高中语法之定语从句.ppt

定语从句,在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句 叫定语从句;相当于名词和形容词的作用。 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 连接先行词和从句的词叫做关系代词或 关系副词,Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is the house where he lived ten years ago.,关系代词和关系副词的作用 1、引导作用 2、替代作用 3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用,1 .Those who want to go please sign your names here. （ 主语） 2. This is the house where he was born. （地点状语） 3. Bill, who I met yesterday, asked me a lot of questions. （宾语）,1,关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose） 的指代关系,2,3,在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系 词可用which或that，二者常可以互换； 但在下列情况中，只能用that，不用which：,当先行词是不定代词all, a lot, few, much, none, anything, nothing等或被不定代词all, any, no, much, little, few, every所修饰时。 All that can be done has been done. We heard clearly every word that he said.,(2) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。 The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets. (3) 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰时. This is the best film that I have ever seen.,(4) 当先行词被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修饰时。 This is the very book that I want to find. (5) 当先行词既指人又指物时 She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most.,下面情况不用that: This is the book about we are talking now Tom studies hard and is ready to help others, his parents expect. Whats that is flying in the sky?,which,介词后面：,which,非限性定语从句中：,当先行词本身是that时：,which,在下列情况中，只能用which ，不用that ：,as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点： as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。 as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，常可翻译为“正如，正像”；而which常译为“这一点，这件事” 在限制性定语从局中，如果先行词被as, so ,the same, such 修饰时，关系代词常用as,which和as的区别:,which和as的区别,1._ is reported in the newspapers , talks between the two countries are making progress. 2. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others , _ , of course , made the others envy him . 3._ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. 4. Lets read such books will make them better.,As,As,as,which, as多用于一些习惯用语中： as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样 as is well known = as is known to all 众所周知 as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样 as often happens 正如经常发生的那样 as has been said before 如上所述 as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的,5,关系副词when, where, why的用法 关系副词一般都等于一个适当的介词which，在从句中作状语。 when= in/at/on/during+which where= in/at/on/+which why=for +which 1 Do you still remember the day _ we went to visit the museum together? 2 This is the factory _ my father once worked. 3 This is the reason _ he was late.,when/ on which,where / in which,why / for which,(1)限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you?,(2)非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.,引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有： who, whom, whose, which, as, when 和 where 不可以用that和why 另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常用并列句或简单句来表达。 I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother. = I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother.,(三) 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。,The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising.,I dont like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her.,The way _ you thought of to solve the problem is wonderful. A which B in which C whom D whose I dont like _ you learn English. A the way B the way in that C the way which D the way of which,whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中 做定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 我把那本封面是蓝色的书弄丢了。 I lost the book whose cover was blue.,注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替： The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 在定语从句中，whose + 名词 _,名词 + of which,考点1. 关系代词与关系副词的选择,用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）.,若从句缺主语、宾语、表语，必须用关系代词 若从句中不缺主语、宾语或表语，必须用 关系副词,A. I know a place where we can have a picnic.,I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.,Compare :,B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.,I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.,C. This is the reason why he was dismissed.,This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.,1. This is the place _ he works. This is the place _ we visited last year. 2. That was the time _ he arrived. Do you still remember the days _we spent together? 3. This is the reason _ he went. The reason _ he gave us was quite reasonable. 4. His father works in a factory _ radio parts are made. His father works in a factory _ makes radio parts.,where / in which,(which/that),when,(which/that),why / for which,(which/that),where,which/that,考点2 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,【1】当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词 只能用which / whom / whose In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help. Recently I bought an vase, the price of which was very reasonable. Mr Smith, in whose department she worked, came to see her.,1. Do you know the boy _ _ your mother is talking? 2. I still remember the day _ _ I first got to Paris. 3. He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar.,to whom,with which,on which,This is the child who/ whom/ that I will look after.,5. 译：这是我要照顾的小孩。,4. He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar with.,which / that / 不填,考点3 what 与 定语从句引导词which/that,1 Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. A which B what C whatever D that 2 He came late again, _ made his teacher very angry. _ made the teacher angry was that he came late again. _ made the teacher angry that he came late again. A it B what C which,C,B,A,1. We feed children _are hungry. A whom we think B who we think C we think who D we think whom 2. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A which I think is B which I think it is C which I think it D I think which it is,考点4 注意插入语,考点5 定语从句中的主谓一致,1 I, who _ your husband, should be responsible for you. (be) 2 He is one of the students who _ been to America. He is the (only) one of the students who _ been to America. (have) 3 To own a computer in families, which we thought_ impossible 20 years ago, now becomes true. (be),am,have,has,was,wherethat 1.This is the library_I borrowed the book. 2.It is from this library_I borrowed the book.,where,定语从句,that,强调句型,定语从句与强调句,3. -Where did you last see Mr. Smith? -It was in the hotel_ I lived. A. that B. which C. where D. when,近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。,考点6 综合考查,定语从句与同位语从句,1. We all have heard the news_ our team won. 2. We dont believe in the news _ he told us yesterday.,that,(that/which),定语从句与表语从句,The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （05 江苏） A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which,that/which,不能无先行词 找准先行词 看成分判断关系词 （主要看在从句中充当什么成分）,对比训练与巩固,1. We should go to the place_ we are most needed. 2. We should go to the place_ needs us most. A. it B. where C. that D. what,B,C,对比训练,1. It was October_we met in Damiao for the first time. 2. It was in October_we met in Damiao for the first time. A. that B. which C. when D. while,C,A,对比训练,1. He is such a good teacher_ we all like him. 2. He is such a good teacher_ we all like. A. whom B. that C. as D. which,B,C,1 He often helps the students _ he thinks are not quick at their studies. A whom B who C when D because 2 This is Mr. Smith, _ I think has something interesting to tell us. A who B whom C that D / 3 I will hire the man _ they say is a good English speaker. A who B that C which D whom,1 Is this the museum _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 2 Is this museum _ some German friends visited last Wednesday? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 3 -How do you like the book? -Its quite different from _ I read last month. A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what,1.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child. A. which B. when C. that D. where 2 The gentleman you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom 3. Please take any seat is free. A. which B. where C. in which D. that 4. The old man has two sons, is a soldier. A. one of whom B. both of them C. all of whom D. none of them 5. This is the shi