中英合作水资源需求管理项目【最新精品】.doc

专业好文档UK/ChinaWaterResourcesDemandManagementAssistanceProject中英合作水资源需求管理项目WRDMAPGlossaryofTerms:ChineseandEnglish术语汇编（中英对照）（初版）WaterResourcesDemandManagementAssistanceProject水资源需求管理援助项目WRDMAPGlossaryofTerms:ChineseandEnglish术语汇编（中英对照）“Acquirenewknowledgewhilstthinkingovertheold,andyoumaybecomeateacherofothers.”Confucius“温故而知新，可以为师矣”孔子Preface前言本术语表是水资源需求管理项目术语表的初级版本，是在水资源需求管理项目中汇编而成，该项目是由英国国际发展部出资、水利部负责实施的双边合作项目。在水行业发展项目初期就开始编写术语表，随后在水资源需求管理援助项目（WRDMAP）启动之前进一步对术语表进行了修订和更新。WRDMAP项目决定将目前版本的术语表印刷成册，尽管专家们指出它还存在诸多不足之处。在项目起始阶段对术语表尽可能地进行了修正。WRDMAP项目计划在2006年底重新印制术语表，在第二版中将纳入来自相关各方的修改意见和建议。Thisdraft/preliminaryversionoftheWaterResourcesDemandManagementProjectGlossaryhasbeenassembledundertheWaterResourcesDemandManagementProjectfundedbyDFIDandcarriedoutbyMWR.TheGlossary专业好文档wasstartedduringtheearlierWaterSectorDevelopmentProjectandwassubsequentlyfurtherdevelopedduringtheperiodpriortothecommencementofWRDMAP.IthasbeendecidedtoprintthisversiondespitethefactthatWRDMAPexpertshaveidentifiedmanyshortcomingsinthedocument.ThesehavebeencorrectedtotheextentpossibleduringtheInceptionPhaseoftheProject.However,itisintendedtoreprintanimprovedsecondeditionattheendof2006incorporatingcommentsandmodifications,suggestionsreceived.本术语表的编写目的是为项目人员提供水资源管理方面的常用术语、短语以及技术、机构缩略语，以便促进项目中方人员与国际专家之间的相互理解和交流沟通。在因学科、机构或地理区域的不同而常常导致术语的翻译出现很大差别的情况下，本术语表将尤其有助于口、笔译人员在翻译工作中使用更加统一的中英术语。ThepurposeofthisdocumentistoprovideinEnglishandChinesecommonlyusedwaterresourcesmanagementtermsandphrasesandtechnicalandagencyabbreviationsforthebenefitoffacilitatingbetterunderstandingandcommunicationamongstandbetweenChinesecounterpartsandinternationalpersonnelworkingontheProject.Thisdocumentisintendedtobeparticularlyusefulinassistinginterpretersandtranslatorsincarryingouttheirimportantrolebyusingmoreuniformterminologyinbothlanguageswhereoftentermscanbeinterpretedortranslatedverydifferentlydependingupondiscipline,agency,orgeographicarea.本术语表不是开创性的，不是不可更改的，也不是一本水资源管理术语词典。给予“定义”的目的是按照词典编纂惯例为常用术语或短语提供一种“描述性”的解释。本术语表并不是根据传统词典的“规定性”解释方式精确定义的。为此，对于一些术语和短语，对其在其他学科、机构或地理区域可能常见的用法或者替换词进行了解释。同时，还应当指出的是不是所有的英文术语都按照字母顺序排列，为了方便起见，有的术语排列在近似词或者与主题相关的词后面。Thisdocumentisneithertheseminalnordefinitiveglossarynordictionaryofwatermanagementtermsandphrases.Theobjectiveofthe“definition”istoprovidea“descriptive”explanationofthetermorphrasebasedonlexicographicalpracticeofcurrentusage.Itisnotaglossaryofprecisedefinitionsbasedontraditionaldictionarypracticeof“prescriptive”explanation.Forthisreason,withsometermsandphases,thereisanexplanationofitsapplicationoralternativewordsthatmaybecommonlyencounteredinotherdisciplines,agenciesorgeographicareas.Itshouldalsobenotedthatnotallentriesareinalphabeticalorderbutsometimesmoreconvenientlylocatednexttosimilarwordsorsubjectmatterissues.专业好文档虽然本术语表的现有内容在很多方面都需要“审视”，勿庸置疑，还可以将更多的词语和短语添加到术语表中，并对所提供的定义进行修改。如果您对术语表有任何的意见和建议，包括添加和删除术语、修改定义、解释和译文、调整格式和版面等等，请通过电子邮件发送给WRDMAP项目的管理助理王玥女士（）。Thereareundoubtedlymanymoretermsandphrasesthatcanbeaddedand/orvariationstothedefinitionsprovidedwhilsttheexistingcontentsneedsattentioninmanyareas.Itisrequestedthatanyreaderwhomayhavecommentsorcontributionstothecontentsadding,deletingorcorrectingdefinitionsandexplanations,translations,orformat,pleasesendyourcommentstotheWRDMAPProjectManagementAssistantWangY.AdvisoryTeamLeader,ATL,Beijing,January2006.咨询专家组长（ATL）2006年1月于北京专业好文档English英文Definition定义pin-yin拼音Chinese中文Definition定义abstractRemoveorwithdrawwaterfromanysource,eithertemporarilyorpermanentlyqushui取水临时性或永久性地将水从任何水源移走。abstractionfeePaymenttoagovernmentagency,e.g.waterresourcedepartment,fortherighttoabstractwaterqushuifei取水费为取水的权利向政府部门（例如水利部门）交纳的费用。dischargefeePaymenttoagovernmentagency,e.g.environmentdepartment,fortherighttodischargewastewaterpaiwufei排污费为排放污水的权利向政府部门（例如环境部门）交纳的费用。feePaymenttogovernmentoragovernmentagencyfortherighttousewater,e.g.abstractwaterordischargewastewater,orforthecostsofissueandadministrationofpermitsorlicensesFei费为用水（例如取水或者排放污水）的权利或者用水许可证或执照的发放和管理成本向政府或者政府部门交纳的费用。chargePriceofwatersupplyorwastewaterdischargepayabletothegovernmentagencyorothercompanyprovidingtheserviceshoufei，shuifei水费,收费应当向政府机构或者其它提供服务的公司支付的供水或者污水排放价格。abstractionlicenseTheauthorizationgrantedbyawateragencyorotherregulatoryauthorityqushuixuke取水许可由水利机构或者其它管理部门所发放的允许从某个水源取水的授权证书。专业好文档English英文Definition定义pin-yin拼音Chinese中文Definition定义toallowtheabstractionofwaterfromawatersourceaccountabilityBeinganswerabletoapersonororganizationtoensurethattasksarecarriedoutinaccordancewithspecificinstructionsorlegislation.Thistermisgenerallyusedwhentheaccountablepersonororganizationmaydelegatetheactualexecutionofthetaskstoanotherpersonororganization.Comparewithresponsibility.wenze,wenzezhi问责，问责制对某个人或者组织负责，以保证按照具体的指令或者法规的要求开展工作。本术语通常用于应当承担责任的个人或者组织可以将工作的具体开展托付给另一个人或者组织的情况。比较责任。actionplanQualitativedescriptionofasetofactionstobetakeninordertoachieveoneormoreobjectives.Oftenpreparedasinspirationforformulationandplanningofmorespecificprogrammesorprojects.xingdongjihua行动计划对旨在实现一个或者多个目标的一系列行动所做的定性说明。常常是为制订、筹划比较具体的计划或者项目提依据而准备的。leakagedetectionMethodstoidentifywaterlossesfromdistributionnetworks,fittingsandhouseholdappliances,e.g.fieldinspections,analysisofnightflowsandwaterpressure,usingshenloujiance渗漏检测检查配水管网、设备和家庭器具水的流失的方法，例如进行现场检查，分析夜间流量和水压，利用地音探听器或者听音棒探听。专业好文档English英文Definition定义pin-yin拼音Chinese中文Definition定义geophonesorlisteningsticksleakagecontrolSystematicprogramtominimizeleakagefromwaterdistributionnetworksbyuseofappropriatematerials,pressuretestsofnewpiping,leakagedetectioncampaigns,maintenanceandrepairshenloukongzhi渗漏控制最大限度地减少配水管网渗漏的系统性计划，包括使用适当的材料,对新管线进行压力试验,开展渗漏检测运动,进行维护和修理等。agencyAnydepartment,statutoryauthority,commissionorsimilarorganizationestablishedbylegislationand/orsubjecttogovernmentcontroljigou,jiguan,bumen机构，机关,部门依法成立并且（或者）受政府管辖的任何部门、法定机构、委员会或者类似的组织。allocationProcedurestoshareavailablewaterresourcesamongcompetingusersanduses,includingtheresultingdistributionofwatershuifenpei水分配在竞争性用水户与用途之间分配水资源的过程，包括向用户配水。aquaticenvironmentThephysical,chemicalorecologicalenvironmentexistingwithinlakes,riversandotherwaterbodiesshuihuanjing水环境湖泊、河流及其它水体的物理、化学或者生态环境。aquiferAwater-bearingundergroundformationofpermeablerockorsedimentabletohold,transmitandreleasehanshuiceng,xushuiceng含水层，蓄水层由渗透性岩石或者泥沙组成的能够储存、传输和释放较多水量的地层。专业好文档English英文Definition定义pin-yin拼音Chinese中文Definition定义significantquantitiesofwatergroundwaterminingWithdrawalofgroundwaterinamountsthatexceedstheaveragerateofrechargeoftheaquiferdixiashuikaicai地下水开采地下水开采量超过了含水层的平均补给速度。assimilativecapacityThecapacityofawaterbodytoreceivewastewaterortoxicmaterialswithoutdetrimentaleffectsandwithoutdamagetotheaquaticenvironmentorhumanswhoconsumethewaternawunengli纳污能力水体接纳废水或有毒物质而不会带来有害影响以及给水环境或者使用该水体的人带来损害的能力。audit(end-use)Proceduretocheckwhetherwaterisusedaccordingtoplansorpermitsandhavingtheintendedsocial,economicorenvironmentalimpactsshenji(zhongduanyongshui)审计（终端用水）检查用水是否符合计划或许可证的规定、是否产生预期的社会、经济或者环境影响的过程。audit(financial)Examinationoffinancialrecordsofanagencyorcompanytodetermineiftherecordsareaccurateandprovidearealisticaccountofthefinancialstatusoftheagencyorcompanyshenji(caiwu)审计（财务）检查机构或者公司的财务记录，以确定记录是否准确，是否反映了该机构或者公司的实际财务状况。audit(water)Asystematicassessmentoftheamountandnatureofshenji(shui)审计（水）对不同终端用户（居民、商业或者工业用户）用水的数量和性质专业好文档English英文Definition定义pin-yin拼音Chinese中文Definition定义waterusebydifferentendusers(residential,commercial,orindustrial)inordertoidentifypotentialareasforreduction,conservationorefficiencyimprovementofthewateruse进行系统的评估，以确定在哪些方面还有潜力减少用水、节水或者提高用水效率。availableresourceThemaximumreliableamountofwaterthatcanbeabstractedfromawatersourcetakingaccountofvariousfactors(probabilityoftheminimumflowinariverorthesafeyieldofaborehole(?)etc)keliyongshuiziyuanliang可利用水资源量从某个水源可以开采的最大可靠水量，由河流最小流量概率或者井孔的可靠产水量决定。availablesupplyThemaximumreliableamountofwaterthatcanbesuppliedbyawatersupplierkegongshuiliang可供水量供水机构可提供的最大可靠供水量。average-daydemandAveragedailywaterusefromadistributionsystemasmeasuredbytheannualwaterproductiondividedby365ripingjunxushuiliang日平均需水量以年水产总量除以365得出的配水系统平均日用水量。avoided-costThecoststhatawatersupplycompanyavoidsthroughreductionofwaterconsumptionandwaterlosses,includingbothoperatingandcapitalbimianfeiyong避免费用供水公司通过减少用水和水损避免的费用，包括运行费用和资本费用。专业好文档English英文Definition定义pin-yin拼音Chinese中文Definition定义costsbackgroun