《油田钻机安全》PPT课件.ppt

1,Oil Field Safety,Bill Luther, APS-FSR,2,Unsafe Act or Unsafe Condition,3,REMEMBER No job is so important and No service is so urgent that we cannot take time to perform our work safely.,4,Introduction,This orientation is concerned with SAFETY IN THE OILFIELD, not the mechanical aspects of oilfield work.,This orientation includes: SAFETY PROGRAM, INSPECTIONS/AUDITS, SAFETY MEETINGS, HAZARD AWARENESS, HAZARD ABATEMENT, ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION, ACCIDENT REPORTING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT,5,Discussions include: Inspection techniques Hazard Recognition Hazard Awareness Hazard Abatement Lockout-Tagout Haz-Com General H2S Info Investigations,6,This orientation is to help acquaint those personnel with oilfield safety rules, regulations and/or procedures, particular to this company.,This orientation is NOT certification.,7,SAFETYis part of everyday living. It is an important consideration for everyone in everything he/she does, in the home, at work or play, on streets and highways wherever he/she goes. Safe operating practices and procedures are vital in the drilling business because the work is hazardous, involving massive machinery, heavy tools and great physical strength. When accidents do occur, the work can be a serious peril to life and limb. Drilling personnel must know how to work safely on a rig in order to protect themselves, costly rig equipment, and the expensive hole being drilled.,8,Everyone loses from an accident. Injuries result in pain and suffering and may leave a person disabled or handicapped for life. Even minor injuries may cause loss of time from work and lost pay. Insurance benefits are helpful, but compensation payments cannot restore a life, hand, eye or leg. Damaged machinery and equipment can usually be repaired but almost always at considerable cost, particularly if down time is taken into account. An expensive well may be lost because of the oversight of the incompetence of one person. Blowouts and fires cause losses of life and equipment and waste precious oil and gas from underground reservoirs.,9,More than 90 % of all accidents are avoidable, being caused by human error rather than by mechanical failure. It is extremely important that every person on a drilling rig develop a sense of safety in drilling operations. That person must use this sense in combination with the kind of good judgment it takes to drive a car safely, or to do anything else in a safe manner.,10,Vocabulary,Listing of select vocabulary words ANSI American National Standards Institute. Approved Sanctioned, endorsed, accredited, certified, or accepted by a duly constituted and recognized authority or agency. Authorized Person A person approved or assigned by the employer to perform a specific type of duty or duties or to be at a specific location or locations at the job site.,11,Vocabulary contd,Competent Person One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surround or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employers and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them, or who can recommend directly to persons in authority that such corrective measures be taken.,12,Vocabulary contd,Guarded Covered, shielded, fenced, enclosed, or otherwise protected by means of suitable covers, or casings, barrier rails, safety bars, or screens to eliminate the possibility of accidental contact with, or dangerous approach by persons or objects. Hazard Any occupational condition or circumstance which is likely to cause death, injury or illness.,13,Vocabulary contd,Hazardous Substance one by reason of being explosive, flammable, poisonous, corrosive, oxidizing, irritating, or otherwise harmful, is likely to cause occupational death, injury or illness. Qualifiedone who by possession of a recognize degree certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training and experience has successfully demonstrated ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project.,14,Vocabulary contd,Should means recommended. Suitable that which fits, and has the qualities or qualifications to meet a given purpose, occasion, condition, function or circumstance. Supervisor person who has been given control, direction and/or supervision of work provided by one or more employees.,15,Vocabulary contd,Variance an exception to a promulgated standard, rule or regulation granted by the Department of Labor, or appropriate agency. Well Servicing any action or work other than the original drilling of the well, related, but not limited to the completion, re-completion, down hold maintenance, or termination of the well.,16,Oil Company/Operator Has control of the casing and the mud program being followed drilling the well. Drilling Contractor Head of drilling operation. Determines the overall safety practices/policies and the manner in which a safety program is carried out by the various supervisors. Drilling Superintendent Represents top management of the drilling contractor. Supervises the operations of several rigs in the area. Tool pusher Directly responsible to the drilling superintendent for carrying out work assigned to the rig. Supervise all personnel, ensures machinery is in a safe operating condition. Investigates each accident or injury to determine its cause.,17,Driller Works directly under the tool pusher. Responsible for work of the crew and operation of the rig. The driller sets the pump speed and pressure, operates the draw works and rotary and manipulates the controls to operate the rotary and drill stem to make hole. Crew Members Must work for safety as a team! Must kne his/her job and stay constantly alert to what is going on. Use PPE. Use proper tools. Learn to foresee and prevent accidents. Use stairs and ladders as intended.,18,A Sampling of OSHA Violations & Standards Cited,Employee riding the traveling blocks 5(a)(1),2. No geronimo line from monkey board 5 (a)(1),3. Floor holes in rig floor/crown walk around-1910.23(a),4. Safety goggles not clean and in good repair-1910.133,5. Break Out Tongs wire clips had U-bolt on live end of line. 5(a)(1),6. Kelly hose not secured with chains 5(a)(1),7. V-Door opening not guarded-1910.23,19,OSHA STANDARDS OSHAs general industry standards do not adequately address a number of hazards unique to the industry. Yet, OSHA is issuing citations for hazards under the GENERAL DUTY CLAUSE (Sec 5(a)(1),20,HAZARD AWARENESS,21,UNIQUE HAZARDS TO THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY,Catheads,Poor Machine Guarding,Rotary Tables,High Pressure Hoses,Gases,Falls,Slipping,Tripping,22,Health and Safety Procedures,And, the interaction of each with the other!,Always give careful consideration to:,Man,Machine,Environment,23,Health and Safety Procedures,Some elements of a GOOD safety program Management policy Employee selection/placement Employee orientation/training Educational activities Employee meetings Inspections Accident reporting Safety responsibilities,24,HAZARD RECOGNITION,25,New Mexico based land drilling rig. If you are the derrick man and weather like this is approaching, what do you do?,26,Cathead = Pinch Point,27,Hazards are generally grouped into two (2) broad categories: Safety and Injury Hazards Health and Illnesses Hazards. Always remember to include hazards that involve property and Environmental damage.,28,TONGS SPINNING CHAIN Cut off fingers, thumbs Smashed fingers, hands etc,TEAM WORK ! Be a Team, Work Together Watch out for each other,29,What Causes Injuries?,Texas Workers Compensation Insurance Fund 2001,78 %,20%,Unsafe,Conditions,20%,Acts of,God,2%,Unsafe,Acts,78%,UNSAFE CONDITIONS,UNSAFE ACTS,ACTS OF GOD,30,Recognition of Hazards,Identify unsafe acts and conditions Determine the corrective actions Implement corrective actions,Texas Workers Compensation Insurance Fund 2001,31,Hazard Identification: (examples) Danger of striking against, being struck by, or making contact with an object? Are rotating equipment or other projections exposed Nip points, such as a belt, sheave, chain, gear? Reciprocating movement to be caught on or between ? Hand/arm contact with moving parts at the point of operation?,32,Material kick back or ejection from the point of operation? Machine controls safeguarded ? Do machines vibrate, move, or walk while in operation? Parts to become loose or lodged during operation. Guards positioned or adjusted ? Bypass guard or lockout device?,33,Machines/equipment receive regular maintenance? Machines operations sufficient for safe work? Room for maintenance operations? Materials being handled adequately for work? Are tools, jigs, work fixtures stored not to interfere with work? Work area well illuminated. Ventilation adequate. PPE used ? Housekeeping satisfactory? Energy sources controlled for maintenance?,34,Can you find the hazard(s)?,1,2,3,4,35,Is there a Hazard?,36,Is there a Hazard?,37,How about this? See any problems with this?,38,Is this a hazard?,39,How about now?,40,Look Familiar ?,41,What problems do you see with these pictures ?,42,What is really the HAZARD ?,43,Rotary Guard,44,HAZARD ABATEMENT,45,How Hazards are Controlled,At its source. Along its path. (erect a barricade between the hazard and the worker.) At the worker. (remove the worker from the exposure, such as automated/remote controls, worker rotation, providing PPE when all options have been exhausted.) Monitoring activities (locate new hazards and assess the effectiveness of existing controls.),46,Preventative and Corrective Measures,The implementation of Control Measures: 1. Administrative (through personnel, management, monitoring, limiting worker exposure, measuring performance, training and education, housekeeping and maintenance, purchasing.) Engineering (isolation of source, lockout procedure, design, process or procedural changes, monitoring and warning equipment, chemical or material substitution.) 3. PPE (body protection, fall protection.),47,GENERAL “H2S” INFO. (NON-CERTIFIED),48,ITS THE LAW ! In the State of Texas, all persons working in the oil field where H2S concentrations are known MUST complete a H2S certification course annually. The objective is to educate employees about the physical & chemical properties, toxicity, concentration levels, personal protective equipment use, detection measures, rescue and first aid. The best way way to reduce the chance of employee exposure to H2S is to provided the best possible training, provide appropriate personal protective equipment, and ensure employs follow the correct work procedures, rules and requirements.,49,COMMON SOURCES OF H2S,Naturally in nature Oil Fields Mines Volcanoes Geothermal Exploration Through decay of organic matter Fishing industry Tanneries - Manure Processing Municipal sewers - Brewery Industry Landfills Chemical Processes By Product Catalyst Felt Making Asphalt Roofing,50,H2S or Toxic Gas Exposure,Hydrogen Sulfide characterized by an odor of rotten eggs. A very small concentration can be fatal. When encountered, employees must wear approved type masks when their work requires them to be exposed to the gas,in any way.,51,H2S or Toxic Gas Exposure,Hydrogen Sulfide is highly toxic, colorless, and heavier than air. It has the odor of rotten eggs, initially. Most frequently encountered in the production and refining of high sulfur petroleum and in natural gas. It burns with a blue flame and produces Sulfur Dioxide. It forms an explosive mixture with air. The LFL is 4.3% and the UFL is 45.5%.,52,H2S or Toxic Gas Exposure,Its odor is NOT a reliable warning signal because higher concentrations of the gas temporarily destroys the sense of smell. This is the primary reason for employees not detecting the presence of H2S and consequently inhaling a lethal amount. The only positive means is by testing with an approved H2S detector. DO NOT RELY SOLELY ON THE SENSE OF SMELL!,53,H2S or Toxic Gas Exposure,General Procedures Any area where H2S has been reported or encountered, or where the is insufficient oxygen, there should be NO entry until sufficient tests have bee made to determine the extent of the hazard and the area is purged to reduce the hazard to allowable concentrations.,54,H2S or Toxic Gas Exposure,General Procedures-contd Toxic atmospheres, the employer should require proper respiratory equipment to be used by a trained employee, required to enter the area. Employees required to enter should be required to wear a safety harness with tail line for emergency retrieval. A rescue watch, stationed outside of the hazard area with proper rescue equipment is also required to assist in case of emergency.,55,H2S or Toxic Gas Exposure,General Procedures-contd Canister-type filter masks should not be used. Employees should be required to wear self contained respirators (SCBA) in those atmospheres where tests indicated oxygen content is less than necessary to sustain life.,56,H2S or Toxic Gas Exposure,General Procedures-contd All employees should be trained and periodically refreshed in the use and operation of breathing equipment available on the job. Medical personnel readily available for consult on matters of occupational health. Emergency numbers should be conspicuously posted.,57,H2S or Toxic Gas Exposure,General Procedures-contd At least one employee, if not more, per shift trained in 1st aid and CPR, and be on-site. Where harmful chemicals are being used, readily accessible facilities should be available for rapid flushing of the eyes and/or skin areas.,58,H2S or Toxic Gas Exposure,GENERAL FIRST AID CONSIDERATIONS -Fresh air ! (Rescuers must exercise caution!) -If unconscious/not breathing immediately provide rescue breathing. -Summons a doctor ASAP! -Give oxygen after cleaning oil from the injured employees face.,59,H2S or Toxic Gas Exposure,NEVER FORGET THAT HYDROGEN SULFIDE IS A DEADLY GAS. TAKE NO CHANCES WITH IT! KNOW WHAT CONCENTRATION OF THE GAS IS PRESENT BEFORE DOING ANY WORK IN IT.,60,EMERGENCY RESCUE In an emergency, the first thing to remember, is to get to a safe place, then. Call for emergency services 2. Put on the proper rescue personal protective equipment 3. Locate victims and move to safe fresh air areas. Always move upwind or crosswind to safe areas. 4. Administer rescue breathing or CPR if necessary. 5. Seek medical attention immediately.,61,LOCKOUT/TAGOUT,The Control of Hazardous Energy,62,Lockout/tagout procedures are for your safety. They are designed to prevent accidents & injuries caused by the accidental release of energy. These procedures prevent workers from being accidentally exposed to injuries and even life threatening situations with energized equipment.,63,The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulates lockout/tagout through the Control of Hazardous Energy standard, found at 29 CFR 1910.147.,64,Before the standard went into effect in 1984, OSHA estimated the failure to control hazardous energy sources caused: 10 percent of serious industrial accidents 33,000 lost workdays each year Loss of about 140 lives each year,65,Scope and Application,General Industry employees covering the servicing and maintenance of machines and equipment in which the unexpected start-up or the release of stored energy could cause injury to employees. (If employees are performing service or maintenance tasks that do not expose them to the unexpected release of hazardous energy, the standard does not apply.),66,The standard does not apply in the following situations:,While servicing or maintaining cord and plug connected electrical equipment. (The hazards must be controlled by unplugging the equipment from the energy source; the plug must be under the exclusive control of the employee performing the service and/or maintenance.),67,Normal Production Operations,The lockout/tagout rule may apply during normal operations in some instances. If a servicing activity - such as lubricating, cleaning, or un-jamming the production equipment - takes place during production, employees performing the servicing are covered by lockout/tagout when any of the following conditions occurs:,68,The employee must either remove or bypass machine guards or other safety devices The employee is required to place any part of his or her body in contact with the point of operation of the operational machine or piece of equipment; or,69,The employee is required to place any part of his or her body into a danger zone associated with a machines operating cycle. In the above situations, the equipment must be de-energized and locks or tags must be applied to the energy- Isolation devices.,70,What is Lockout?,The process of preventing the flow of energy from a power source to a piece of equipment, and keeping it from operating. Is accomplished by installing the lockout device at the power source so that equipment powered by the source cannot be operated.,71,What is Tagout?,The placement of a tag on the power source. It acts as a warning, not to restore energy It is not a physical restraint. Tags must clearly state: DO NOT OPERATE or the like, and must be applied by hand.,72,Energy-Isolating Device,Mechanical device that physically prevents the transmission or release of energy. Such as manually-operated electrical circuit breakers, disconnect switches, line valves, and blocks.,73,Energy-Isolating Devices,Guards against accidental machine or equipment start-up or the unexpected re-energizing of equipment during servicing or maintenance. These include things such as, manually operated electrical circuit breakers, disconnect switches, line valves, and blocks.,74,Energy-Isolating Devices (contd),When the energy-isolating device cannot be locked out, the employer must use tagout or modify or replace the device to make it capable of being locked. When using tagout, employers must train their employees in the limitations of tags.,75,Ene