科技英语翻译

ENGLISH FOR Science and Technology,作业回顾词的翻译（续）英汉翻译体验,本讲内容,Translate the following passage into Chinese.In the 100 elements available to us, about three quarters can be classified as metals. And, about half of these are of at least some industrial or commercial importance. Metals, be they pure or alloy, can be further defined as being ferrous or nonferrous in make up. Ferrous alloys are those in which the base or primary metal is iron, manganese, chromium. All other metallic materials automatically fall into the non-ferrous category(范畴).,Assignments for 2nd week,复习本讲内容，参考教材第一章及第二章相关内容。预习第三章。,Assignments for 2nd week,Assignments for 2nd week,In the 100 elements available to us, about three quarters can be classified as metals.,在人类可获得的一百多种元素中，约四分之三可归为金属。US/weElements 词义选择Quarters 的意义及写法,Assignments for 2nd week,And, about half of these are of at least some industrial or commercial importance.,而这些金属中又大约有一半至少在工业或商业上具有一定的重要性/价值。Compare with并且，这些金属中又大约有一半至少具有工业和商业价值。And, theseAre of importance vs. important,Assignments for 2nd week,Metals, be they pure or alloy, can be further defined as being ferrous or nonferrous in make up.,所有的金属，不管是纯金属还是合金，都能根据成分进一步分成含铁/黑色金属或有色金属一致性。忠实：形式？ 意义？Make up语体特征,Assignments for 2nd week,Ferrous alloys are those in which the base or primary metal is iron, manganese, chromium.,含铁/黑色金属主要是以铁、锰、铬为主要成分的合金，后置定语的翻译；后置定语的形式,Assignments for 2nd week,All other metallic materials automatically fall into the non-ferrous category(范畴).,其余金属材料自然都属于有色金属的范畴。词义的选择：automaticallyFall into,在人类可获得的一百多种元素中，约四分之三是金属。而这些金属中又大约有一半至少在工业或商业上具有一定的重要性。所有的金属，不管是纯金属还是合金，都能根据成分进一步分成黑色金属或有色金属。黑色金属主要是以铁、锰、铬为主要成分的合金。其余金属材料自然都属于有色金属的范畴。,参考译文,词的翻译,词义的引申,技术性引申修辞性引申具体化引申抽象化引申,词类的转换,转为动词名词转为动词形容词转为动词副词转为动词介词转为动词,/link?url=so7jFz4PbHKxWxDwLB85Wd7PXYciPcMQ9Oe1d7gFV9nxq3cGNADpqtiD_-PKtzml6DlxboOaIMoWWIc_4O6oCoSxwR1vP23E6obSwQNxSDy,词的翻译,词类的转换,转为名词动词转为名词代词转为名词形容词转为名词副词转为名词,词类转换,转为形容词名词转为形容词副词转为形容词动词转为形容词,词的翻译,词类的转换,转为副词形容词转为副词动词转为副词名词转为副词,词的增译,增译名词增译动词增译副词增译代词增译量词增译表示名词复数的词增译时态词增译概括性的词增译连接词增译转折词,词的翻译,词的省略,省略冠词省略代词省略介词省略连词省略动词There be 句型中省略,词的重复,重复名词重复动词,when？how？无法从词典等工具书找到其直接、恰当、准确的释义。why?照搬词典里的某个释义，那么译文定会晦涩难懂，不符合汉语语言规范和翻译所要求的标准。可以结合上下文，根据语气、逻辑关系、 搭配习惯及全句的技术含义等方面的情况，在准确理解原文含义的基础上，按照汉语的表达习惯，对词义加以引申。,词义的引申(extend in meaning),技术性引申的目的主要是使译文中涉及科学技术概念的词语符合技术性语言规范。如：After the spring has been closed to its solid height, the compressive force is removed. 弹簧被压缩到并紧高度之后，就没有压力了。Compressionspringsaredesignedto createresistance toacompressiveforce.压缩弹簧的设计用于抵抗压缩力。Forgingis theprocessbywhichmetalisheatedandis shaped byplasticdeformationbysuitably applyingcompressive force.在锻造过程中先将金属加热，然后施加合适的压力使其塑性变形,技术性引申,1 .The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surface of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls.滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体的结合面和它滚动的滚道的变形。（技术性引申）(接触面，接合面，啮合面，啮合表面，配合面，交接面)Element: one part or feature of a whole system, plan, piece of work etc, especially one that is basic or important,practice,The best solution that science and medicine have come up with so far is the sleeping pill, which is another mixed blessing.迄今为止，科学和医学对此提出的最佳解决方案是安眠药片，但这也是既有利，又有弊。mixed blessingN.an event, situation, etc, having both advantages and disadvantages 有好处也有坏处的事物,修辞性引申,3 .The occurrences of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen.a small piece of thick rough material which covers part of a floor地垫；地席；蒲席Wipe your feet on the mat. 在地垫上蹭蹭你的鞋底大片大片漂浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧而死亡。（修辞引申）,practice,把原有的语句中含义较概括、抽象、笼统的词引申为意思较为具体的词，尤其是讲不定代词进行具体化引申，避免造成译文概念不清或不符合汉语表达习惯的情况出现。如：This suggests that matter can be converted into energy, and vice versa.这就是说物质可以转化为能量，能量也可以转化为物质。,具体化引申（general vs. specific）,The Curies believed that there was something in nature that gave out radiation.居里夫妇认为，自然界中有一种物质能放出辐射能。（具体化引申）,practice,有些词在英语中比较具体、形象，如果在译文中不需要强调它的具体名称或具体说明。汉译时，则可以把它抽象化或概括化，用比较抽象的或概括的语言来表达。如:Quantum chemistry is in its infancy.量子化学仍处于发展初期。,抽象化引申 concrete vs. abstract,10 .At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant.(steam power plant)食物，养料；原料-燃料目前，煤是火电厂最常用的能源。（抽象化引申）,practice,英翻汉体验句,Oxygen steelmaking processes are concerned mainly with the refining of a metallic charge consisting of hot metal (molten pig iron) and scrap through the use of high-purity oxygen to rapidly produce steel of the desired carbon content and temperature.,例句,Oxygen steelmaking processes are concerned mainly with the refining of a metallic charge consisting of hot metal (molten pig iron) and scrap through the use of high-purity oxygen to rapidly produce steel of the desired carbon content and temperature.词义的选择，句子结构的调整。,分析,氧气炼钢工艺主要涉及通过使用高纯度的氧气对以铁水（液态生铁）和废钢组成的金属炉料进行精炼，以便快速产生含碳量和温度合适的钢水。Oxygen steelmaking processes are concerned mainly with the refining of a metallic charge consisting of hot metal (molten pig iron) and scrap through the use of high-purity oxygen to rapidly produce steel of the desired carbon content and temperature.,译文,Some facilities lacking the space for local pits use slag ladles to transport the slag to remote pits.,例句,Some facilities lacking the space for local pits use slag ladles to transport the slag to remote pits.,分析,Some facilities lacking the space for local pits use slag ladles to transport the slag to remote pits.一些高炉附近没有渣池，就用罐车把熔渣运送到较远的渣池。,译文,A “mixer line” delivers a portion of the cold blast air to blend with the hot blast air to maintain a constant hot blast temperature to the furnace thr