一篇英语毕业论文.doc

武汉科技大学本科毕业论文 摘 要 笔者通过观看美国电影心灵捕手认识到一个人的经历对性格形成具有决定性作用，性格是一个人的生活经历的反映，带有经历的烙印。同时笔者意识到童年经历的重要性，以及性格缺陷给人的生活和社会交往带来巨大阻碍。本文首先从电影主人公威尔入手，分析他的经历、性格以及他的性格在其生活中的影响作用。接着文章对性格做一个总体介绍，包括性格的概念、特征、类型以及形成和发展，其中重点介绍性格的形成因素，包括遗传因素和环境因素两大方面。然后结合儿童时期的性格发展和威尔的经历分析威尔是如何形成自卑、性情暴戾以及防御性强等这些特定性格的。最后对文章做总体概括，得出结论，指明论文研究的意义。 本文通过分析研究证明一个人的经历对性格的形成具有关键作用，威尔的性格与其童年的悲惨经历有着密不可分的关系，而这种经历造成的性格缺陷也给威尔的生活造成了很大困扰。因此，该文通过研究儿童性格的发展以及性格形成的影响因素，呼吁家长关心爱护儿童，关注他们的成长，为培养健全的人格奠定基础，以便更好地与人交往、融入社会。关键词：儿童经历；性格形成；影响因素abstract the writer learns from the american movie good will hunting that ones experience plays a decisive role in the formation of personality. actually personality is the reflection of ones experience. at the same time, the writer realizes the importance of childhood experiences, and that character flaws can become huge obstacles in peoples life and social interaction. this paper starts with will, the protagonist of the movie, analyzing his experience, personality and the effect of his personality on his life. then the thesis offers a general introduction of character, including the concept of personality, characteristics, types and the formation and development. the key points focus on the formation factors of personality, including genetic and environmental ones. then the paper combines personality development in childhood and wills experience to analyze how will form the personality of inferiority, violent temper and strong defensiveness. finally the paper draws a conclusion and indicates the significance of this research.the research proves that a persons personal experience plays a key role in the formation of character and wills personality is closely related with his miserable childhood. and in return, the character flaws caused by miserable experience have bothered will a lot in his adult life. this paper aims to study the development of a childs character and the influence factors of personality formation. at the same time the writer calls for parents to take care of children and pay attention to their growth, laying foundation on their developing perfect personality so as to better communicate with people and adapt to the society.key words: childhood experience; formation of personality; influencing factorscontents1 introduction.12 general introduction of the movie.1 2.1 analysis of wills experience and personality.1 2.2 effect of wills personality on his life.2 3 general introduction of personality.3 3.1 concept of personality.3 3.2 traits of personality.4 3.3 types of personality.5 3.4 factors of personality formation.7 4 analysis of formation of wills personality.10 4.1 personality development in childhood.10 4.2 wills childhood experience and personality formation12 5 conclusion.13 5.1 importance of childhood experience.13 5.2 research significance and revelation.14 bibliography.16acknowledgments.1717an analysis of impact on characters formation from childhood experience: through good will hunting1 introduction with the rapid development of modern society and the improvement of science and technology, peoples living environment, life style, values and behavior patterns have changed greatly. whats more, many problems are emerging from peoples lives, such as the fast pace of life, the huge pressure of work, the heavy burden of study, the confusion of interaction and marriage problems, which make it difficult for people to adapt to the society. in consequence, they fall into negative emotions of depression, anguish and confusion. therefore, modern people need good personality to balance the competitive society and personal competence. (朱宝荣、周楚，2006)in order to cultivate childrens capacity of better adapting to the society, and help them grow to be a new generation of talents with healthy personality, healthy psychology, innovative spirit and practical ability, this paper will go further research and provide evidence for childrens healthy development.2 general introduction of the movie good will hunting is a psychological film and is a huge success in american film history. it won two oscar awards for best supporting actor and best original screenplay. the films writers are the two who play will and charlie in the movie. the film tells an inspirational and touching story about will, a man who is very talented, but has been bothered with psychological problems. by accepting psychological consultations, he releases the pain that has repressed in his heart for years, and figures out what he really wants. this paper will go further study and analyze wills personality. 2.1 analysis of wills experience and personality wills experience in childhood is miserable and suffering. when he should be treated with familys love and care, only violence, rudeness, suffering and abuse are left in his world. childhood experience makes him a stubborn boy with strong defensive mind. it seems that he shuts everyone out of his heart and no one can get close to him. as long as outside things try to encroach him or he realizes threats are coming, he will choose to take back his trust. so during the psychological consultations, if those psychologists try to spy on wills inner world, he will insult and mock them to protect his dignity and conceal the pain deeply hidden in his heart. when he grows up, he works as a cleaner in mit, a famous college thats far away from where he lives. although he hangs out with his friends, he leaves time for himself to solve a difficult math question. when his girlfriend requires to visit his family, he lies again and again. all those things tend to prove that he is a fake person who refuses to admit the reality. through the film, it can be learned that wills personalty is more closely related to his childhood experience, which also causes his character flaws. he does not begin to face his psychological problems and his personality until sean, a psychologist who has similar experience, becomes his psychological doctor and helps him. 2.2 effect of wills personality on his life personality is formed from social environment, and the interaction between personality and objective environment. good personality can provide positive guidance for the application and development of a persons ability and it can make a persons intelligence work in the right path, serving the society and collective. oppositely, defective personality can make a persons intelligence astray, bring harm to society and others. good personality can make a persons wisdom potential fully used and even make up a persons deficiencies. however, character flaws will block the application and development of a persons ability. wills personality has influenced his life deeply. will is a talented person that no one can match, and he has got a good memory. he can solve a problem in a short time that others can not solve in their entire lives. but his character flaws make his talent submerged in reality, his ability difficult to develop. as a result, his talent cannot bring benefits to society. his character flaws, such as rudeness, violence, lead to his frequent fighting, disturbing social orders, which bring inconvenience to others. in addition, many of his behaviors are guided by his personality. for example, will is strongly defensive, and he will conceal his feelings and thoughts as much as he could. he will not tell frankly to his friends that he wants to go home early, so as to solve a mathematical problem. instead of telling his experience and suffering to psychological doctors, he refuses them with abusive language. last but not least, will is cynical and rebellious. childhood experiences make him believe that there is no justice in the world, which contribute to his personality of vanity. because of that, he chooses to be a cleaner in a colleges, revenge the one who used to bully him, and humiliate the arrogant harvard students. all these actions are the expression of his personality.3 general introduction of personality both western and our countys scholars have been studying personality for quite a long time. chinese scholars concern on personality can be traced back to ancient times, and there are many ancient books are about personality such as the four books, the five books, the zuo commentary and history records. confucius, mencius and xun zi are the most famous ancient scholars during the spring and autumn period. mencius and xun zi respectively advance theory of originally goodness of human nature and theory of original evil of human nature. theophrastus, who lived before bc300, wrote the book personality, which is known as the earliest monograph about personality. (周瑛、胡玉平，2007)this thesis is going to introduce personality as below: 3.1 concept of personality personality is a dynamic organization, inside the person, of psychophysical systems that create the persons characteristic patterns of behavior, thoughts, feelings and emotions.(ryckman, 2008:127)this definition makes several points:* personality is not just an accumulation of bits and pieces, it has organization * personality does not just lie there, its alive, it has processes of some sort * personality is a psychological concept, but its tied to the physical body * personality is a causal force; it helps determine how the person relates to the world * personality shows up in patterns: recurrences and consistencies * personality is displayed not just in one way but in many ways, in behaviors, thought and feelings(charles s. carver & micheal f. scheier, 2000:56) this definition covers a lot of grounds, pointing to several elements that ought to be parts of any theoretical conceptualization of personality. as good as it is, it is not perfect. but it really is an achievement of personality psychologists who have struggled for many years. personality does not come into formation overnight, but once formed, it will be stable and play an important role in a persons activity. personality is reflected in a persons behavior and his attitude towards the reality.恩格斯写到：“人的性格不仅表现在他做什么，而且表现在他怎样做。”(engels used to say that ones personality is not only about what he does but also about how he does.)（马克思恩格斯选集第四卷，1972:334）personality develops on the basis of practical activities and interactions between human and the world and it throws light on the difference between people. most of all, personality embodies the essence of a person. 3.2 traits of personality traits are qualities of personality that are relevant to everyone. discussions of traits usually assume that people differ on variables or dimensions. in trait theories, people differ from each other in the amounts of the various characteristics they have in their personality. to put it another way, in this view differences among people are quantitative rather than qualities. when it comes to what traits matter, there have been serious disagreements and different people approach it in different ways. but all trait theorists face the same logical problem and share the same tool to find the answer: factor analysis. the basic idea of factor analysis is simple: if two or more characteristics covary(very along with each other )when assessed across many people, they may reflect on underlying trait. by examining patterns of covariation, you can discover the trait dimensions that underline the measured qualities. you start by collecting measurements on many variables, across large numbers of people and then extract factors from the collected data and computed correlation. next you describe the factors in terms of a set of factor loading and the final step in the factor analysis is loading the factors, the most delicate part of the whole process.(bhatti,2002) raymond cattell, an early contributor, contributes to trait psychology study traits with two approaches: lexical approach and multivariable approach. (engler, 2008)lexical approach means studying qualities of personality through language, because he thinks that qualities of personality described by lots of words are more important than ones described by just a few. multivariable approach, used by hans eysencks, means using several steps of data to balance the problems of each type. after conducting many analyses on various kinds of data, cattell came to believe that personality is captured in a set of 16 dimensions. if raymond cattells approach is concluded as“let reality reveal personality”, hans eysencks will be as“start from a theory”. eysenck thinks that theorists should begin with well-developed ideas about what qualities they want to measure. the two super traits eysenck posed as the underlying dimensions of personality are introversion-extraversion and emotionality-stability (or neuroticism ). both cattell and eysencks have used factor analysis, but they have different goals. cattell used factor analysis to find out what dimensions exist, while eysenck used it to refine his scales (by seeing which items didnt load well )and to confine the scales measure two factors, as intended. 3.3 types of personality the division of personality is based on its uniqueness and common sense, and every single type is concluded from a large group of people who own similar personality. the purpose of type study is to better understand personality. type is neither about general characteristics nor about individual characteristics. its a sign distinguishing a group of people from another group. because of the complexity of personality and different standards, there are many kinds of personality type theories. the following will state several main type theories popular with psychologists. one of the important type theories is the body type theory, and e.kretschmer, a germany psychologist, is a famous representative.（高玉祥，2007）according to this theory, based on physical biology and clinical psychiatry, researchers observe and test the somatotype of people and they think a persons personality is related to his somatotype. according to the results, people who are thin and tall tend to be emotional, thoughtful, repressed, hard to sleep, tired and they are not good at socialization. although they are kind of introvert, they are enthusiastic and responsible for their jobs. people who are strong tend to be energetic, brave, frank, adventurous, aggressive and have strong desires for power. finally, people who are fat tend to be lazy, but they are very easy-going, good at socialization. this kind of people prefer to enjoy their lives, and they like delicious food and sleeping. another type theory is put forward by c. g. jung and he divide people as introvert and extrovert.(陈仲庚,1986)people who are extrovert have the tendencies toward sociability, craving excitement, liveness, activeness, and dominance. the emotional stability of them concerns the ease and frequency with which the person becomes upset and distressed.introvert groups are people who are introvert and emotionally stable to be careful, controlled, calm, and thoughtful in their actions. according to peoples concern degree of different areas, psychologist put forward value-oriented type theory. w. dilthey and e.spranger are well known representatives of this theory.（高玉祥，2007） e.spranger noticed peoples values differ in their lives and he linked individual values and culture to come up with value-oriented type theory. according to his theory, he divided people into six groups with specific personality. first, the economic type. this kind of people pay attention to an objects value and figure out whether its beneficial. if it could not bring economic interest, it would be useless. in a word, people belonging to this type are total egoist. second, theoretical type. this kind of person observe things calmly and objectively, and they strive to grasp the essence of things. they pursue dreams and goals but are weak in solving practical problems. third, the aesthetic type. this kind of people are very subjective in real life. they often feel passive in all aspects and have no interests in true life. fourth, the religious type. this kind of people think their believes as the highest values. they deny reality, but admit the absolute vitality of religion. fifth, the power type. such people tend to have stong consciousness of power, and are filled with strong desires for controlling and commanding others. they always determine by themselves and mistakenly think that other things are mean to serve him. sixth, the social type. those people hold the opinion that they should contribute to the society and help others. they highlight the importance of contribution.3.4 factors of personality formation in the formation of character and development issues, there are two kinds of extreme views in history. one is genetic determinism, and the other is environmental determinism. now it is generally thought that personality is the result of both genetic factors and environmental factors. genetic factors are the biological fundament of the formation of personality and also potential factors of personality development. heredity makes personality development possible. the environment plays a decisiv