《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》中黑人英语的语法特点研究 毕业论文

2013 届本科毕业论文（设计） 题 目 A Study of the Grammatical Features of Black English in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 哈克贝利费恩历险记中黑人英语的语法特点研究 专 业 名 称 学 号 学 生 姓 名 指导教师姓名（职称） 教务处制 二 一三 年 五 月 学 院 名 称 Contents Abstract . 1 摘 要 . 1 1. Introduction . 1 2. Literature review. 2 2.1 Study Abroad . 2 2.2 Study at Home . 3 3. A Short Introduction to Black English . 4 4. A Brief Introduction to Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn . 5 5. Analysis of the Grammatical Features of Black English in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn . 6 5.1 The Grammatical Characteristics of Finns speech. 7 5.1.1 Double Subject . 7 5.1.2 Using was in Past Tense in Any Person . 8 5. 1.3 Negation . 8 5.1.4 Misusing the Verbs Tense and Form . 9 5.1.5 Disagreement of Subject and Predicate Verb . 10 5.2 The Grammatical Characteristic of Jims Speech . 10 5.2.1 The Deletion of Verb be . 11 5.2.2 Using is as an Universal Verb in the Present Tense . 11 6. Conclusion . 12 References . 13 Acknowledgments . 14 作者简介 . 14 声 明 . 15 广西师范学院 2013 届本科毕业论文 1 A Study of the Grammatical Features of Black English in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Business English WEI Xiao-juan Abstract: As one of Americans first and foremost realist and humorists, Mark Twain was known for The True Father of American Literature. His masterpiece The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, become the one book from which, as Earnest Hemingway noted, All modern American literature comes. Plentiful Black English is used in the novel and it makes the novel a success. Black English is a variation of English. its sounds, form, grammar and vocabulary are different from the Standard English distinctly, and the typical characteristic is its grammatical features. This thesis presents in a descriptive way the definition and features of Black English, and analyzes the grammatical features of Black English in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Key words: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Black English, Grammatical Features. 哈克贝利费恩历险记中黑人英语的语法特点研究 商务英语 韦小娟 摘 要 哈克贝利费恩历险记是马克吐温的代表作 ,小说中大量运用了方言土语，最显著的是黑人英语 , 对于作品的成功起到了非常重要的作用。本文将通过分析小说哈克贝利费恩历险记人物的语言来探讨分析黑人英语的语法特点。全文分为六部分：第一部分介绍 ；第二部分是文献综述 ；第三部分引入黑人英语的 ；第四部分对小说作者和小说进行简要介绍 ；第五部分以小说中的实例重点概念研究黑人英语的语法特点 .最后对全文进行总结。全面了解小说中语言的特殊语法，将 有助 于正确和深入理解小说中特殊的语言。 关键词 哈克贝利费恩历险记 ；黑人英语 ；语法特点 . 1. Introduction Language and culture are mutually related, language is the carrier of culture, and different language reflects the different culture. With the development of economy and the improvement of social status, the public of the United States has gradually accepted African American and their culture. The earliest accepted by the mainstream culture in America is the soul music, such as Blues, Jazz. Furthermore, Hip-hop and R&B, two styles of soul music are famous all over the world in recent years. Hip-hops source is the American street black culture, which include street basketball, dance, graffiti, tattoos and clothing. These street cultures are very popular amount the young people all around the world and drive the population of Black English. At the same time, their literary works and movies are also very A Study of the Grammatical Features of Black English in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 2 prevailing. These works utilize Black English to express the life and culture of Afro-American. People in most countries are quite often educated in school to learn Standard English, including its pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar. On the contrary, in peoples life or in schools, Black English is comparatively less used. It has its own features because of its special history, so it is difficult for us to understand their works. Therefore, the author of this thesis will introduce the concept of Black English and analyze the grammatical features of Black English to help the readers or listeners to understand the relevant works better. Based on the motivation and purpose above, the author will take as a case a novel of Mark Twain in Black English, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, to explain the grammatical features of Black English by illustrating the speech of two main characters, Huck and Jim. Therefore, such a study can help people to know more about Black English and attract their attention. This thesis consists of six parts. The first part introduces the purpose and significance of this thesis, the structure of this paper as well. The second part expounds the researchers study on Black English at home and abroad. The third part introduces the concept of Black English, confirming that Black English is one of the varieties of American English, and gives a brief account of its features, which provides a theoretical basis for discussion in the subsequent parts. The fourth part is a brief introduction to Mark Twain and his novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The fifth part is the key part of the thesis, analyzes the grammatical features of Black English base on the examples in the novel. In the final part, there is a conclusion for the thesis. 2. Literature review 2.1 Study Abroad By retrieval of information, the author of this paper grasps that Black English is one of the most controversial linguistic topics in American history. Black English has aroused considerable attention of linguists since the1960s. Before the civil rights movement, peoples attitude towards the black community and Black English is dismissive. After the civil rights movement, the social status of the blacks gradually was improved. Especially in the 60s, African American national civil rights movement was surging forward. Black English received serious attention in the United States. 广西师范学院 2013 届本科毕业论文 3 In 1972, William Labov, the fmous linguist, published a book, Language in the Inner City: Studies in the Black English Vernacular. The book firmly establishes Black English not simply as slang but as a well formed set of rules of pronunciation and grammar capable of conveying complex logic and reasoning. He defined Black English as a variant of Standard English, and held the view that no matter it was ever changed, the core speech grammar rules of Black English are consisted with Standard English. In contrast, Dillard argued that Black English is a kind of Creole, and it predecessor was Pidgin English, which was used by West Africa in 16th century. Such Pidgin English retains the basic vocabulary and common structure in West African languages. Over time, the characteristics of English became more and more obvious, finally evolved into a Creole language. The Creole English, through long-term evolution, forms the current Black English, which is different from the white variant of Standard English. In one word, during the past decades, many academic achievements have been made abroad, and more and more linguists have been devoted to the study of Black English, which has become very popular in the academic world. Now, because of the previous studies, we can research the Black English easier than ever before. 2.2 Study at Home Domestic scholars researches on African American English can be traced back to late 1980s. Linguistics and Literature are two main topic of Black English they research. About Linguistics, there are still two controversial topics. One is the origin； the other is the features of Black English. About the origins of Black English, the earliest studies can date from the nineties of last century. There are two views on the origins of Black English. One is that Black English is a variety of American Standard English. For instance, WANG Yan-feng(2007) and TANG Wei(2009) put the information of Black English in the part “nonstandard”, which emphasizes the variety and supports Lobovs view (1972). However, JIN Yan and CAO Jin(2010) support Dillards view (1972), which is that Black English was evolved from the Creole. In 1998, they published the book, Afro-American And American Black English, which is the pioneer of the studies on Black English comparatively systematically. In 1995, Professor JIN Yan published the paper, Afro-Americans Social Status and American Black English, in this paper he pointed out: There are many views on the origin of African American English, which can be divided into two types. One view is that African American English is based on British English dialects； the other view is that African American English is evolved from the West African Creole, such as Dillard (1972). The paper agrees with the latter one. A Study of the Grammatical Features of Black English in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 4 The book, History of American English, which was written by Doctor CAI Chang-zhuo is necessary to read when studying on Black English. In the Chapter VI of his book, he pointed out: American Black English is the result of the special historical background and national integration of the Unite State； it has both effect of Africa language, and the characteristics of the United States Southern white language. (2002: 175) Meanwhile, it also has its own characteristics, this kind of language variety has fitted in some daily vocabulary, the pronunciation, and simple syntactic structures of American English. In addition, it might keep things, which brought from Africa. Therefore, we can say it is the community of the integration of language and ethnic differences. About the linguistic features of Black English, some people also give a concrete analysis, such as ZHOU Li-rue(2001), FAND Jiu-hua and XIONG Dun-li(2003), WENG Jin and YUAN Ming-zhong(2005), and ZHAO Qin-juan(2010). They focus on sounds, grammar, and vocabulary of Black English, those provide a theoretical basis for the analysis of linguistic features of Black English in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. About the application in novel, there are some researches, such as ZHANG Yu-hong(2009) and TANG Ying-sha(2010). They hold that Black English is a social indicator for the speaker, which not only conveys the contents of words, but also discloses some social information, and the language plays a significant role in characterization. This part reviews the studies on Black English, including both achievements in West and researches at home. From the parts above, it can be seen that the earlier scattered researches on Black English often focus on the origin and speech rules. 3. A Short Introduction to Black English In 16th century, many black slaves were from different tribes of Africa and they spoke different languages. In order to communicate with each other, they found a common language. But they couldnt pronounce in right way and the grammar rules of English were not unified, and their languages were influenced by their own dialect. Dillard pointed out that American Black English was developed from the Creole in his book Perspective on American English. (JIN Yan, 1995) In the United States, the term Black English first known to use was in 1968. The Websters New Collegiate Dictionary explained that Black English is a nonstandard variety of English spoken by some African Americanscalled also Black English Vernacular (1995: 182). Usually it referres to the everyday spoken varieties of English used by African Americans, especially of the working class in urban neighborhoods or rural communities, and 广西师范学院 2013 届本科毕业论文 5 Black English often impresses people as bad” or poor or uneducated one. In addition, Black English is short for BE, which has been called Negro English or Nonstandard Negro English or African American vernacular English. Compared with the Standard English, system of Black Englishs grammar is very special and it is hard to assimilate by American Standard English (DAI Wen-tian, 2003). Moreover, it is an error to suppose that all African Americans regardless of their background speak Black English. In fact, the English spoken by African Americans is highly varied as the English spoken by any other racial or ethnic group. Sometimes Black English is used to refer to other varieties of English spoken by Black people outside of the United States, as in the Caribbean and the United Kingdom. After the Civil War, the Black English set the position in the field of language, which had made a step forward to extend by some American scholars. However, the debates and the divergences are inevitable. The famous debate happened in educational circles about whether Black English should be taught in school. This fierce debate was straddled the 1970s. At last, it was brought to an end in The Detroit Court in 1979. At the end of the debate, a judge gave a concise and wonderful statement for this issue, he said, Many famous scholars and experts had investigated the existence of Black English, and turn out it is really exist in our life. Black English is a part of English, but it has obvious differences with the Standard English, which was used in all walks of life. At present, 80% Blacks use Black English in our country. It is based on Pidgin during the slavery period, after the use of one or two generations, it becomes Creole. (CAI Chang-zhuo, 1999) 4. A Brief Introduction to Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain was the pseudonym of Samuel Langhorne Clemens. He was born in the one-horse village of Florida, Missouri, in 1835. He rose to become a famous American realistic writer, lecturer and traveler before he died in 1910 and known as the True Father of American Literature. At the heart of Twains achievement is his creation of Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn, who embody the mystic American. Most of Mark Twains works are filled with humor. A droll sarcasm was often directed against worldly sham and pretense of any kind. In 1869, he published The Innocents Abroad, an account of a trip to Europe he made under the sponsorship of a newspaper. The book made him famous, and gave him a literary reputation in the east. His other famous works, like Roughing It, The Gilded Age, Life on the Mississippi, The Prince and the Pauper. His keen wit and incisive satire earned him praise from both critics and peers. American author A Study of the Grammatical Features of Black English in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 6 William Faulkner called Mark Twain the father of American literature. As Alexander J. Butrym said, Most of his success was due to a combination of indomitable drive, unceasing energy, and maximum use of his own talent. (1996: 1) At the age of 72, he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Literature by Oxford University. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn published in 1884 presents a vivid picture of American society in the 19th century. Even though the Emancipation Proclamation was issued by Abraham Lincoln in 1863 to end the slavery plantation system in the south of the U.S. the slaves had the equal right in law, because of the long-standing of racial discrimination, the white people still had deep-rooted prejudice toward the Negros, and the Negros were enslaved and killed. At that time, Mark Twain chose such a sensitive topic to write the novel in a humorous way, which brings a breath of fresh air to the American literature and society. The story took place along the Mississippi River on a raft, on both sides of which there was unpopulated wilderness and a dense forest. It was narrated by Huck, the motherly protection of Widow Douglas and her sister Miss Watson. His father kidnaps him and imprisons him in a lonely cabin. Huck escapes to Jacksons island where he meets Miss Watsons runway slave Jim. They begin their adventures along the Mississippi River. On the way, Huck tries his best to help Jim and increasingly changes his prejudice about Black people. At last, Jim was set free in Miss Watsons will and Huck decides to go on with his adventure for he does not want to have the so-called civilized life. 5. Analysis of the Grammatical Features of Black English in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a masterpiece on the American realistic literature in the late of 19 century. Finn tells the story himself, in the first person. Thus, Mark Twain had to put himself in the place of this thirteen-year-old son of the town drunkard. Mark Twain had to see life as Huck saw it. From the dialects of the characters speech, we can only remark that Mark Twain was a master at reproducing the speech of his day. The careful and consistent attention to details of speech is one of the many characteristics of this book that makes it worth serious and careful reading. As we can see from his Explanatory in the novel, In this book a number of dialects are used, to wit: the Missouri Negro dialect； the extremest form of the backwoods South Western dialect； the ordinary Pike-County dialect； and four modified varieties of this last. The shadings have not been in a haphazard fashion, or by guess-word； but painstakingly, and with the trustworthy guidance and support of personal familiarity with these several forms of speech. I make this 广西师范学院 2013 届本科毕业论文 7 explanation for the reason that without it many readers would suppose that all these characters were trying to talk alike and not succeeding. (Mark Twain, 2009: 1) The speech in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn initiated the new style of language in American novels, and has had significant influence upon American writers of later generations. As we all know, the language a person uses would influence by his social status, the education he gets, and the region where he lives. (Tang Yingsha, 2010) No matter which country one lives in, if he can get higher education, his speech will be much closer to the Standard English. On the contrary, if he has a poor education his speech is different from Standard English and maintain with its distinctive features. (DAI Wen-tian, 2003) The thesis focuses on the speech and narration of Finn and Jim, the two main characters of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Through the analysis of these cases, we can reveal the Black Englishs general grammatical features. 5.1 The Grammatical Characteristics of Finns speech Finn is the central figure of the novel, comes from the very lowest level of society. He is a motherless and homeless outcast with no education and his father is a poor drunkard. Then the Widow Douglas takes him for her son and wants to civilize him, but he dislikes civilized ways and finds with the old lady very hard to endure. He says, The Widow Douglas she took me for her son, and allowed she would civilize me； but it was rough living in the house all the time, considering how dismal regular and decent the widow was in all her ways； and so when I couldnt stand it no longer I lit out. I got into my old rags and my sugar-hogshead again, and was free and satisfied. (Mark Twain, 2009: 3) He desires to be free and escapes from the civilized world. Moreover, he does not like to study. As what he said, At first I hated the school, but by and by I got so I could stand it. Wherever I got uncommon tired I played hookey, and the hiding I got next day done me good and cheered me up. (Mark Twain, 2009: 29) Therefore, the language he uses is very different from the Standard English, and the features of his speeches are mainly expressed in the grammar. The comparatively typical grammatical features of Finns speech are introduced as follows: (All of the following examples are quoted from the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn) 5.1.1 Double Subject Double subject in Black English is also very special, but in Standard English, it just has one subject. In Black English, the structure of subject is noun+personal pronoun, but the noun and the personal pronoun refer to the same person or the same thing. Examples from Chapter I (from page 3-6): A Study of the Grammatical Features of Black English in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 8 1. Well, Judge Thatcher, he took it and put it out at interest, and it fetched us a dollar a day apiece, all the year round. 2. But Tom Sawyer, he hunted me up and said he was going to start a band of robbers. 3. The widow she cried over me, and called me a poor lost lamb, and she called me a lot of other names, too. 4. Miss Watson she kept pecking at me, and it got tiresome and lonesome. 5.1.2 Using was in Past Tense in Any Person In Standard English, the copular be have two forms in past tense (was or were) according to the subject. But in Black English, no matter what the subject is, the copular bes past tense only can be was(ZHENG Lu-qiu, 2009). For examples: 1. They talked it over, and they was going to rule me out. (Chapter II: 16) 2. I judged I could see that there was two Providences. (Chapter III: 22) 3. All the streets and lanes was just mud. (ChapterXXI: 261) 4. The nearer it got to noon that day, the thicker and thicker was the wagons and horses in the streets. (Chapter XXI: 262) 5. When we got to the house the street in front of it was packed, and the three girls was standing in the door. (ChapterXXV: 303). 6. The windows and dooryards was full. (ChapterXXV: 303) 7.didnt make no more noise than country dogs is(are) always doing(ChapterXXXIV: 433) 8. He said the witches was (were) pestering him awful these nights (Chapter XXXIV: 436) 5. 1.3 Negation American Black English has some unique negative way, more typical are: aint, and the use of double negation. In the American Black English, aint and Standard English in the havent have the same grammatical function. Sometimes, aint also can replace am not, are not, or is not. (WENG J in, YUAN Ming-zhong, 2005) For example: 1. There aint nothing to watch but the Texas and the pilot-house.(Chapter XII： 125) 2.Quick, Jim, it aint no time for fooling around and moaning.(Chapter XII : 131) 3. There aint no sense in it. (Chapter XIII : 140) 广西师范学院 2013 届本科毕业论文 9 4. You bet I aint! (ChapterXXXI: 391) 5.it aint likely theres two prisoners on such a little plantation. (Chapter XXXIV: 430) Double negative occurs when two forms of negation are used in the same sentence. In Standard English, the negatives are understood to cancel one another and produce a weakened affirmative to make a positive. However, in Black English, the second negative is used to strengthen the negation, so it still expresses a negative meaning. For example: 1. She put me in them new clothes again, and I couldnt do nothing but sweat and sweat, and feel all cramped up. (Chapter I: 3) 2. Well, I couldnt see no advantage in going where she was going, so I made up my mind I wouldnt try for it. (Chapter I: 5) 3. Then I set down in a chair by the window and tried to think of something cheerful, but it warnt no use. (Chapter I: 6) 4but I hadnt no confidence. (Chapter I: 7) 5. Jim was monstrous proud about it, and he got so he wouldnt hardly notice the other niggers. (Chapter II: 12) 6. Well, if thats the way Im agreed, but I dont take no stock in it.( Chapter II: 19) 7. that there wont be no place for the robbers(Chapter II: 19) 5.1.4 Misusing the Verbs Tense and Form Finn is a 13-year-old boy, and who has poor education. So in his speech, it is easy to find many non-standard uses of verbs, especially the past tense or the past participle of the irregular verbs. For instance: 1. I was glad I didnt drink whisky； but it wouldnt made (make) much difference, anyway(Chapter XXII: 13o) 2. Well, I catched (caught) my breath and most fainted. (Chapter XIII: 133) 3. I broke in and says :( Chapter XIII: 138) 4. It was the first time I ever see (saw) it growing.( Chapter XXXI: 387) 5. We begun (began) to come to trees with Spanish moos on them. (Chapter XXXI: 387) 6. First they done (did) a lecture on temperance； but they didnt make (Chapter XXXI: 387) 7. But there warnt (wasnt) no answer, and nobody come out of the wigwam. (Chapter XXXI: 390) A Study of the Grammatical Features of Black English in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 10 8. But I knowed (knew) I could tired him out at that.( Chapter XXXI: 403) 5.1.5 Disagreement of Subject and Predicate Verb Standard English varieties mark grammatical agreement between the subject and predicate in the present tense. If the subject is third person singular (he, she, it or the name of a person or object), the -s appears at the end of a regular verb. In Black English, the verb is rarely marked in this Way. When regular Verbs occur with -s marking， they often carry special emphasis. Standard English also has agreement in a number of irregular and frequently used verbs such as has and have, is and are and was and were. In Black English these distinctions are not always made 1. Away down there somewhere, I hears (hear) a small whoop, and up comes (come) my spirits. (Chapter XV: 152) 2. I couldnt tell nothing about voices in a fog, for nothing dont (doesnt) look natural nor sound (sounds) natural in a fog. (Chapter XV: 153) 3. I CREPT to their doors and listened； they was (were) snoring. (Chapter XXVII: 332) 4. So we stayed where we was (were). (ChapterXXXI: 389) 5. Why, de gracious sakes! do(does) he know you genlmen?(Chapter XXXIV: 437) 5.2 The Grammatical Characteristic of Jims Speech Jim, another important figure in this novel, Miss Watsons Negro slave, is one of Mark Twains most fully developed and original characters. He is representative of the slave class before the Civil War in 1861. He always thirsts for free life and wants to cast aside the bondage of slavery. On the escaping way, Huck helps him, and he looks after Huck. He is moral, realistic, and knowing in the ways of human nature. The injustices perpetrated by the institution of slavery are given deep expression in his pathos. Reading the novel, the reader can feel that Jims speeches are difficult to understand, because of his special pronunciation. For example, the first sentence he said in the novel:who dah? (Mark Twain, 2009: 9) In this sentence, dah is means to that. Since this thesis focus on the grammatical feature of the language they used, so the sounds of Black English would not be discussed here. Jim and Huck spoke in the same language, and then because of their different social status and the level of education, their speeches still have some differences, which will be analyzed as follow: (All the following examples quote from the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn) 广西师范学院 2013 届本科毕业论文 11 5.2.1 The Deletion of Verb be The usage of be is a typical feature of Jims language. The verb be is a necessary part of Standard English. While in Black English, the situation is different. If one action, thing or state does not happen frequently, the be in the sentence will be deleted. Examples: 1. You gwyne to have considable trouble in yo life,Sometimes you gwyne to git hurt, en sometimes you gwyne to git sick.(Chapter IV: 34) 2. en I hear old missus tell de wider she gwyne to sell me down to Orleans.(Chapter VIII: 81) 3. How you gwyne to git m? You cant(Chapter VIII: 84) 4. you didnt know by de sign dat you gwyne to be rich bymeby. (Chapter VIII: 86) 5. Den he caint git no situation. What he gwyne to do? (Chapter XIV: 148) 6. if dey gwyne to grab a young white genlmans propaty. (Chapter XVIII: 210) 7. Huck, does you reckn we gwyne to run across any mo kings on dis trip? (Chapter XX: 251) In these sentences, gwyne is equal to going, and all the above sentences use the phrase be going to do sth., but the verb be was deleted. Famous linguist William Labov researched a lot in the Black English and concluded that: all the be Which can appear in the forming of abbreviation can be deleted in Black English (1972). Actually, the usage of be is far more complex than this. 5.2.2 Using is as an Universal Verb in the Present Tense It is a truth universally acknowledged, that in the simple present tense the copula is just use in the third person singular (she, he, and it) in Standard English. However, in Black English, the copula is can be used in any person. 1. Ef yous got hairy arms en a hairy breas, its a sign dat yous agwyne to be rich. Well, deys some use in a sign like dat, kase its so fur ahead. You see, maybe yous got to be po a long time fust,(Chapter VIII: 86) 2. Yes； en Is rich now, come to look at it. I owns mysef, en Is wuth eight hundd dollars. (Chapter VIII: 89) According to the Standard English, the words in the above examples like, yous, deys, and Is, can be checked like, youre, theyre, and Im. Because Jims pronunciation is non-standard, so the pronunciation of th change to d, the word dey actually be they. Apart from the mentioned features, Jims speeches also have some other characteristics, which can be studied from the following sentences: 1. Maybe I better not tell. (ChapterVIII.p80) A Study of the Grammatical Features of Black English in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 12 = Maybe I had better not tell. 2. Please to dont tell (not to tell) nobody bout it sah, er ole Mars Silas hell scole me. (ChapterXXXIV.p438) = Please not to tell anybody about it, sir, or else Mrs. Silas he will scold me. 3. It uz planned beautiful, en it uz done beautiful. (ChapterXL.p505) = It was planned beautifully, and it would be done beautifully. 6. Conclusion Language is the dress of thought, culture is the main form of expression. Black English carries the connotation of African American culture. Mark Twain realized that Black English plays an important role in African American history, so he uses a large number of Black English in the novel to show the protagonists nationality, status and education degree. With this study, the author comes to the suggestion that a better understanding of the grammatical features of Black English can help readers to have a better understanding of the literary works so as to enhance their appreciation level of such kind of literary works. Meanwhile, because of some subjective reasons, the paper does not make a research on the sounds and vocabulary of Black English, which certainly will make the analysis less comprehensive. However, if the paper continues to these subjects, it will be very complex and difficult to research for a limited ability undergraduate. Whereas, this by no means suggests that they are of little importance. On the contrary, they are also the topics deserving much attention and further study. In the further study, we hope there will be more researches based on these two aspects of Black English in the field of literature, movie, or even musi