《级翻译备考》PPT课件.ppt

2009年6月日四六级备考 词汇综合部分,陈少清 ,改革后的分值比重和题型顺序,比重变化 老题型 新题型 - 听力 20% 35% - 阅读 40% 35% - 词综 25% 15% - 写作 15% 保持不变 结论： 得听力者得天下；得阅读者守天下,顺序变化 以新题型四级为例,Part I 写作 9：10- 9：40 作文部分（在答题卡一上做作文部分，时间是半个小时） Part II 快速阅读 9：40- 9：55 快速阅读（同样是做在答题纸一上，15分钟时间） 9：55-10：00 收答题卡一 Part III 听力 10：00-10：35 Part IV 仔细阅读 10：35-11：00 Part V 完型填空（四）或改错（六） 11：00-11：15 Part VI 中译英（四 六）或简答 11：15-11：20,四六级词汇综合题型,15选10或短文回答 汉译英 (核心语法&词组词汇) 改错 (十大错误归类) 完形填空 (高频词&形近意近词),四级汉译英,考点 1 语法考点 虚拟语气 倒装 从句 2 词组词汇考点 重复的高频词组 注：极大的减少工作量,虚拟语气,四级：06-6-89，06-12-89/90 六级：大纲样题72，06-12-新72， 07-6-84，07-12-82， 08-6-83 08-12-84 注：六级在新题型中，每次5题翻译中必考一次虚拟语气。,倒装,四级：大纲样题88，06-6-90，08-6-91 六级：大纲样题76，06-12-新76， 07-6-83，07-12-86， 08-6-85 注：同样地，六级在新题型中，每次5题翻译中必考一次倒装。,虚拟语气3大考点,1. 建议句型 2. 对过去的虚拟 3. 含蓄条件句 （仅六级考察，四级不做要求）,虚拟语气,1. 建议句型 a) Sb. suggest that one (should) do sth. 建议 suggest advise, propose 要求 require, request, desire 命令 demand, order, command 其他 recommend, insist, prefer 注：不用背，只要看到知道后面用虚拟。,虚拟语气,1. 建议句型 b) It is + adj. /Ved+ that sb. should do sth Ved: 就是前面罗列的四类动词的过去式也用虚拟。 adj: 好 reasonable, rational, wise, desirable, fair, natural 重要 important, vital, crucial, urgent, essential,虚拟语气,2 对过去的虚拟 If one had done sth. , one should/could/would have done sth.,虚拟语气,对过去的虚拟 与现在相反 If Ved, 主语 would eg: 如果上天再给我一次机会的话,我一定会对那女孩说三个字:我爱你 与将来相反 If should/were to,主语 would 与过去相反 If had done,主语 would have done （这是考察重点） eg: 假如我再认真点的话，我就通过考试了。,虚拟语气,3 含蓄条件句 假设的情况不用从句if，而用介词/介词短语表示，如：otherwise, without, but for, in case of 例:要不是你帮助我的话，我就没有机会上大学了。 If you hadnt helped me, (But for your help), I would not have had a chance to go to college.,虚拟语气,4. It is time that one did （过去式） 是时候你该睡觉了。 是时候该采取些措施来解决这个问题了。 注：历史上没考过，所以没有正式归类。,真题-虚拟语气,四级06-6-89 The professor required that _(我们交研究报告)。 语法：虚拟1.建议句型 词汇：hand in; research,真题-虚拟语气,四级06-12-89 The victim_ (本来有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. 语法：虚拟2.对过去的虚拟 词汇：实意动词“有”和助动词have的重复,真题-虚拟语气,六级大纲样题72 It was essential that _(我们在月底前签订合同). 语法：虚拟 1建议句型b形容词表重要 词汇：签订合同,真题-虚拟语气,六级06-12-新72 If you had _(听从了我的忠告,你就不会陷入麻烦). 语法：虚拟 2对过去的虚拟 词汇：听从；陷入麻烦,真题-虚拟语气,六级07-6-84 It is absolutely unfair that these children _ (被剥夺了受教育的权利). 语法：虚拟 1建议句型 b形容词“好”如fair, natural, reasonable, rational, desirable, wise 词汇：剥夺权利,真题-虚拟语气,六级07-12-89 But for mobile phones, _(我们的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便). 语法：虚拟 3含蓄条件句 but for=与现在相反。 词汇：通信；迅速和方便,真题-虚拟语气,六级08-6-83 Mary couldnt have received my letter,_.（否则她上周就该回信了）。 语法：虚拟 3含蓄条件句 otherwise=与过去相反。 词汇：回信,六级最新真题：虚拟语气,2008年12月20日的六级考试第84题 I dont think it advisable that parents deprive their children of freedom （剥夺孩子们的自由）to spend their spare time as they wish. 语法：虚拟 1b) 形容词advisable引导的虚拟 词汇：剥夺,倒装,倒装分为： 完全倒装&部分倒装 在完全倒装（不做考点）中，动词完全提前 地点状语提前 Hawaii School Motto 当句首为副词 out ，in ，up ，down ，off ，here ，there 等，如：In came the doctor. 某些表示祝愿的句子也可用完全倒装（或部分倒装）。如： Long live the Chinese Communist Party of China！（万岁） May the force be with you! （电影）,部分倒装,句首为否定或半否定的词语，如never, seldom, little, scarcely, hardly, not only but also （前倒后不倒） no sooner than, hardly/scarcely when （前倒后不倒；前过完，后过） not until （前不倒后倒；前过完，后过）注：hardly/scarcely/no sooner had I when/than I became excited. 比较：not until I had did I became excited. Only在句首 写作经典句子：Only in this way can we solve this problem and build up an orderly and harmonious society.,倒装真题,四级大纲样题88 Not only _(他向我收费过高)，but he didnt do a good repair job either. 语法：部分倒装1.否定词提前，助动词提前。Not only前倒，but also后不倒。 词汇：要价。,倒装真题,四级08-6-91 91._（直到他完成使命）did he realize that he was seriously ill. 语法：部分倒装1.否定词提前中not until前不倒后倒；语法前过完后过。 词汇：使命。,四级08年12月91题,91. The anti-virus agent was not known _ （直到一名医生偶然发现了它）. 语法:如果not until不放句首则不倒装,切记! 词汇:“偶然” by accident/chance 或accidentally。 参考答案：until it was accidentally found/discovered by a doctor,倒装真题六级,和虚拟语气一样，新题型中每次考试，倒装一题。可以预计，这次考试的翻译部分，虚拟语气（含蓄条件）和倒装（not until) 各一题。 六级大纲样题76 The customer complained that no sooner _(他刚试着使用这台机器, 它就不运转了). 语法：部分倒装1.no sooner前倒，than后不倒；no sooner前过完，than后过。,倒装真题六级,六级06-12-新76 76._ (直到截止日他才寄出)his application form. 竟然比四级简单! 语法：部分倒装1.not until前不倒前过完；后倒后过去 词汇：截止日（due to Wednesday),倒装真题六级,六级07-6-83 83. Only in the small town _ (他才感到安全和放松). 语法：部分倒装2. only句首，助动词提前。 词汇：放松。,倒装真题六级,六级07-12-86 The witness was told that under no circumstances _(他都不应该对法庭说谎). 语法：部分倒装1.否定词提前，助动词提前。 陷阱：中文翻译部分出现“不”,倒装真题六级,六级08-6-85 Never once _(老两口互相争吵) since they were married 40 years ago. 语法：部分倒装1. 否定词提前，助动词提前；since现在完成时态 词汇: 老两口；争吵。,各类从句,定语从句 主语从句 状语从句,四级08年12月87题 定语从句,87. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems_（他们至今还没有答案）. 解析：problems，因此显然是个定语从句的考点，可以选择that或which，核心动词搭配是have answers to，另外“至今还”提醒我们句子是现在完成时。 参考答案：which/that they havent found answers to,四级08年12月88题 主语从句,88. _ （大多数父母所关心的）is providing the best education possible for their children. 解析：很显然本句缺主语，有两种方法处理：主语从句或名词短语，核心词汇“关心”可以用concern或care about。 参考答案：What most parents care about / are concerned about或The concern of most parents,四级08年12月89题 状语从句,89. Youd better take a sweater with you _（以防天气变冷）. 解析：“以防”，“in case”或“lest” 如果用“in case”，后面的从句常用一般现在时或should+动词原型；如果是用lest，一般是用should+动词原型。 参考答案：in case it turns/should turn cold或lest it should turn cold,四六级真题中翻译部分的词汇词组考点,词汇考点是针对六级大纲词汇表中的核心词汇的考查。比如说名词与动词搭配，形容词与名词搭配，、名词与介词搭配，更为重要的是常见的固定词组以及固定表达。 有趣的是：有些单词和词组在翻译部分反复被考察，比如“方便”，“归因于”，“本能”等等。,四六级考试中词组的考点,四级大纲样题91 By contrast, American mothers were more likely_ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent. 词组：attribute/ascribe to 引申：六级词综书p80/51; p111/65,单词“方便”,四级07-6-91 Please come here at ten tomorrow morning _(如果你方便的话). 四级07-12-90 I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because _(它更方便和省时).,词组“遵守”,六级大纲样题75 The workmen think _(遵守安全规则很重要). 词组：遵守 comply with; abide by; 引申：六级词综书p112/69,词组“nothing is er/more than”,四级06-12-88 Since my childhood I have found that _(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力) 六级07-12-83 In handling an embarrassing situation, _(没有什么比幽默更有帮助的了).,词组“ adapt (oneself) to ”,四级06-12-87 Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to_(适应不同文化中的生活) 六级大纲样题73 To our delight, she_ (进大学一个月就适应了校园生活).,词组apply to/ apply for,四级08-6-87 87 Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research can be applied to the development of the new technology. （能应用于新技术的开发） 主要考察apply to用法，考生应注意不要写成apply for，这个是表示申请。,词组 compared with/compared to,四级08-6-90 90. Being compared with the place where I grew up,（与我成长的地方相比），this town is more prosperous and exciting. 这道题首先考察分词的独立主格结构，注意主语this town与动词的主被动关系，主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词；第二点需要注意的是“我成长的地方”考察的是定语从句，并且grew用过去时。,词组 whatever/ no matter what 不管是什么,四级08-6-89 89. Leaving ones job, whatever job it is/ no matter what job it is,（不管是什么工作）, is a difficult change even for those who look forward to retiring. 当引导让步状语从句时，whatever与no matter what可以互换。当引导主语从句、宾语从句时，只能用wh-+ever, 如Whoever leaves the room ought to turn off the lights.这时不能用no matter+wh-。,比较四级07年12月的89题,89. I am going to pursue this course, _(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲). no matter what sacrifice I am going to make/ whatever sacrifice I will make,单词“本能”和词组“依靠“,2007年12月的六级考试85题 Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, _(而动物的行为主要依靠本能). 本题的考点为behavior, depend on/upon, instinct等基础词汇和固定词组的基本用法。,单词“本能”和词组“依靠“,巧合的是, 这里的“依赖、依靠”在紧接的后一次 2008年的6月的六级考试的第86题又出现了： _（一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于）the quality of education of its people.,单词“本能”,2007年的12月六级考试的第85题Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, while animal behavior depends mainly upon their instincts (而动物的行为主要依靠本能). 2008年12月20日的六级考试第83题 It was very dark, but Mary seemed to know which way to take by instinct.（本能地知道该走哪条路）,本能-本能地; 偶然-偶然地,Instinct- instinctively; by instinct Accident-accidentally; by accident 四级08年12月91题: 91. The anti-virus agent was not known （直到一名医生偶然发现了它） 参考答案：until it was accidentally found/discovered by a doctor,词组“剥夺”；语法“虚拟语气第一种”,2007年6月的六级考试的第84题 It is absolutely unfair that these children be deprived of the right to receive education(被剥夺了受教育的权利). 2008年12月20日的六级考试第84题 I dont think it advisable that parents deprive their children of freedom （剥夺孩子们的自由）to spend their spare time as they wish.,非谓语动词,1 to do vs. to + doing Spend time/money in doing; have troubles in doing sth.,accuse sb. of doing sth. object to; contribute to; attribute to,prefer A to B; preferable to sth. prior to; posterior to; superior to, inferior to; junior to; senior to,adapt to; adapt oneself to sth. entitle sb. to sth. ; access to sth.,非谓语动词,doing vs. done - 主动分词和被动分词,基础语法单复数问题,单数可数名词 必须有冠词或者复数 冠词 a vs the Theres a Mary waiting for you outside. The Mary who is pretty is waiting for you outside.,Computer, compete, complete Combine common, comment Connect, content, consent, content,Put in input,Ambition ancient Imprison, innocent relief, grief, brief, believe, conceive, perceive,www. shnosbbs. com,句型固定搭配 Either or; Neither nor No sooner than; Hardly when Not only but also,Not that, but that The more , the more rather than in case (that) ,Warm-up,Specialists in intercultural studies says that it is not easy to _(适应不同文化中的生活）。 adapt oneself to the life in different cultures.,The victim _(本来有机会活下来）if he had been taken to hospital in time. could have a chance to survive/ could have survived,Some psychologists claim that people _(出门在外时可能会感到孤独）. who are not home/ traveling out/ out of their hometown may feel lonely.,（为了挣钱供我上学）,mother is working more than is good for her. In order to make money to send me to school/ finance my education,Warm-up,The nations population continues to rise _(以每年1200万人的速度）. at the speed of 12 million per year.,The professor required that_(我们交研究报告） by Wednesday. we hand in/ turn in/ submit a/the research report (s).,Not only_(他向我收费太高）， but he didnt do a good repair job either. did he charge me to much,Even number 10 11 odd number Were I you, ; Had he finished the job, ,总结：倒装 否定前置引起倒装；表语前置引起倒装; 虚拟语气引起倒装,The more you explain, _(我愈糊涂）. the more confused I am.,Since my childhood I have found that _(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力）. Nothing is er /more than nothing is more attractive to me than reading,Sing dance pay have dinner/a cup of tea His body is very healthy. He is physically/mentally healthy. He is no longer dangerous.,72 If you had _( 听从了我的忠告，你就不会陷入麻烦）. followed my advice, you would not have been in trouble (put yourself into trouble),73 With tears on her face, the lady_(看着她受伤的儿子被送进手术室）. watched her injured son being sent into the surgery,74 After the terrorist attack, tourists _(被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游）. were/ have been suggested not to go to that country for now/ for the moment,It being Sunday, the library is closed. Knowing that he was sick, the teacher didnt blame him for being late,75 I prefer to communicate with my customers _(通过写电子邮件而不是打电话）. via/through/with emails instead of / rather than phone calls,76 _(直到截止日期他才寄出） his application form. It was not until the deadline did he,错误类型,第一类 必须掌握的 1 主谓一致 they do (are) it/he - does (is),2 名词问题 A. 冠词和复数 B. a 和the C. 复数 D. 可数和不可数,错误类型,第一类 必须掌握的 3 代词一致 He hated failure, he has conquered it all his life, has risen above it, and despise it of the others. it; they 4 时态一致,错误类型,第二类 尽量改出来 5 固定搭配 More than; one another/the other No sooner than; hardly when; either or, neither nor,6 非谓语动词 doing vs. done; to do vs. doing 7 定语从句 what (the thing that), which, that,8 形容词和副词 形容词和名词的混淆；形容词和副词混淆 原级、比较级和最高级混淆,错误类型,9 平行结构 and/or 10 熟悉的词组 even- even though/if; as- as though/if; used to do- be/get used to doing,11 反义词 no; left/right, right/wrong; direct/ indirect; successful/ unsuccessful 12 关联词,完形填空 语法考点： 定语从句 It is that Prep. + ? , ? What 从句 what = the thing that,连接词和关联词,Since；As While, although, tho