专业英语09UnitFour(Volume2).ppt

授课教师：陶斌 Lecturer: Bin Tao,专业英语 建筑学与城市规划 Professional English in Architecture and Urban Planning,Review UNIT SIXTEEN Text The Practice of Architecture ( ),1. Words and Expressions,schematic design（方案设计）preliminary design（初步设计） working drawing，construction drawing（施工图）supervision（监督，监理）,consultation 咨询 in consultation with 与磋商,budget 预算 blueprint 蓝图,commission 委托,lobby porch, entrance-hall or ante-room 门厅；（入口的）厅堂；前厅,make ones bid 投标,licensed architect structural engineer electrical engineer mechanical engineer, plant engineer (water supply and sewerage, heating and ventilating),2. Sentences, Page 159, Para. 1, line1 In a period of rapidly accelerating change in every area of human activity economic, industrial, scientific, professional, sexual, artistic, and so on it would be foolhardy to pretend that any description could hold true for more than the moment.,在人类活动如经济、工业、科学、职业、性别、艺术等各个方面正在飞速变化的时代，妄称任何描述都适用于长久而非短暂的时期，显然是不慎重的。,hold true ( for ) ；hold good 适用（于）；有效,和平共处五项原则对所有国家都适用。,Example 1 The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence hold true for all countries.,同一论点并非对所有情况都适用。,Example 2 The same argument doesnt hold good in all cases.,因此，我们将要分两部分来讨论建筑实践这一问题：第一 ，建筑设计的业务实践目前是怎样的，或者确切地说，它是怎样发展到目前状况的；第二，它将怎样变化并且大概向什么方向变化。, Page 159, Para. 1, line 3 We will therefore deal with the matter of architectural practice in two sections: how it is, or rather has been up till now, and second, how it appears to be changing and in what probable directions.,他得走着应该说是跑着去上班。,Example 1 He had to walk or rather run to the office.,我担任秘书工作，说得准确些是打字员。,Example 2 I work as a secretary, or rather, a typist.,or rather 更确切地,他昨晚回家很晚，或确切地说，已是今天凌晨。,Example 3 He came home very late last night, or rather very early this morning., Page 159, Para. 2, line10 For large buildings, apartment houses, office buildings, and so on, where the cost may run into millions, the fees are much lower percentagewise, since the architectural work involved in designing a forty-story building is not much greater than for a twenty-story one, so many of the floor plans being duplicates.,-wise 后缀，与名词结合构成形容词或副词 以某方式、方法或沿某方向：clockwise, anti-clockwise, lengthwise, likewise; b. 在某方面：profitwise, businesswise, weatherwise.,顺时针方向转动钥匙,Example 1 turn the key clockwise,菜好极了，酒也是。,Example 2 The food was excellent, (and) likewise the wine.,对于造价可达几百万的大型建筑物、公寓楼、写字楼等，报酬的百分比会低很多，因为楼面设计是重复的，所以设计一个高40层的楼不比设计一个20层楼花的工夫多多少。, Page 159, Para. 4, line 5 When the client is happy he instructs the architect to go ahead, and pays 10 to 15 percent of the fee, according to their agreement ( in the case of the $50000 house above, involving a total fee of $5000, the amount due at this point is $500-750 ).,如果甲方满意的话，他就会通知建筑师继续干，并按协议付给建筑师酬金的1015（在上述例子提到的万美元的工程中，总报酬为千美元，到这一阶段，应支付给建筑师的数目是500750美元）。,他们是否已得到了应得的钱？,Example 1 Have they been paid the money due to them?,我还应有十五天假期。,Example 2 Im still due fifteen days holiday.,due a. 应支付的, Page 160, Para. 6, line10 The sealed bids are due on a certain day, and on that day they are opened by the client and architect and one is accepted not necessarily the lowest, for the lowest may be not quite as desirable, as, say, the next lowest, or, as sometimes happens, all the bids are rejected, and the project either scrapped or sent back to the drawing boards for revision.,在预定的某一天封标，到了这一天，甲方和建筑师启封并接受其中的一个标价，但不一定是最低的，因为比方说最低者未必比较低者更理想。要么有时会出现这种情况：所有的投标都被否定了，这项设计就会被取消或送回绘制部门重新修改。,火车预定五分钟后到达。,Example 1 The train is due in five minutes.,他的书预定十月份出版。,Example 2 His book is due to be published in October.,due (to do sth) a. 预定；约定；预期, Page 160, Para. 8, line 2 At well chosen times he visits the job and examines the work being done to make sure it is in strict accordance with the working drawings and specifications the contract documents.,在选定好的时间他去检查工作，以确保正在进行的施工严格按照合同即施工图和说明书进行。,我按照你的指示出售了这幢房屋。,Example 1 I sold the house in accordance with your orders.,按照某人的愿望,Example 2 in accordance with sbs wishes,in accordance with 按照或依据某事物,按照惯例、规章、法律办事,Example 3 act in accordance with custom, the regulations, the law,Volume 2 UNIT FOUR Text Design in Process,1. Words and Expressions,real estate 房地产 cost estimate 成本估价 contract drawing 合同图纸 master builder 独立经营的营造商,profession occupation career vocation,他的职业是律师。,Example 1 Hes a lawyer by profession.,他的职业是木匠。,Example 2 Hes a carpenter by trade.,请说明姓名、年龄和职业。,Example 4 Please state your name, age and occupation.,trade job employment,他在旅游业工作。,Example 3 He works in the tourist trade.,1. Words and Expressions,护理工作既是职业也是责任。,Example 6 Nursing is a vocation as well as a profession.,你有有报酬的工作吗？,Example 8 Do you have a paid job？,你有有报酬的工作吗？,Example 9 Are you in gainful employment？,他选择了学术界职业。,Example 5 He chose an academic career.,profession occupation career vocation,trade job employment,职业介绍所帮助人们找到工作。,Example 10 Employment agencies help people to find work.,教育儿童不仅仅是一种挣钱糊口的手段；它更是一项使命。,Example 7 Teaching children is more than just a way of making money: its a vocation., Page 36, Para. 2, line 5 Design is decision making, and the key to successful projects lies not only in the final form but in the process leading up to it.,设计是一个决策过程，工程成功的关键不仅在于其最后的形式，而且在于达到最后这个形式的过程。,导致战争爆发的事件,Example 1 the events leading up to the outbreak of war,这正是我所要说到的一点。,Example 2 Thats just what I was leading up to.,lead up to sth 于某事之前作准备、引进或进行,2. Sentences,lie v. 存在，在于,消除紧张的方法在于学会放松。,Example 1 The cure for stress lies in learning to relax.,关键在哪里？,Example 2 Where does the crux lie ?, Page 36, Para. 3, line 1 Architectural education today focuses on theoretical and aesthetic explorations that have little to do with professional practice.,今天的建筑学教育主要着重于理论和美学的探索，但几乎不进行专业实践（与专业实践无关）。,这个故事是关于一个电影明星的生活的。,Example 1 The story has to do with the life of a film star.,be/have to do with sb/sth 与某人（某事）有联系或有关系,这事跟你写给我的那封信有关。,Example 2 It is to do with the letter you sent me.,她获得的成功是和她的努力分不开的。,Example 3 Hard work has a lot to do with her success.,她的工作与计算机有些关系。,Example 4 Her job has something to do with computers., Page 36, Para. 3, the last line from the bottom This suggests that the time is ripe for architects and designers to reflect on what they do and why.,这表明现在正是建筑师和设计师们反省自己做什么和为什么做的时候了。,我需要时间来考虑你的建议。,Example 1 I need time to reflect on your offer.,reflect （on/upon sth） 思考；沉思或思忆（往事）；考虑,思考一个问题,Example 2 reflect upon a problem,她心想他的理由也可能对。,Example 3 She reflected that his argument was probably true., Page 36, Para. 4, line 5 Corporate clients often have a prescribed way of organizing building projects and in-house facilities management staff to run them.,团体客户有一套自己的组织建筑工程的特定方式和从事施工管理的企业内部设备管理人员。,Example 1 Police regulations prescribe that an officers number must be clearly visible.,勿超过规定剂量。,Example 2 Do not exceed the prescribed dose.,prescribe v. 规定做（某事）；开（药方）；建议采用,警员条例要求（规定）执行职务者的号码标志必须清楚易见。,请医生开点咳嗽药。,Example 3 Ask the doctor to prescribe something for that cough., Page 37, Para. 6, line 5 Computer services and training have emerged as service areas for many firms.,现在许多公司都提供计算机服务和培训。,他三十岁时初露锋芒担任了领袖。,Example 2 He emerged as leader at the age of thirty.,emerge (from sth) v. 出来；露出；知悉,游泳者从湖中出来。,Example 1 The swimmer emerged from the lake.,在调查过程中未发现新证据。,Example 3 No new evidence emerged during the enquiry., Page 37, Para. 7, line 4