外文翻译--混合动力汽车

附 录 附录 A.英文文献 Hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles have advantages in many fields， such as technology, economy and environment will become the first decades of the new century, the development of mainstream cars and automobile industry become the consensus of all of the industry. The Chinese government also has the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) specifically listed, including hybrid vehicles, including electric cars of major projects. At present, Chinas independent innovation of new energy vehicles in the process, adhere to the government support to core technology, key components and system integration focusing on the principles established in hybrid electric vehicles, through close links between production cooperation, Chinas independent innovation of hybrid cars has made significant progress. With completely independent intellectual property rights form the power system technology platform, established a hybrid electric vehicle technology development. Is the core of hybrid vehicles batteries (including battery management system) technology. In addition, also include engine technology, motor control, vehicle control technology, engine and electrical interface between the power conversion and is also the key. From the current situation, China has established a hybrid electric vehicle power system through Cooperative R &； D technology platforms and systems, made a series of breakthroughs for vehicle development has laid a solid foundation. Mastered the core technology of key components, developed a series of products, a comprehensive follow-up of key components and parts industry. In the core of hybrid cars - battery technology research and development, China has independently developed the capacity to 6Ah-100Ah Ni-MH and Li-ion battery products, energy density and power density close to the international level and break through the security technology bottlenecks the scale of the worlds first urban public transport buses used； the following self-developed 200kW permanent magnet brushless motors, induction motors and switched reluctance motor, motor power to weight ratio than 1300w/kg, Motor system to achieve maximum efficiency 93%； self-developed fuel cell engine technology advanced, more than 50% efficiency, control the worlds few car a hundred kilowatt fuel cell engine development, manufacturing and testing technology one of the countries. At the same time, the key components of hybrid car industry, a comprehensive follow-up of production capabilities and complete. Mastered the entire vehicle key development, the formation of a capability to develop various types of electric vehicles. Hybrid cars in China in systems integration, reliability, fuel economy and other aspects of the marked progress in achieving fuel economy of different technical solutions can be 10% -40%. Meanwhile, the hybrid vehicle automotive enterprises and industrial R &； D investment significantly enhanced, accelerating the pace of industrialization. A vehicle that has two or more power trains is called a hybrid vehicle. The power train is defined as the combination of the energy source and the energy converter A hybrid vehicle drive train usually consists of no more than two power trains. More than two power trains will make the drive train very complicated. For the purpose of recapturing braking energy that is dissipated in the form of heat in conventional IC engine vehicles, a hybrid drive train usually has a power train that allows energy to flow bidirectional A hybrid drive train can supply its power to the load by a selective power train. There are many available patterns of operating two power trains to meet the load requirement: 1. Power train 1 alone delivers its power to the load. 2. Power train 2 alone delivers its power to the load. 3. Both power train 1 and power train 2 deliver their power to the load simultaneously. 4. Power train 2 obtains power from the load (regenerative braking). 5. Power train 2 obtains power from power train 1. 6. Power train 2 obtains power from power train 1 and the load simultaneously. 7. Power train 1 delivers power to the load and to power train 2 simultaneously. 8. Power train 1 delivers its power to power train 2, and power train 2 delivers its power to the load. 9. Power train 1 delivers its power to the load, and the load delivers the power to power train 2. In the case of hybridization with a gasoline (diesel)IC engine (power train 1) and a batteryelectric machine (power train 2), pattern (1) is the engine alone propelling mode. This may be used when the batteries are almost completely depleted and the engine has no remaining power to charge the batteries, or when the batteries have been fully charged and the engine is able to supply sufficient power to meet the power demands of the vehicle. Pattern (2) is the pure electric propelling mode, in which the engine is shut off. This pattern may be used for situations where the engine cannot operate effectively, such as very low speed, or in areas where emissions are strictly prohibited. Pattern (3) is the hybrid traction mode and may be used when large power is needed, such as during sharp accelerating or steep hill climbing. Pattern (4) is the regenerative braking mode, by which the kinetic or potential energy of the vehicle is recovered through the electric motor functioning as a generator. The recovered energy is then stored in the batteries and reused later on. Pattern (5) is the mode in which the engine charges the batteries while the vehicle is at a standstill, coasting, or descending a slight grade, in which no power goes into or comes from the load. Pattern (6) is the mode in which both regenerating braking and the IC engine charge the batteries simultaneously. Pattern (7) is the mode in which the engine propels the vehicle and charges the batteries simultaneously. Pattern (8) is the mode in which the engine charges the batteries, and the batteries supply power to the load. Pattern (9) is the mode in which the power flows into the batteries from the heat engine through the vehicle mass. The abundant operation modes in a hybrid vehicle create much more flexibility over a single power train vehicle. With proper configuration and control, applying a specific mode for a special operating condition can potentially optimize the overall performance, efficiency, and emissions. However, in a practical design, deciding which mode should be implemented depends on many factors, such as the physical configuration of the drive train, power train efficiency characteristics, load characteristics, and so on. Operating each power train in its optimal efficiency region is essential for the overall efficiency of the vehicle. 附录 B.中文翻译 混合动力汽车及电动汽车 在技术、经济和环境等方面的综合优势 使其成为新世纪前几十年汽车发展的主流，并成为我国汽车界所有业内人士的共识。我国政府也已经在国家高技术研究发展计划 (863 计划 )中专门开列了包括混合动力汽车在内的电动汽车重大专项。目前，我国在新能源汽车的自主创新过程 中，坚持了政府支持，以核心技术、关键部件和系统集成为重点的原则，通过产学研紧密合作，我国混合动力汽车的自主创新取得了重大进展。 形成了具有完全自主知识产权的动力系统技术平台，建立了混合动力汽车技术开发体系。混合动力汽车的核心是电池（包括电池管理系统）技术。除此之外，还包括发动机技术、电机控制技术、整车控制技术等，发动机和电机之间动力的转换和衔接也是重点。从目前情况来看，我国已经建立起了混合动力汽车动力系统技术平台和产学研合作研发体系，取得了一系列突破性成果，为整车开发奠定了坚实的基础。 掌握了关键零部件核心 技术，自主开发出系列化产品，关键零部件产业化全面跟进。在混合动力汽车的核心 电池技术研发方面，我国已自主研制出容量为 6Ah-100Ah 的镍氢和锂离子动力电池系列产品，能量密度和功率密度接近国际水平，同时突破了安全技术瓶颈，在世界上首次规模应用于城市公交大客车；自主开发的 200kW 以下永磁无刷电机、交流异步电机和开关磁阻电机，电机重量比功率超过 1300w/kg，电机系统最高效率达到 93；自主开发的燃料电池发动机技术先进，效率超过 50%，成为世界上少数几个掌握车用百千瓦级燃料电池发动机研发、制造以及测试技术 的国家之一。与此同时，混合动力汽车关键零部件的产业化全面跟进，生产配套能力显著增强。 掌握了电动汽车整车开发关键技术，形成了各类电动汽车的开发能力。我国混合动力汽车在系统集成、可靠性、节油性能等方面进步显著，不同技术方案可实现节油 10%-40%。同时，各汽车企业对混合动力汽车的研发和产业化投入显著增强，产业化步伐不断加快。 一个拥有两个或以上动力系统的汽车称为混合动力车，这个动力系统被定义成能量源和能量转换装置的结合，通常混合动力车的驱动系不会多于两个动力系统。多于两个动力系统会似的驱动系非常的复杂。出于回 收传统内燃机车辆制动过程中变成热消耗掉的能量，混合动力驱动系通常有一个动力系统允许能量双向流动。 混合动力驱动系可以将动力通过可选择的路线传递给