes arising in connection with this Sales Contract or the execution thereof shall be settled by way of amicable negotiation. In case no settlement can be reached, the case at issue shall then be submitted for arbitration to China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission in accordance with the provisions of the said Commission. The arbitral award shall be deemed as final and binding upon both parties. The fee, for arbitration shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the Commission.,11、 Force Majeure,Force Majeure : The Sellers shall not be held responsible if they fail, owing to Force Majeure cause or causes, to make delivery within the time stipulated in this Sales Contract or cannot deliver the goods. However, the Sellers sha