外文翻译--专用车市场现状分析及趋势研究

1 附 录 附录 A 外文资料 A. market situation analysis and research trend A. is half hanged tractor, dump truck, car, tank car, van, the special structure of hoisting lift car, store house bar car, and other special vehicles. From abroad, the development of the car industry, the development trend of auto specialty. In the 20th century 70, 80 time, the main functions of the developed countries of specialized automobile vehicles is 50% of the quantities, now has been increased to 80 %. Chinas current below 25 %. China has joined the WTO, developing automobile industry is facing a great challenge, special vehicle is an important part of automobile industry, affected is inevitable. With the development of economy and the construction of infrastructure, China will need a lot of special automobile, therefore the tenth-five period in China will be truly special development into fast track. Special automobile market analysis. In recent years, Chinas special automobile industry. In 1990, the production of specialized automobile enterprises about 500, 2000, has 756 home auto production enterprise of total 884 85.5 per cent. In 1998, our special automobile production of 14.95 million vehicles, the total of the auto production, 1999 respectively 21.2% 17.41 million vehicles and achieve 17.28 million vehicles. In 2001, and special markets are almost the entire automotive market occupation deodorants. Currently our special automobile market has the following five basic features: 1.Special-purpose automobile production and demand truly reflects many varieties, small batch. Special automobile refitting enterprise development and production has many varieties, seriation, pluralism characteristics in different periods, market, adjust the different needs of different products production scale. This feature in cars and ordinary greatly vehicles. Generally speaking, the box truck, traction semi-trailer, etc, in demand more than tipper, alone can reach up to 10 million, most special vehicle demand to hundreds of thousands of cars only cars, and some even several dozens or car. 2.Our special automobile recent price advantage, part of a product is competitive. Domestic main varieties, such as special automobile, refrigerator, semi-trailers concrete pump truck, car, transport and accessory part oilfield as lifting transporter through cooperation, technology or imported special device, approaching or partial reached international advanced level, price competition with the ability of foreign products. To demand greater products, such as heavy, medium dump truck, car, tank truck and van car etc, 2 have a stable domestic market. 3.Special-purpose automobile service fields, market prospect is anacreontic, different period of different, but can appear more hot hot exists. In 2001, for example, the country increased infrastructure investment, especially in infrastructure, increasing investment in the construction of the Midwest, plus such as west-east gas transmission and electricity, water, the qinghai-tibet railway and highway construction of domestic several large project startup, heavy exclusive up year-on-year, the 84.5 %, Meanwhile, the development of the highway road cargo further specialization, intensive, various box truck, half hanged tractor and special carriers of the social demand had the very big enhancement, only half hanged tractor, year-on-year growth of about 90% by the car industry, become a black horse. 4.Market calls stronger technical content, specificity of special products, but higher market supply capacity. Because Chinas most exclusive enterprise development ability weak, capital, technology appear quite a number of domestic enterprises do not have enough to eat, a. a. market and pretty much on imports to fill the position. A. as heavy, domestic production, and the market more than 70 species to 200 types, 500 cultivars, can satisfy the market companies within 30%. In addition, because many industries for special automobile technology, high performance requirements to achieve a domestic product requirements, such as airport special automobile, highway maintenance management, senior medical ambulance etc. Car, And as YunChaoChe domestic market capacity and products of domestic enterprises can rarely grade C bulletproof requirements. 5.Special-purpose automobile production enterprises, the market management of the good and bad are intermingled. A. industry various mechanisms, organization form is diversified. There, the state-run private, There are limited liability company, joint stock limited company is, Also belong to different industries, mode of production and management by truck chassis refitting, market, easy to interference. Illegally assembled and selling product certification phenomenon in all, which seriously interfere with special automobile market. Special automobile manufacturing enterprise, mostly for small and medium-sized enterprise, the difference between. According to the modified enterprise 1999 annual 530 home, more than 1000 production enterprises only 47, accounting for 8.9%, Production of enterprises under 100 $229, accounting for 43.2 percent. There are 45 yield less than 10 bus. In recent years, the government to strengthen the management of specialized automobile market, increase the reorganization and crack, market environment is greatly improved, to gradually regularized. Although our special automobile industry development prospects and success, but compared with special automobile enterprises abroad, there are still great difference. 1.The labor productivity significantly lower. In 1999, special production enterprises, the output value per person for 0.98 million yuan, the profit for 11.13 0.015 yuan per person. 3 And the three indexes, Japan in early 1990 to 12.5 million cars, and the period 37.5 million. 2.Product technical level is relatively backward. Mainly displays in: (1) the utilization coefficient, low quality of same type, with more than 20 foreign heavy vehicle tonnage； % 30 % 2 special function satisfaction than the same products abroad backward 5 10 years, 3 man-computer engineering application, adaptive performance is not strong, high technology USES less, 4 vehicle reliability, sealing and durability, and noise pollution emission. 3.Product development ability is poor. Our special automobile varieties are mostly through a generic, and high technology products through introducing technology or product to make appropriate improvement and localization, the lack of real independent innovation products development. The international competition ability is weak. Our special cars with low coefficient of international competitiveness, import and export trade, and the import value difference of specialized automobile mainly from Europe and Japan and other developed countries, mainly exports southeast Asia and Africa is the object of the developing countries.In the tenth-five period special-purpose automobile development trend. Along with the national tenth five-year plan period, the steady development of the national economy and the market economic system, and the improvement of electronic and information and automation technology in the automotive industry, the development of domestic special-purpose automobile will appear as follows: 1.The special market demand growth, and the market will be more competitive, special production enterprises gradually to the polarization. According to the country special tenth five-year plan period, tenth-five period special-purpose automobile needs to 10% annual growth rate increases, in 2005, our various special automobile market demand for 34 million cars, trucks of production equipments, including the 35 million, 41.8 14.1 %, Tractor semi-trailer 4.8 million vehicles, 14%, Van car 85,000, 25% of the time, 3.3 million cars, car tank of 9.5%, 135 million cars lifting lifters, 4%, The special structure of 1.7 million cars, 5%, Store house bar 0.2 million cars, car type 0.7%. Tenth-five, is expected to end the special automobile ownership will reach 275.3 million vehicles. Facing such opportunities, coupled with the wto brings more foreign products, special vehicle production enterprise competition intensifies, domestic car again production enterprise stronger who will appear the weak, the weak, the enterprise will be further, exclusive joint, merger, reorganization and leasing, private car will also become one of the enterprise reform mode. 2.The special demand more diversified and some special function, special products will ChongXingHua, special function to high technical content, the direction of development. Large-tonnage heavy vehicle transportation safety, high, low cost, and transportation units in some developed countries of the main highway transportation of container trailer is heavy, 4 tank truck and various special semi-trailer, the special production and heavy mainly are the total quantities of 80 %. Our special cars by road conditions and production of special chassis, has been to limit, heavy mid-size car obviously low proportion. Along with our country economy and the traffic environment improvement, industry of specialized automobile especially heavy special-purpose automobile demand is bigger and bigger, heavy dump truck, bulk cement concrete mixer, car and truck, high compression garbage truck, sprayer, municipal transport, a. a. heavy oil will win customers. To the degree of specialization and special requirements are increasingly high technical content, born out of many new special type. By 2005, heavy, medium and small proportion is 1:6 by now, 3 evolved for 3:4:3 reasonable composition. By 1998 will breed varieties, 223 1372 cultivars, increased to 300 kinds of 2005, 3 000 varieties. 3.Car production flexibility, automation, professional to produce and coordination network development, design and development of CAD technology of virtual technology is widely used to test technology, intelligent, systematic development direction. A. many varieties, small batch, short cycle characteristics, product updates faster, market demand diversity, personalized towards the direction of development, the traditional pattern of all-round enterprise competitiveness, will lose all forms of cooperative development, production and marketing, fast response to market demands, flexible production, design, manufacturing and adopted by many enterprises. CAD technology for shortening exclusive product development cycle, improve product quality and reduce cost will play a positive role in promoting. At the same time, with special automobile production and technology development, and special automobile test coverage is more and more wide, from the traditional measuring instrument to various special test equipment, from a single test to the comprehensive test, from hardware to software are put forward higher request, and more complex, will promote the technique and method of special test. Combined with the application of computer software technology, special test technical trend intelligent and systematized. 5 附录 B 外文资料中文翻译 专用车市场现状分析及趋势研究 专用车是自卸车、半挂牵引车、厢式车、罐式车、起重举升车、特种结构车、仓栅车等专用载货汽车的统称。从国外汽车工业的发展来看 ,载货汽车专用化的发展趋势比较明显。 20世纪 70、 80年代 ,主要发达国家的专用汽车保有量占载货汽车保有量的 50%左右 ,如今已增至 80%。 而我国目前低于 25%。我国已加入 WTO ,汽车工业发展正面临巨大的挑战 ,专用汽车是汽车工业的重要组成部分 ,受到影响是不可避免的。随着经济的发展和基础设施建设的加快 ,我国将需要大量的专用汽车 ,因此 “ 十五 ” 期间我国专用车发展将真正驶入 “ 快车道 ” 。 近年来 ,我国专用汽车行业蓬勃发展。 1990年全国生产专用汽车的企业约 500多家 , 2000年已达 756家 ,占汽车生产企业总数 884家的 85.5%。 1998年我国专用汽车产量达14.95万辆 ,占当年全国载货汽车总产量的 21.2% ,1999年产销分别达到 17.41万辆和 17.28万辆。 2001年专用车市场稳中有升 ,其产销几乎占领整个载货汽车市场的半壁江山。目前我国专用汽车市场具有如下五个基本特征 : 1.专用汽车的生产和需求真正体现了多品种、小批量。专用汽车改装企业的开发和生产具有多品种、系列化、多元化的特点 ,企业针对市场不同时期的不同需求 ,调整不同系列产品的产量比例。这一特征大大区别于轿车和普通载货汽车。一般而言 ,厢式运输车、牵引半挂车等年需求量较大 ,达万辆以上 ,自卸车可达 10万辆左右 ,大多数专用汽车的需求量仅数百辆至数千辆 ,有的甚至几辆或几十辆。 2.我国专用汽车近期略 有价格优势 ,部分产品尚具竞争力。国内专用汽车主要品种 ,例如半挂车、冷藏车、混凝土泵车、高空作业车、部分油田用车和随车起重运输车等通过合资合作、引进技术或引进专用装置 ,已接近或部分达到国外先进水平 ,价格上具有与国外产品竞争的能力。对需求量较大的产品 ,如重、中型自卸车、厢式车、罐式运输车和作业车等 ,有较稳定的国内市场。 3.专用汽车服务领域广阔 ,市场前景明朗 ,不同时期有着不同的热点 ,而且可以出现多个热点并存的局面。以 2001年为例 ,由于国家加大了基础建设的投入 ,特别是加大了对中西部基础设施建设的投资 ,加上诸如 “ 西气东输 ” 、 “ 西电东送 ” 、 “ 南水北调 ” 、青藏铁路及国内几条高速公路建设等大型项目的启动 ,重型专用车火爆起来 ,同比增长了 84.5 %；与此同时 ,高速公路的发展使公路货运进一步专业化、集约化 , 各类厢式运输车、半挂牵引车和专用运输车的社会需求量有了很大提高 ,仅半挂牵引车 ,同比增长达 6 90%左右 ,成为专用车行业的一匹黑马。 4.市场呼唤专用性更强、技术含量更高的专用车产品 ,但市场供给能力不足。由于我国大部分专用车企业开发能力较弱 ,资金技术不足 ,因而出现了国内相当数量的专用车企业吃不饱 ,又有相当多专用车市场靠进口来填 补的局面。如重型专用车 ,国内生产 70余种 , 而市场需要 200个种类、 500个品种 ,国产车只能满足市场的 30%。此外 ,由于许多行业对专用汽车技术性能要求很高 ,国内产品一时很难达到要求 ,如机场专用汽车、高速公路维护管理专用车、高级医疗急救车等；又如运钞车国内市场容量很大 ,而国内企业的产品很少能达到 C级防弹要求。 5.专用汽车生产企业良莠不齐 ,市场管理难度较大。专用车行业多种机制并存 , 组织形式是多样化的。有国营的 ,民营的；有有限责任公司 , 也有股份有限公司；又分属不同行业管理 ,生产方式又以载货车底盘改装为主 ,市 场不规范 ,容易受到干扰。非法拼装和买卖产品合格证的现象在各地时有发生 ,严重干扰了专用汽车市场。专用汽车生产企业多 ,大多为中小企业 ,企业间的差异较大。根据对 530家改装企业 1999年产量的统计 ,产量 1000 辆以上的企业只有 47家 , 占 8.9%； 产量 100辆以下的企业却高达 229家 ,占43.2%。其中有 45家产量不足 10辆。近年来 , 政府加强了对专用汽车市场管理 ,加大整顿和打击力度 ,市场环境大有好转 ,逐步向正规化迈进。尽管我国专用汽车行业的发展成绩斐然 ,前景广阔 ,但是与国外专用汽车企业相比 ,仍然存在较大的差 异。 1.劳动生产率明显较低。 1999年我国专用车企业人均产量为 0.98辆 ,人均产值为11.13万元 ,人均利润为 0.015万元。而上述三项指标 ,日本早在 1990年就分别达到 12.5辆、37.5万元和 4.85万元。 2.产品技术水平相对落后。主要表现在 :（ 1） 质量利用系数低 ,同类型、同吨位车比国外重 20 % 30 %； （ 2） 专用功能满足度比国外同类产品落后 5 10 年； （ 3）人机工程应用不充分 , 适应性能不强 ,高技术采用较少； （ 4） 车辆的可靠性、密封性和耐久性较差 ,排放和噪声污染较为严重。 3.产品开发能力 差。我国专用汽车品种大多是通过仿制而来 ,少数高技术产品则是通过引进技术或参照国外产品做适度 “ 国产化改进 ” 而成 ,缺乏真正独立开发的创新产品。 4.国际竞争