大学英语四六级考试专题训练-汉译英技巧解析

1大学英语四六级考试专题训练大学英语四六级考试专题训练 (七七 )：汉译英技巧解析（编写：赵亦莹）大学英语四六级考试的最后一个阶段是翻译，5 分钟处理 5 个句子。四级阶段考生受词汇量和知识结构影响，基本缺乏双语翻译的训练和技巧，所以只是蜻蜓点水般地做一些知识点练习，题目并非中高级口译资格证书考试的考生所形容的：“翻译难，难于上青天。 ” 四级试卷上的翻译部分，说其简单无非有三。其一，考题只考查汉译英，没有英译汉。大学英语精读教材中，每课都有汉译英译句练习，应该是学生非常熟悉的题型。相比较，考研翻译中的长句英译汉则是令考生头疼的一大难题；其二，内容单纯，不需要专业理论知识。题目内容既没有高难度的新闻翻译、文学翻译，也不涉及科技经贸翻译中的专业知识，只是一般的短句翻译，没有大主题语境，也谈不上翻译的“信、达、雅”标准，四级程度学生可以 manageable。第三，名为翻译，实为补全句子，考查语法结构和词组运用知识。每句只涉及 15 个左右的英语词，需添入的部分也只有 3 到 8 个单词，其中隐含着四级水平考生应当掌握的句型、语法、词组知识点。 因此，只要我们研究掌握考试中的主要考察知识点，不难攻克这最后一关。下面我们先将简单介绍英语中的几种常用句型及其翻译法，然后着重讲解考试中重点句型的翻译方法和技巧，帮助大家掌握一些英语中的固定句型，最后会讲到复合句的翻译，并准备了大量的联系，供大家考前冲刺练习。Practice makes perfect!1. 常用简单句的翻译简单句有四种类型：陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句。我们学习翻译的时候，都是从简单句开始，循序渐进，再学习翻译长而难的复杂句。陈述句、疑问句和祈使句相信大家都已掌握，下面我们主要提醒一下平时练习中不常出现的感叹句。感叹句表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情，如：1）多好啊！2）好啊！3）多啊！4）真啊！感叹句句末常用“！” ，句首多用 how 和 what, 其余与陈述句结构相同。how 在感叹句中可修饰形容词、副词、谓语动词等2句型为：how+形容词/副词+陈述部分例如：他长得真高啊! How tall he is!我好想你啊！How I miss you! what 在感叹句中可修饰名词名词如果是单数可数，它的前面必须用 what a(n). 其他单数名词复数名词之前大多用 what.例如：多么好的机会！What an opportunity! (省略结构，句末省去 it is。)2. 常用重点句型翻译1. 是的多少倍 倍数+as+形容词+as例如 这个水库的面积是 5 年前的 2 倍。翻译 The reservoir is twice as big  as it was five years ago.2.比 多/少 多少倍 倍数词 +more+名词/ 形容词+than例如 吸烟对健康的危害极大，每年死于吸烟的人比死于意外事故的人多 5 倍。翻译 Smoking is so  harmful to health that it kills five times more people each year than accidents.3. 和（不）一样 (not) as /so as例如 环境问题没有他们在报告中说的那么严重。翻译 The environment problems are not as serious as  they suggested in the report.4. 与一样不 no more than例如 一个女学生固然不宜当经理，她也同样不适合。翻译 She is  no more fit to be a manager than a schoolgirl would be.5. 没有比更的；是最的 nothing is morethan例如 没有比接受教育等重要的事了。翻译 Nothing  is more important than to receive education.6. 感觉、听、看等起来 感官动词+of+名词例如 这款香水闻起来有百合的味道，所以很受年轻女性的欢迎。翻译 This perfume is very  popular among young ladies, as it smells of lilly.7. 甚至没有 without / not so much as例如 出于对丈夫的失望，玛丽离开了家，甚至都没有回头看她一眼。翻译 Disappointed with her husband, Jane left home without so much as looking  back at him.8. 不妨/还不如 may /might as  well例如 既然电影票都卖完了，我们不妨在附近散散步。翻译 Since the tickets  for the movie have been sold out, we may/might as well have a walk around.9. 太而不能；极其地 tooto例如 他们选择在地震多发地区定居，这可不是一个明智的决定。翻译 It was not too advisable  of them to settle in an area where earthquakes frequently occur.310. 结果却;没想到会 only to  find/discover/see例如 为了买那只据说能下金币的驴子，他几乎倾家荡产，没想到那驴子根本不会下。翻译 He spent all his money to buy the donkey which was said to be able to lay yellow boy, only to find it could not at all.11. 毫无疑问， It us undoubted  that/ There is no doubt that例如 毫无疑问，如果我们肯认真和谈，就能避免战争。翻译 There is not doubt that war  can be avoided if we get down to peace talk.12. 而不是 rather than例如 我们应该集中精力改善自我，而不是追求金钱的享乐。翻译 Rather than pursue money to achieve happiness, we should focus on the improvement of ourselves.13. 直到才 notuntil例如 直到获得有关当局的批准，我们才能发行那部电影。翻译 We cant release the  film until we have the approval from the authority concerned.14. 如此以至于 so/such () that例如 在谣言迅速散播的情况下，他们焦虑异常，无法入睡。翻译 With the rumor  spreading fast, their anxiety was such that they could not sleep.15. 突然想到 occur to sb.例如 灰姑娘从来没有想到她会成为一位王妃。翻译 It had never occurred to Cinderella she would become a princess someday.16. 不是而是 notbut例如 让我失望的是，这个计划带来的不是进步而使破坏。翻译 To  our disappointment, the plan caused not development but destruction.17.被认为是令所当然的 It is taken for granted that例如 多年来，人们一直认为女性作家务是理所当然的。翻译 It has been taken for granted that women should take  on all the housework.18. 据说 It is/was said that例如 据说人类是生物学上最难归类的物种，因为人类拥有其他天然物种所缺乏的特性。翻译 It is said that man is the least biologically determined species of all because he possesses feature absent in other natural species.19. 提及，当提到的时候 When it comes to 例如 谈到物理学，我一无所知。翻译 When it comes to physics, I know nothing.420. 是个不太好的/不是很好的 be not much of a例如  Mike 不是个很好的老师，因为它总是从一个话题跳到另一话题。翻译 Mike  is not much of a teacher for he often skip from one topic to another.21. 就而言，在看来 As far as sb. / sth. is concerned例如 在我看来，时尚是属于女性的。翻译 As far  as I am concerned, fashion belongs to women.22. 不但而且 not onlybut also例如 莎士比亚不但使一位伟大的剧作家，而且是一位才华横溢的诗人。翻译 Shakespeare is not only a great playwright but also a brilliant  poet.23. 既不也不；或者或者(n)either(n)or例如 他既不喜欢故事情节也不喜欢音乐背景，所以在电影院睡着了。翻译 Liking  neither the story nor the background music, he fell asleep in the cinema.24. 刚就 no sooner than; hardly/ scarcelywhen例如 我们刚坐到桌旁，电话就响了。翻译 No sooner had  we sat down at the table than the phone rang.We had hardly/scarcely sat down at the table, when the phone rang.25. 越越 the morethe more例如 一个国家的经济发展得越快，它的人口增长就越慢。翻译 The faster a countrys  economy develops, the slower its population grows.3. 复合句的翻译一 因果类复合句1. 因果句中文句型  因为 A, 所以 B; 既然 A，就 B。常用结构  because从句 because of 短语 so, so that, for that reason,  hence(1) 我昨天骑车时摔倒了，所以青一块、紫一块的。I fell off my bike yesterdayhence the bruises.(2) 因为我没发牢骚，人们就以为我心满意足了。Just because I do not complain people think I am satisfied.(3) 因为他妻子在长，我对此事只字未提。Because of his wife being there, I said nothing about it.2. 目的句中文句型  A, 以便 B;  A, 以免 B. 图的是 为的是  好常用结构 for, in order to (that), so as to, so that, so as not to, for fear(1) 他早早地动身以便按时到达。He left early in order that he would arrive on time.5(2) 我留了张条以便和他联系。I left a message so as to be sure of contacting him.(3) 我们轻声谈话，以免吵醒婴儿。We spoke in whisper for fear that we might wake the baby.3 假设句中文句型  如果 A，就 B常用结构  if, in the event, on condition that(1) 如果有必要，我六点来。If (it is) necessary, I will come at 6.(2) 万一发生火灾，就拉响警铃。In the event of fire, ring the alarm bell.(3) 如果凯文确实一直在外面，打电话找不着他是很正常的。If Kevin was out all day, then it makes sense that he couldnt answer the phone.4. 条件句中文句型  只要 A，才 B  只要 A，就 B常用结构  As long as, so long as(1) 只要及时告诉我，我就会合作。I will cooperate as ling as I am notified on time.(2)“只要我们对别的鱼药还不太了解，它们就都是诗。 ”（阿纳托尔 .布鲁瓦亚尔）“So long as we dont understand it too well, every other language us poetry.” (Anatole Broyard)二并列类复合句1 并列句中文句型  即又，不是就是，A, 就是说 B常用结构  As well as, and, or, eitheror(1) 编辑和校对者都在加班工作。The editor as well as the proofreaders are working overtime.(2) 要么我们现在走，要么我们永远在这呆下去。Either we go now or we remain here forever.(3) 你的回答是独树一帜就是错了。Your answer is either ingenious or wrong.2. 选择句中文句型  或者或者，要么要么，是还是，不是就是，与其不如常用结构  Or would rather dothan do, not onlybut also不仅他，而且我，都是学生。Not only he but also I am students.三转折类复合句61转折句中文句型  A, 但是 B, 却 不过常用结构  at the same time, however, nonetheless, but2. 让步句中文句型  虽然 A，但是 B; 即使 A,也 B; 宁可 A,也 B；无论 A,都 B常用结构  No matter what, even if/though, if, rather(1) 他是我的朋友，不过更确切地说，他曾经是我的朋友。Hes my friend, or rather he was my friend.(2) 我宁可死，也不愿意当奴隶。I had rather be dead than be a slave.(3) 他昨天半夜里，更确切地说，今天一清早才回到家。He got home later last night, or rather early this morning.3. 假言逆转句中文句型  A, 否则 B; 如果不；要不然；除非否则常用结构  Otherwise, if not抓住机会，否则你要后悔的。Seize the chance, otherwise you will regret it.结语 纵观往年四六级考试，我们不难发现考察重点除了重要词汇词组用法、固定搭配外，特殊句型（特别是倒状句，比较状语从句等） 、核心语法（虚拟语气、分词、不定式等）总是为出题者所青睐，试卷上出现频率也很高。所以，请同学们在复习中特别留意。希望以下练习对大家巩固常考语法点和重要词组用法有所帮助。7模拟练习(A)1I have had great deal of trouble_. (跟得上班上的其他同学) 2. _(我们没有人料到主席会出现)  at the party. We thought he was still in hospital.3. I dont mind your_(你延期做出决定) the decision as long as it is not too late.4. Most doctors recognize that medicine is as much_(是一门科学，也是一门艺术).5. Some women _(本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family. 6Over  a third of the population was estimated _(无法获得)  to the health service.7. Although punctual himself, the professor _(习惯了学生迟到) his lecture.8. The price of beer_(从 50 美分到 4 美元不等 ) per liter during the summer season.9. Wed like _(预订一张五个人的餐桌)  for dinner this evening.10. I suggested he _（使自己适应）his new conditions.(B)11. It may be necessary to stop _(不时地，间隔地) in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.12. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _(伤害自己).13.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was _(忙着准备) her examination.14. All the guests _ (都离开他房子后), he kicked off his shoes and threw himself into the couch.15. Why didnt you tell me you could lend me the money? I _ (本来不必从银行借钱的）16By the time you get to New York, I _(已经动身去) London.17. Buying clothes_(通常是一件很耗时的工作), because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her.18. Its time_(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.19. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon _(克服了这种心理).20. Not only_(他向我收费过高), but he didnt do a good repair job either.(C)21. There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone _(打扰我) 8that evening.22. _(正是由于她太没有经验) that she does not know how to deal with the situation.23. When I _(发现他骗我)  I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.24. The manager would rather his daughter _(不在一个办公室内工作).25. The sports meet originally due to be held last Friday _(最终因天气不好而取消了).26I _(将在做实验) from three to five this afternoon.27. How close parents are to their children _(有很强的影响) the character of the children.28. But for his help, I _(我不可能这么早完成).29. His remarks left me _(想知道他的真实目的).30. Mark often_(试图逃脱罚款 ) whenever he breaks traffic regulations.(D)31. I have no objection _（再听听你的故事）.32. The room is in a terrible mess; it _（肯定没打扫过）.33. This popular sports car _（正在生产出来） at the rate of a thousand a week.34. He wears a pair of sunglasses _（惟恐被别人认出来）.35. _(迟到的人 ) had to sit in the back of the classroom.36. If you wont agree to our plan, _ (他们也不会同意).37. I should say Henry is _(与其说是个作家不如说是)  as a reporter.38. _(信不信由你),  his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.39. If you dont like to swim, you _(不妨待在家里).40. Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you _ (弄脏了新地毯). (E)41. Frankly speaking, Id rather you _(不采取任何措施) about it for the time being.42. In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives _(起着不可缺少的作用) in raising  children.43. John seems a nice person. _(即使这样), I  dont trust him.44. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _(正在研制) and perfected now.45. What a lovely party! Its worth _(牢记一生 ).46Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not _(失去联系)  the outside world.47. Cancer is _(仅次于) heart disease as  a cause of death.948. It is a pity that we should stay at home when we have _(这么好的天气).49. I would _(不会诉诸) a court of law if I hadnt been so desperate.50. John cannot afford to go to the university, _(更不用说出国了).【参考答案】1. keeping up with the rest of the class.2. none of us expected the chairman to turn up3. delay making4. an art as it is a science5. could have made a good salary.6. to have no access7. was quite used to students being late for8. ranges/ varies from 50 cents to $49. to reserve/ book a table for five10. should adapt himself t