《汉英词义关系》PPT课件.ppt

Semantic relationship between Chinese and English words and Diction in C-E Translation 汉英词汇意义关系与词语的选择翻译,Part one 意义的分类classification of meaning 1. Leech Conceptual meaning Associative meaning social meaning emotive meaning reflected meaning collocative meaning thematic meaning,2 A denotative meaning (denotation ) 指称意义 conceptual meaning cognitive meaning referential meaning 阳光: sunshine 医生:doctor A word may have more than one denotative meanings (polysemy多义词): 英文中的develop B connotative meaning (connotation)蕴含意义（词语的情感意义和联想意义） 月亮 龙 松,Part two Semantic relationship between Chinese and English words,P 43. 陈宏薇 1 词义相符semantic correspondence； 2 词义相异semantic non-correspondence ； 3 词义空缺semantic zero Translation is translating meaning. It is important to understand meaning in c-e translation,Part three 词义相异 semantic non-correspondence,汉英词汇意义有对等的一面。但是，在很多情况下，汉英词汇语义是不对等的,还可能有空缺。如“拳头产品”不能译成 fist product，而是knockout product 。因此，汉英翻译绝对不是根据源语词汇去查阅汉英词典并照搬词典释义。实际上，选词应该根据目标语的需要或语境而定。,1 大学生 酸奶 自来水 有线电视 扶贫 2 11月10日至13日的强降雪，使得即将上市的16万斤鲶鱼全被冻死，损失达40万元，夫妇俩一年的劳作付之东流。 a. Between Nov.10 and 13, a snowstorm froze to death 160thousand jin of catfish about to go to market, costing the couple 400 ￥ thousand; they gave a whole year of labor to the eastward river. b. Between Nov.10 and 13, a snowstorm froze to death 160thousand jin of catfish about to go to market, costing the couple 400 ￥ thousand; they gave a whole year of labor for nothing .,3 个人主义一害自己，二害工作，三害党的事业，历来是党和军队事业的大敌。 Individualism ,which firstly poisons oneself, secondly hinders work, and finally jeopardizes the Partys cause, has always been a big threat to the cause of the Party and the army. Individualism -self-centeredness, egocentricity. 4. 亚洲四小龙 Asia Four Tigers,2 搭配不对等问题,如1: 动宾搭配 做手术 做家务 犯错误 犯心脏病 犯罪 接受高等教育 接受西方的社会政治制度和价值观念 2 偏正搭配 险胜 熟睡 完全醒着 完全值得,3 一词多义 polysemy,例 ：1 在激烈的市场竞争中，公司的经营战略是：以质量求生存，以服务求信誉，以创新求发展， 以管理求效益。 In the keen/fierce market competition, our companys operating strategies are : product quality ensures survival, good service earns/wins trust, innovation spawns new market (expands the market ), and management increases profits/improves performance. 他吃教师这碗饭。 这种蘑菇吃不得。 他从小吃鸡蛋，吃伤了。 羊吃草，婴儿吃奶。 我戒烟的时候，我老婆吃了不少苦。 他真是哑巴吃黄连，有苦说不出。 靠山吃山，靠水吃水。,4. 根据语境选词,Context 1 A 要采取应急措施，尽快解决地震灾区用电和急救人员的通信联络问题，保证居民正常供水。 B 据环球时报报道，印度外交部高 官表示，愿同中国解决两国边境纠纷 三十年来，中国经济以震惊世界的GDP数值高速增长。 A Over the past three decades, chinas economy has growing at a fast GDP rate that shocks the world. B Over the past three decades, chinas economy has growing at a fast GDP rate that amazes the world. 丰富的想像力 wild imagination 丰富的自然资源 rich in natur