名词从句和状语从句.ppt

名词性从句,名词性从句的定义：,起名词作用的从句，这些从句可以作为一个整体来看待，其作用就相当于一个名词，在复合句中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，分别称作主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,简单句的五种基本句型,主语 + 系动词 + 表语 主语 + 谓语 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 主语 + 谓语 + 直接宾语 + 间接宾语 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语,认清句子结构,He made me happy. I remember him. The question is difficult. We all know the pop star, Zhou Jielun. His dream has come true.,He made me happy.,That he came to help me in time made me happy. What he said made me happy.,I remember him.,I remember that I have met him somewhere before. I remember where I have met him before. I remember when I have met him somewhere.,The question is difficult.,The question is how we can finish the work in such a short time. The question is who can come to help us. The question is where we can get so much money.,We all know the fact that the earth travels around the sun. His dream that he will become a movie star has come true. What the fortune-teller predicted 20 years ago has come ture.,We all know the pop star, Zhou Jielun. His dream has come true.,名词性从句的连接词及其作用,that 不做成分；没词义；有作用 whether ( if 只能在动词宾语从句中代替whether，而且不许出现 if or not三词紧挨着之情况) 不做成分；有词义；有作用 who whom whose what which 做成分；有词义；有作用 when where how why 做成分；有词义；有作用,名词性从句的连接词及其作用,The fact remains that we are behind the other groups. She asked if that was enough. Whether the football match will be played or not depends on the weather Mary is worrying about whether she has hurt his feelings. I dont care whether or not he has realized his mistake. I dont care if / whether he has realized his mistake or not. Who did the work is unknown.,名词性从句的连接词及其作用,名词性从句的连接词及其作用,8. I was surprised at what he said. 9. I wonder whose book it is. 10.Here are some books. Tell me which is worth reading. 11. Tell me which book is Li Leis. 12. That is why she is so happy. 13. Where she has gone is not known yet. 14. I dont know when she will arrive tomorrow. 15. No one knows how the ancient Chinese people moved so huge stones in the past.,名词性从句与定语从句的比较：,连接词的比较： 名词从句：that whether who whom whose what which when where how why 定语从句：that who whom whose which when where why as,名词性从句与定语从句的比较：,B. 作用的比较： 1. that 引导名词从句不做成分，引导定语从句作主语或宾语； 2. which引导名词从句作定语间或主语，引导定语从句做主语或宾语； C结构的比较： 1. 名词从句直接做主语、宾语、表语或同位语 2. 定语从句和先行词一起做主语、宾语、表语或同位语,名词性从句与定语从句的比较：,Everyone knows that China is a developing country. Everyone knows the fact that China is a developing country. Is this the factory ( that ) you visited last year? The book that I bought yesterday is well worth reading.,名词性从句与定语从句的比较：,Tell me which seat is mine, please! Oh, so many cars! Can you pick out which ( one ) is Mr Lis. May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which Do you know which hotel _? A. she is staying B. she is staying in C. is she staying D. is she staying in,名词性从句与定语从句的比较：,What he said at the meeting encouraged us all. The words that he said at the meeting encouraged us all. We are discussing whom well invite to the party next week. We are discussing the person whom well invite to the party next week.,名词性从句与定语从句的比较：,I dont know who is standing there. I dont know the person who is standing there. Li Lei has told me whom he is in love with. Li Lei has told me the girl whom he is in love with. She wonders whose fault it is. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. That is why she is so happy. That is the reason why she is so happy. The factory where Li Lei worked last year is not far. I dont know where Li Lei worked last year. I met Li Leis brother where Li Lei worked last year.,名词性从句注意的几个问题：,用it作形式主语的主语从句 英语中其他一些从属连词，如because, as, as if 等，也可用来引导表语从句。注意下面常见的句型： 英语中，表示建议、命令、要求的名词性从句中，谓语动词用 “should+动词原形” 的形式，should 可以省略。,用it作形式主语的主语从句。,如果主语从句太长，为了避免句子结构头重脚轻，我们可以用 it 作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后，尤其是当主句的谓语动词是连系动词时。 例如： 1. It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film with me yesterday.很遗憾你昨天没和我去看电影。 2. It is certain that their government will lose the next election. 他们的政府在下次选举中会失败是确定无疑的。,用it作形式主语的主语从句。,3. It hasnt been decided whether the meeting will be held tomorrow. 明天是否开会还没确定。 4. It is important / necessary / right that 是重要的/必要的/正确的. 5. It is said/reported/hoped/believed that据说/据报道/人们希望/人们相信 6. It happens that碰巧 7. It occurs to sb that （某人）突然想到,8. it doesnt matter how / whether 如何不重要/是否不重要。 9. It is likely that 很可能 10. What a shame it is that！ 多可惜呀！ 11. It is no wonder that 怪不得 12. It turned out that 结果证明 13. It is probable that 很可能 14. It is well-known that 众所周知 15. It is thought that人们认为,用it作形式主语的主语从句。,表语从句常见句型,1. Things are not as they seem to be. 2. I think it is because you are too serious. 3. All this was over 20 years ago, but its as if it were only yesterday. 4. The reason why he is often late for class is that he has the bad habit of getting up late in the morning. 5. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That is why I got wet through. 6. I got wet through. That was because I hand no umbrella.,英语中，表示建议、命令、要求的名词性从句中，谓语动词用 “should+动词原形” 的形式，should 可以省略。,A. 建议（advise suggest propose ）命令（order command） 要求（ demand insist request require ）后的宾语从句中； B. 在“It is / was +形容词（或过去分词）+主语从句”的句型中； 常用形容词：necessary, important, strange, natural, possible 等 常用过去分词: suggested, ordered, demanded, required, proposed, advised, decided等 C. idea, proposal, suggestion, order, plan, decision, advice, desire, requirement 等名词之后的表语从句或宾语从句中,例如： I suggest that he (should) have a rest. My suggestion is that he (should) have a rest. That he (should) have a rest is my suggestion. My suggestion that he (should) have a rest has been accepted.,英语中，表示建议、命令、要求的名词性从句中，谓语动词用 “should+动词原形” 的形式，should 可以省略。,教材中的从句( 1 ),Frederick William I, the king of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown color like honey. The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the countrys best artists about ten years to make.,_ _ _,_ _ _,_ _ _,_ _,教材中的从句( 2 ),In September 1941, the Nazi army was near St Petersburg. This was a time when the two countries were at war. Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace, the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects form the Amber room. However, some of the Nazis secretly stole the room itself. In less than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside 27 wooden boxes. There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea. After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.,_,_,_ _,_ _,_,教材中的从句( 3 ),Please take me to a place where I can find the animal that gave fur to make this sweater. I wonder what is being done to help you. Daisy turned around and found that she was being watched by an elephant. They said we destroyed their farms, and money from tourists only went to the large tour companies. It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes. You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together. When scientists inspected the bones, they were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others but also climb trees. They learned this from the way the bones were joined together.,体会名词性从句的构成( 1 ),We are behind the other groups.,that we are behind the other groups who are behind the other groups whom we are behind whether we are behind the other groups,体会名词性从句的构成 ( 2 ),That we are behind the other groups is a fact. We have to admit that we are behind the other groups. That we are behind the other groups makes us face-losing. We have been told the bad news that we are behind the other groups. He hasnt known that we are behind the other groups.,体会名词性从句的构成 ( 3 ),We must find out who are behind the other groups. Its clear who are behind the other groups. We are discussing the question who are behind the other groups. The question is who are behind the other groups.,体会名词性从句的构成 ( 4 ),I dont know whether we are behind the other groups. Its not clear whether we are behind the other groups. Whether we are behind the other groups doesnt matter. It doesnt matter whether we are behind the other groups.,His carelessness caused the accident.,that his carelessness caused the accident whether his carelessness caused the accident what caused the accident what his carelessness caused,体会名词性从句的构成 ( 5 ),体会名词性从句的构成 ( 6 ),We all know that his carelessness caused the accident. That his carelessness caused the accident is a fact. It is said that his carelessness caused the accident. That his carelessness caused the accident makes us careful with driving. We have learned a lesson from the fact that his carelessness caused the accident.,体会名词性从句的构成 ( 7 ),We are discussing whether his carelessness caused the accident. Whether his carelessness caused the accident is still a question. We are not sure whether his carelessness caused the accident.,体会名词性从句的构成 ( 8 ),We dont know what caused the accident. What caused the accident hasnt been found out. What caused the accident is am important question. What matters is what caused the accident. We must make it clear what caused the accident.,He hasnt realized what his carelessness caused. What his carelessness caused is very serious. What his carelessness caused brought him great trouble. The following is what his carelessness caused.,体会名词性从句的构成 ( 9 ),体会名词性从句的构成 ( 10 ),You call my hometown “Ancient Greece”. I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece”. It is part of the USA now. I lived in what is part of the UAS now. He said that his bike was lost. What he said is true. The village was the place theyd been dreaming of. They reached what ( they thought ) was the place theyd been dreaming of.,体会名词性从句的构成 ( 11 ),5.That made him angry. I dont know what made him so angry. 6. An accident happened there. What happened there is still a mystery. 7.That more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities made the school proud. What made the school proud was that more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. 8. We cant get all that we like. What we cant get seems better than what we have.,状语从句,状语从句在复合句里起状语作用，修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号分开；放在主句之后，一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较、等9种。,认识状语及状语从句,He reads English every morning. We met Li Lei on the street. Li Lei came late this morning because of rain. In that case, we must start early tomorrow. Only in this way can we work out the problem. To buy a perfect gift for their son, the parents have been to five malls. He rushed to the railway station, only to find that the train had left.,认识状语及状语从句,He was reading when I went to see him. He was reading every time I went to see him. We met Li Lei where he works. We met Li Lei where he studied last year. We met Li Lei where I played football yesterday. Li Lei came late because it rained. Li Lei came late because his bike was br