外文翻译--多功能组合机床

Multi-purpose aggregate machine-tool time Timothy and Jacobs, Denis A receives then then, outstanding Philip U.S.A. Michigan university Summary:The aggregate machine-tool machining center may cause the demand which the processing manufacturing industry adapts changes unceasingly, uses the pool of labor power effectively, and has the competitive power in global scales market. Key word: Make the lathe up Regarding the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, in the industrial field has many names to describe it, like “the multitasking installment”, “the multi-purpose engine beds”, “the multi-procedure production system” and so on, it may be called the processing domain truly the nova, may reduce the cost, the simplified disposition, and has maintained in the US territory produces. In the past only then used the duty which many machine operations could complete, now may concentrate to an engine bed on processes completes. As a result of market demands unceasing change, the product life cycle is reducing unceasingly, todays market more intense demand multitasking installment concept. Carries out the fine profit management when the entire production environment, compared to having not concentrated the components processing to a machine on completes a finer profit. Some traditions manufacturing industry manufacturer thought that the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools are too complex, very difficult to find the appropriate operators also the difficult problem innovates on the spot on the insufficiency for the metal working basic principle and in the Production workshop related new engine bed use solution aspect training. Intuition type technical control The equipment use “carries off the quantity of heat” the type design, has different material which the lathe bed, the steeliness straight line rolling guide, on the steeliness revolving tool box saddle, the equipment uses, all these combine make an engine bed together. These with the thermal conductivity, the volume expansion are related. All different sizes thing can by the different speed growth. As a result of this reason, needs to make the hot friendly engine bed, with the aim of knowing gives off heat the weak point in where, can compensate through the reasonable engine bed design. The part is the entire journey movement. The engine bed glide produces rubs and transform hotly. The machining produces the hot filings fall to the different place, the refrigerant can mix in the entire process in which. Will present the different temperature province continually on the cutting tool, will therefore also have many things to have the influence to the thermostability. The cutting tool technology turned the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools has had the milling and cutting power “the versatile machine”. According to the material introduced that the most remarkable characteristic is in these engine bed whole has the intuition. The anti-collision preservation technology was already mature, in certain circumstances, even if uses the manual operation pattern, can also avoid the occurrence which collides. Because the control software has the very good intuition, the user operation friendly degree unceasingly is also enhancing. Believe the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools by its survivability world-wide in the more different processing scenes. The off-line programming optimization and the NC automatic control systems formation already made this technology to be easier to accept, when therefore uses the procedure when the engine bed, does not need to spend many time tune-up procedure and confirmed that some part does not have the question. If components need to provide the high and low two revolving tool box saddle simultaneously to carry on the rough machining, in this kind of situation the programming is quite difficult, because it needs two revolving tool box saddles also to feed. The AdMac system may realize tool rests automatic programming which simultaneously feeds to these, and can cause the correct main axle speed, the correct feed rate and so on all parameters to realize the synchronization. Okuma Corporations collision avoidance system design based on actual processing operating mode anti-collision simulation, therefore, if the operator has installed the wrong cutting tool or has established the wrong parameter, the control system will examine and prevents the engine bed to enter the processing condition. Through cooperates with the Siemens, INDEX Corporation may provide the 3D pattern now “the hypothesized engine bed”, has custom-made according to some specific models engine bed. The result indicated that the simulation processes not only the fabricated parts and the actual end product is similar, is the one-to-one copy simply. The intuition type control interface, the simulation as well as other software technique are progressive, the more Production workshops have opened wide the front door to the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, but if does not have the corresponding knowledge to train and to solve the question creativity, the manufacturer is also very difficult to realize and the full use advanced engine bed flexibility aspect superiority. The work which does to the machine are more, the machine will be more complex, also needs to have the stronger skill person correspondingly to be able to operate it. If machinist past one day operated 3 engine beds, then he has this kind of multi-purpose engine bed now, might produce more components. More importantly, he may draw support from softwares help to cause the production efficiency to be higher, regarding transformation processing components preparation, may also establish the processing craft plan. Because the replacement components need to lower 3 main axles, therefore before replacing the components, the workshop should process as far as possible many components. Regarding the multi-purpose engine beds, the transformation components speed is quick, the production batch of time interval is shorter, the stock is lower, the production efficiency is higher. Can use multi-purpose engine beds some workshops fully, very quick will discover the post function the unification. Now, a workshop may only use an operator, an adjuster and a programming teacher, in the future these 3 work definitely may do by a person. In the traditional post description the machinist will transit becomes one to adjust engineer, if this engineer the familiar components processing programming, that were also more ideal. Regarding such transformation, training has been simple, so long as trains 1 individual line, but is not 3 individuals. Looking from the long views, this will provide to the people the higher post degree of satisfaction. When adjusts engineer to be responsible to process the programming, and pays attention to the components processing personally time the entire process, he completely has become this components control. In addition, but should also makes more effort in the cutting tool choice and the programming aspect, must make any model the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tool to succeed, the workshop needs to provide the skilled machinist, has ability and completes many kinds of operations nimbly. Therefore, crosswise training was at any time in the past more important. Regarded as the milling and the lathe work the different discipline the viewpoint never to return. Regarding the programmers, this belongs to their time. Regarding personnel who will program, will understand the engine bed and controls it, this will be their ability manifestation. The cutting tool will choose most people not to install the passenger vehicle tire to the race car on, but processed the cutting tool to have such situation. The cutting tool should match with the new engine bed, is conceivably redundant on the new engine bed uses the old cutting tool to the production efficiency influence. In order to match the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, the new cutting tool and the cutting tool adapter technology was already developed. At present the industrial field is developing the development the processing cutting tool, may complete the turning on the identical tool rest, boring and drills truncates the processing, is only processes the phase to differ from regarding the work piece angle. The processing operates the difference even confuses is unclear. The new processing cutting tool may complete the milling and the turning. Since has moved the technology (engine bed) is this century develops is extremely rapid and one of influence enormous science and technology. The modern automation technology is one kind of completely new productive forces, is one of direct creation public wealth principal means that is playing the enormous promotion effect to humanitys production activity and the material civilization. Therefore, the automated technology receives various countries widely to take seriously with more and more applications. As machine tool has a strong interchangeability, it is necessary to improve the general level of production technology components to improve the accuracy of parts. Complete specification, dynamic and static performance parameters of advanced. In the machinery manufacturing industry, accounting for about 70% of small and medium batch production, in some of the production enterprises, such as machine tools, valve industry, with its key process using combination of machine tools. The development of adjustable, quick transfer, assembly and flexible to adapt to the characteristics of multi-species processing machine tool is very urgent. Turret machine tool spindle box, can be combined for box-type machine tool spindle and automatic tool change CNC machine tool can be used for small batch production, but the complex structure of such machines, the cost is higher. The development of new tools. Improve the durability of the tool, greatly shorten the combination of machine tool downtime and more time for tool change and improve the economic benefits of the combined machine. To develop automatic detection technology. Automatically detect the size and bows and arrows, including the hardness of the blank check, drilling depth, cutting tools break, finishing size and geometry of the inspection, due to the rapid development of electronic components, integrated controller, microprocessor applications, is more automated detection technology reliable, and can be machined components control the actual size smaller than the prescribed tolerance range, but also the workpiece can be processed are grouped according to tolerance, so that by grouping tolerance assembly. The machinery automation (engine bed), mainly refers to the machine-building industry applies the automated technology, realizes the processing object continuously the automatic production, realizes the optimized effective automatic production process, the increase production investment processing transformation and the flow rate. The machinery automation technologys application and the development, are the machine-building industry technological transformations, the technology advancement principal means and the technological development main direction. Machinery automation technical standards, not only affects the entire machine-building industry the development, and has the very tremendous immediate influence to the national economy various departments technology advancement. Therefore, develops our countrys machine-building industry automation technology, conforms to our country socialism basic principle, conforms to our country modern production law of development. How to develop our countrys machinery automation technology (engine bed), here has the technical policy question, should be realistic, all embark from our countrys concrete national condition, do each foundation work, takes the Chinas road of machinery automation technological development. The domestic and foreign industry history tells us, realizes the machinery automation is from to high-level, from simply to complex, from is preliminarily imperfect the consummation the developing process. After machines operation uses the automatic regulator, the production method only then gradually transits from the mechanization to the mechanism control (tradition) automated, the numerical control automation, the computer control automation. Only then after having established the Automated factory, the production process can overall automate, can make the productivity to enhance comprehensively, achieves automated the high-level ideal stage. The machinery automation technology first starts from the 1920s in the machine manufacture cold finishing production in enormous quantities process to develop the application, after in the 60s, to adapt the market demand and the change, for the enhancement machine-building industry to the market nimble rapid reactions ability, starts to establish the variable automation production system, namely revolves the computer technology the flexible automation. It is in the manufacture system invariable or in the change small situation, the machinery equipment either production management process through the automatic detection, the information processing, the analysis judgment realizes the anticipated operation or some kind of process automatically, and can from make one kind of components to transform automatically to makes another kind of different components. The social practice proved that under this kind of definitions manufacture system automation and the contemporary majority enterprises are not actually accommodating. The contemporary society also not in the science and technology, the material and the personnel aspect prepares to realize this automated condition, insists such to do only meets the wasted effort. This kind of situation is not exceptional regarding the separate production methods machine-building industry, the difficulty can bigger. In the 80s internationally appeared started to use computer integration manufacture system CIMS (Computer Integrated Manufacturing), the flexible automation production pattern also had this kind of situation. The initial period take the information integration as a key point, take the high automaticity as the characteristic, but in realized in the process to encounter the difficulty. In view of the fact that realizes the large amount investment which the computer integration manufacture systems automation overall needs (an overall Automated factory to spend several hundred hundred million US dollars, flexible manufacture system regular price is 600 25,000,000 US dollars), undertakes the huge risk, in addition questions and so on technical difficulty and reliability, the world industrially advanced country started “to run into a wall produces a different product”, transfers pays great attention the information integration the effect, pursues low cost automation LCA (Low Cost Automation) enterprise organizational structure and movement way. The aggregate machine-tool future development more use transmissions and so on variable speed motor and ball bearing guide screw, will simplify structure, the reduction production metre； Uses the numerical control system and the headstock, the jig automatic replacement system, enhances the craft controllability； As well as integrates the flexible manufacture system and so on.Machine tool and general purpose machine tools and other special machine comparison, has the following characteristics: 1) The combination of machine tool parts and standard parts common about all the machine parts and components of the total 70 to 80%, so the design and manufacturing cycle is short, less investment, high efficiency, good economic results. 2) The combination of multi-machine tool processing, and high degree of automation, so tools than general-purpose high production efficiency, product quality and stability, low labor intensity. 3) General machine tool components are carefully designed and long-term production practice test, another batch manufacturing plant, so the structure stable, reliable, easy to use and maintenance. 4) When processing parts on a combination machine, the use of special fixtures, tools and guidance devices, processing quality assurance by the technology and equipment, less demanding on the operative level. 5) When the processing of product updates, the use of other types of special machine tools, its most of the pieces to be scrapped. Combination machine tool, its common parts and standard parts can be reused, do not be designed and manufactured. 6) machine tool automatic machine tool easily linked into line to meet the needs of large-scale production. Machine tool commonly used in general components are: body, base, column, power box, power slide, cutting a variety of first class technology. For some sequential processing by the multi-station machine tool, also has a movable table or rotary table. Power box, cutting head and a variety of technology is a combination of power sliding table cutting machine to complete the main campaign or feed movement of the power unit. Also managed to complete the cutting of which the main movement and feed movement of the power head. Body, column, the middle base is a combination of machine tools and other supporting components, play a machine based skeleton. Machine tool parts between rigidity and accuracy of preservation, mainly by these parts guarantee. 多功能组合机床美国密歇根大学 菲利普摘要：总的机床加工中心需求的变化，这可能会导致加工制造业不断变化，采用有效的劳动力集中，并在全球范围内提高市场竞争力。关键词：关于多功能组合机床组成机床工具在工业领域有许多名称来形容，类似“多任务处理装置”，“多功能引擎床”，“多步骤生产制度“等，它可被称为真正加工领域的新星，可降低成本，简化配置，因此美国只继续保留在境内生产。在过去，只有用多机操作才能完成的任务，现在可以集中过程，以一台机床完成。 于市场需求的不断变化，产 生 不断 ，市场竞争加 ， 的市场需要多任务 的 。 理的 ， 生产 境， 不集中的 加工 机 集中一 以完成。一 的制造业为多功能组合机床，工具过于，currency1“ 合的，fi要fl因 工作的本fl ，工，现场生产”关新，机床用的 等的。 制用“ ” ，不 的 ，床 ， 制 动导 的 制 的用， 有这 合在一台机床。 中，导 ” 的。 有不 大 的有不 的 度。 于这一fl因，需要 的 在 ，可以 过合理的 机床 中的 ，现机床。 程的 动。机床 动会产生激烈摩擦变形。加工生产的进程进 不 的阶段，可以混合制冷剂在 过程中，并且机床将提交一份关于刀具的不 温度承受范围，因此也有许多工都受 稳定的 。切削刀具 向多功能组合机床，它就成了具铣削切削功能的“多功能机床”。 据资 记载，这 机床最显著的特智能的。 于防碰撞保护已经成熟，在某 情况下，立即采用手动操作模，就可避免 生的冲突。 于 制软 有currency1好的及时，用户操作界也在不断完善。”信多功能组合机床将应用于世界各地制造业，在更多不 的加工场景中，离 编程优化数 全自动 制系的形成已经 这项更加易于接受， 以当用程时，机床并不需要花currency1多时调试 程，并能够确修改 没问题。如果组 需要提供高，低两 旋 拖具 时进 粗加工，在这种情况下的编程 ”当困的，因为它需要两 旋 拖具不断横向进给。系可以反馈AdMac刀架自动编程的 时并能给 有参数应正确的fi轴 度，进给，而且现了 步。大隈公司的防碰撞系 于际加工经防碰撞模拟，因此，如果公司已安装了错误的切削工具或建立了错误的参数， 制系将进 检查，防止机床进入加工。过与门子合作，INDEX公司可提供三维图 现显 ” 拟机床”,并已定制一 特定 的机床于程中。 果 ，模拟过程不 制作的 产 的际最 ”似的，而且 一一 的模拟 真。 制界， 真以及 软 的进步，更多的生产已经 向多功能组合机床加工， 如果机床生产没有”应的 现场突 问题的能力，制造也currency1 利用 进机床 的优 。机 的工作 多，机 将， 时也需要有 ”应能的 才能来操作。在过去，如果机 一 可以生产3台机床组 ， 现在 有这 一 多功能机床，可能会产生更多的组 。更 要的 ， 可以 ”关软 的，生产效更高， 加工过程简化，也可以确立加工工 。 于需要更3fi轴 ，因此在更，应处理currency1可能多的组 。 于多用引擎床 组 度“， 以生产的时 ，生产效 高。经过关于能fifl的用多功能组合机床的一 会的，大currency1“ 现各种功能 一的。过去一 可能要用一 操作，一 调 ，一 编程 ，现在这三 不 的工作完全可以 一 来 。”的工 中，机 将 一名工程 来当，如果工程 熟 的加工工，这将 更理的。于这种 变，将更加简”，就只有一 向而不 三 向。 来，这也将提高操作 的 度。当工程 在时，将会更加 加工的全过