《考研强化写作》PPT课件.ppt

考研强化写作（英语一）,周思成,Brief introduction,A,Time,Content,Part,B,35m,15m,图画作文,信函类、提醒类,20,10,Points,Model,2009 Part A Directions: Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. “White pollution” is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to 1) give your opinions briefly, and 2) make two or three suggestions You should write about 100 words ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not need to write the address.,2008 Part B Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) give your comments. You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.,1. Objective,120220,数行数！,3. Number,阅读之后做,8+16,2. Order,4. Error Correction,一笔划掉，旁边勘正,4、Calligraphy,矮胖，饱满，不要太连,Scoring Criteria P.200,A.不露点,小作文按提纲顺序写,大作文图画描述很重要！,P.239,B. Varied Vocabulary& Syntactic Variety,词汇多变化、多同义替换,图画,cartoon,photo,portrayal,illustration,caricature,描绘、展示,illustrate,portray,display,reveal,depict,reflect,demonstrate,句型多变基础：,短语的变化,短语：,attach great/adequate importance to,attach importance to,词：vital critical essential crucial indispensable,“重要”的表达,lay emphasis on,play a role in,play a key/dominant role in,The portrayal demonstrates that the cooperation plays a progressively dominant role in the contemporary society.,2. 攻受互换,“认为”的表达：,单词：,maintain deem contend,短语：,point out,be convinced that,make the point that,Many people contend that the globalization is an inevitable tendency, which is beneficial for the mutual prosperity.（宾语从句）,It is contended that,The globalization, it is contended, is an ,主被动互换, 变被动语态, 变插入语,C.少错误,常见错误七宗罪,一. We can deduce from illustration above that cartoonist is trying to attract attention to issue of cooperation.,一.名词裸奔,特指、专有、有修饰的名词前要有冠词athe或者所有格our/its/my/their.,We can deduce from illustration above that cartoonist is trying to attract attention to issue of cooperation.,the,the,our,the,二. The caption（提示语）indicate, “ You have only one leg and so do I. By sticking together, however, can we go anywhere we want.,二. 主谓不一致,a.总忘加第三人称单数,b.从句不注意先行词的单复数,c. 介词结构的名词搞不清谁是主语,According to a survey conducted among a group of young people who were in the same class years ago, no one who have difficulty in cooperating with their colleagues become executive or boss., no one who has difficulty in cooperating with his or her colleagues becomes an executive or a boss.,The cooperation with colleagues, partners, even competitors are extremely important for us.,A名词+介词+B名词， 要以A来定谓语形式,of, with, from, to,三. I have to quit my job because my parents told me that they will buy me an apartment if I will work in my hometown.,三. 时态混乱,时,态,en,完成进行,完成,进行,过去,一般,过去将来,将来,现在,be,doing,have,would,用中文拼出时态!,a. 什么叫谓语,动词+它应有的形态变化,语态+时态,If she doesnt go with me, I will be devastated.,b. 主从句的时态在时间上要保持一致，状态可异,He said that he had failed last year but would make every effort to win this time.,c. 最常用的时态,一般现在,am/is/are/do/does,一般过去,will do,现在完成进行,have/has been doing,have/has done,was/were/did,be doing,现在完成,现在进行,一般将来,The behaviors of mankind have been causing severe harm and pollution to the nature, which is overburdened and will collapse（崩溃） if we do not rectify（纠正）our faults and misdeeds immediately and thoroughly （彻底的）.,四. 菊花残句或肿菊句,无谓语或者谓语太多,In the daytime, many students doing experiment in the library, so they have no time come to the library.,一个简单句成分中有且只有一个动词的一般形式（do/did/will do/would do）做谓语。,若没有，则要有；,若超过一个，则第二+个要变成非谓语形式 （to do/doing/done）,Most of books out of date, so would you please buying more new books add to the collection?,Most of books are out of date, so would you please buy more new books to add to the collection?,五. Modern people, especially the younger generation, lay more stress on earning money, the neglect of the elders become common to see.,五. 无逻辑！,英文的逻辑是通过连词和副词来体现的！,中文的逻辑是用脑袋意淫出来的！,a. 逗号前后都是完整的句子的话，其中一句（常是后句）必须要有连词！,并列连词,并列 and,转折 but while,选择 or, 从属连词，连接主从句表示两者之间的关系,状语；定语；同位语。,b. 打句号的两句之间，常常要有副词来表示逻辑,The competition has become increasingly fierce. The complicated and challenging work can hardly finished by each individual. People in growing number are seeking cooperation from others, such as their colleagues, partners, even competitors., Hence,In fact,最常出现的逻辑关系,并列： and Meanwhile, On the one hand, on the other hand,递进： Moreover, Further, Besides,因果： Hence, Therefore, Consequently, Accordingly, Thus,转折： However, Yet,Conversely, On the contrary, In fact,六. 词性纠结,We could not built a society of harmonious without cooperate with each other., 情态动词后都用动词原形,介词后面要接名词或者动名词,We are unlikely to build a society of harmony without cooperating with each other.,七. 小错误们,1. 比较级不要只会加more,2. 分词不要只会接-ed,3. 变性手术,分不清he/she/his/her,D. 重逻辑,要有起承转合,连词和副词的运用,E. 格式正确、语域得体,格式：缩进式 段首空格、段间不空行,语域： 偏正式 不缩写、简写、过于口语、俚语,In the cartoon, two guys abso-fucking-lutely wanna work together to make it better.,P. 246 范文,描述图表（7分）,2000： 商业捕鱼发展史,2001 爱心是一盏灯,2002： 美国女孩穿着中国民族服装,2003： 温室花朵经不起风雨,2004：终点也是新起点,2005：养老足球赛,2006： 把崇拜 写在脸上,2007： 对手眼中的自己,2008年： 合作,2009年： 网络的 远与近,2010：文化的火锅,2011： 旅途之余,2012：心态的好与坏,A.分类,数量,一图双人题,双图题,单图题,00、03、06,01、02、04、08、09、10、11,05、07、12,主体,人,非人,非人却拟人,02、04、05、06、07、08、09、11、12,00、10、,01、03,话题,社会现象,个人心理,00、02、05、06、09、10、11,01、03、04、07、08、12,跟体育有关的图画常出现,不会考时政特别明显的题目,模版、规律强，不需预测,单图题首段思路：(3-4句）,1、引入句+图中主要信息,2、次要信息和细节描写,3、提示信息的翻译（如果有）,主要信息：,人或主体+动作,次要信息,表情、环境、主体周边物体,细节,跟主体有关的具体的事、物、数量、中文提示,A.引入句的写法,直白型,1. As is graphically/explicitly/satirically,2. depicted/revealed/demonstrated,3. in the portrayal/illustration/caricature,主体+动作,As is explicitly depicted in the portrayal, two handicapped men, each of whom has only one leg, are supporting each other and walking normally and rapidly.,1.Graphically/ Symbolically/Satirically,2.depicted/revealed/demonstrated,3. in the portrayal/caricature/illustration,4. is/are sth./sb, which/who +动作,翻江倒海型,Graphically depicted in the caricature is an American girl, who is dressed in an amazingly exquisite traditional Chinese costume.,文豪型,1. The portrayal,2. vivid and explicit,symbolic and metaphoric,satiric and ironic,3. unfolds a scene to us, in which 主体+动作,The portrayal, symbolic and metaphoric, unfolds a scene to us, in which an oil lamp, with a pleasant smile rather than a normal flame, is burning brightly.,主体+动作的描述方式,1. sb./sth, with . in, is doing sth., a young boy, with a confident smile in his face, is rushing towards the finishing line.,2. sb./sth, who/which., is doing,The caricature, ironic and satiric, unfolds a scene to us, in which four young men, who act as goal-keepers, are kicking a ball, which symbolizes their old father.,常见表情、情绪,喜：,smile, laugh,怒：,angry, irate, indignant, furious,哀：,miserable(misery); depressed(depression); agony,说：,say, cry, sigh,remark,皱眉:,frown(vi.),看：,“”, sb. remarks.,Sb. remarks that.,stare at; glance at; glare at,带细节的情绪,a miserable expression,cry loudly,sigh in despair,look at sb. with indifference/contempt,B. 细节句的写法(第二句话的写法）, 细节很清楚、丰富时，例举描写。,Under scrutiny, we can see that 主体旁边的细节，including A, B, and C (C是一个对细节的概括总结）.,Under scrutiny, we can see that that girl wears many accessories, including a pair of long earrings, a peal necklace, and other decorating things, which are also characteristic of Chinese feature.,Under scrutiny, we can see that the lake has already been covered by various litters, including used bottles of beverages, discarded boxes of instant noodles, fruit peels, fish bones, and other dirty junks.,主体有次要动作时描写该次要动作。,V-ing/V-ed+细节1，主体+细节二,Perspiring heavily, he demonstrates no intention of having rest but volition of continuing the new lap of race.,可改成：主语，动作一ing，动作二,He, perspiring heavily, demonstrates,The old father, just kicked away by his eldest son, is rolling on the court, and his daughter, stretching her arms widely, is ready to protect against the intrusion of the “ball”.,和主体有明显位置关系的细节和环境,位置+主题+is/are+细节+展开细节,Under/Above/Around+主体+is/are.,which,Under the young man is a finishing line, which is also marked as the starting line.,Around the oil lamp is the darkness, which makes the light of the lamp brighter.,Behind these two handicapped men are two crutches, which used to sustain them to stand and walk.,C. 一段最后一句：字幕翻译或者大意总结,直白字幕：,The caption below the portrayal reads, “”.,含蓄字幕：,The caption below the portrayal indicates that,The caption below the portrayal reads, “You have only one leg and so do I, but we still can walk anywhere when we support each other.”,The caption below the portrayal indicates that the Internet has not only brought us closer but also alienated us from each other.,无字幕，则总结图的大意，但不用引申,Apparently/Undoutedly, it is A that ,We are informed that ,如已有三句，题目又无字母，可以不总结。,Apparently, it is her fondness of Chinese culture that adds to her charm and beauty.,Undoubtedly, it is the diverse ingredients that make the cultural “hot pot” not only delicate but also nutritious.,We are informed that we ourselves oftentimes exaggerate the difficulties confronting us.,Under scrutiny, we can see that that girl wears many accessories, including a pair of long earrings, a peal necklace, and other decorating things, which are also characteristic of Chinese feature.,Graphically depicted in the caricature is an American girl, who is dressed in an amazingly exquisite traditional Chinese costume.,Apparently, it is her fondness of Chinese culture that adds to her charm and beauty.,单图题,分清主次、动作全面、 细节到位、字幕总结,不要去推深层含义！要就图说事儿！,双图题（一图双主体题）,1.描述图在说的一个场景、事件,2.分别描写两图、两主体、两个时间的细节。突出对比或变化,3.字幕翻译或者图表面信息的总结,Version A,The caricature(s), subtle and vivid, depict,a. a scene where,b. the dramatic change/difference concerning,c. two people, who,The caricatures, subtle and vivid, depict the drastic change concerning the commercial fishing in the 20th century.,Graphically depicted in the portray are two athletes who are in a football match.,As is conspicuously demonstrated in the set of photos above, two young man exhibit strong passion for David Beckham, who is one of the most prominent football star in the world.,Version B 文豪版,Upon seeing the set of caricatures above, what arrest my attention most is the/that,Upon seeing the set of caricatures above, what arrest my attention most is the drastic distinction of peoples attitude and reaction when in front of the same circumstance.,2. 分别描写两幅图、两个主体、或者两个时间点的情况。,In the left photo is a person who, while in the right one, a man,The man on the left, while the man on the right,In the left is a person who wrote the name of Beckham on his face and sm