[机械设计自动化精品] 机械式前置汽车变速器实验台设计 英文文献及翻译

毕业设计中英文翻译INTRODUCTIONTOMECHANICALDESIGN机械设计简介学生姓名学号0学院机械工程与自动化学院专业机械设计制造及其自动化指导教师2011年06月INTRODUCTIONTOMECHANICALDESIGNTHEDESIGNPROCESSAMACHINEISACOMBINATIONOFMECHANISMANDOTHERCOMPONENTSWHICHTRANSFORMS,TRANSMITS,ORUTILIZESENERGY,FORCE,ORMOTIONFORAUSEFULPURPOSEEXAMPLESAREENGINES,TURBINES,VEHICLE,HOISTS,PRINTINGPRESSES,WASHINGMACHINES,ANDMOVIECAMERASMANYOFTHEPRINCIPLEANDMETHODSOFDESIGNTHATAPPLYTOMACHINESALSOAPPLYTOMANUFACTUREDARTICLESTHATARENOTTRUEMACHINES,FROMHUBCAPSANDFILINGCABINETSTOINSTRUMENTSANDNUCLEARPRESSUREVESSELSTHETERM“MECHANICALDESIGN”ISUSEDINABROADERSENSETHAN“MECHANICALDESIGN”TOINCLUDETHEIRDESIGNFORSOMEAPPARATUS,THETHERMALANDFLUIDASPECTSTHATDETERMINETHEREQUIREMENTSOFHEAT,FLOWPATH,ANDVOLUMEARESEPARATELYCONSIDEREDHOWEVER,THEMOTIONANDSTRUCTURALASPECTSANDTHEPROVISIONSFORRETENTIONANDENCLOSUREARECONSIDERATIONSINMECHANICALDESIGNAPPLICATIONSOCCURINTHEFIELDOFMECHANICALENGINEERING,ANDINOTHERENGINEERINGFIELDSASWELL,ALLOFWHICHREQUIREMECHANICALDEVICES,SUCHASSWITCHES,CAMS,VALVES,VESSELS,ANDMIXERSDESIGNINGSTARTSWITHANEED,REALORIMAGINEDEXISTINGAPPARATUSMAYNEEDIMPROVEMENTSINDURABILITY,EFFICIENCY,WEIGHT,SPEED,ORCOSTNEWAPPARATUSMAYBENEEDEDTOPERFORMAFUNCTIONPREVIOUSLYDONEBYMEN,SUCHASCOMPUTATION,ASSEMBLY,ORSERVICINGWITHTHEOBJECTIVEWHOLLYORPARTLYDEFINED,THENEXTSTEPINDESIGNISTHECONCEPTIONOFMECHANISMSANDTHEIRARRANGEMENTSTHATWILLPERFORMTHENEEDEDFUNCTIONSFORTHIS,FREEHANDSKETCHINGISOFGREATVALVE,NOTONLYASRECORDOFONESTHOUGHTSANDASANAIDINDISCUSSIONWITHOTHERS,BUTPARTICULARLYFORCOMMUNICATIONWITHONESOWNMIND,ASASTIMULANTFORCREATIVEIDEASALSO,ABROADKNOWLEDGEOFCOMPONENTSISDESIRABLE,BECAUSEANEWMACHINEUSUALLYCONSISTSOFANEWARRANGEMENTORSUBSTITUTIONOFWELLKNOWNTYPESOFCOMPONENTS,PERHAPSWITHCHANGESINSIZEANDMATERIALEITHERDURINGORFOLLOWINGTHISCONCEPTUALPROCESS,ONEWILLMAKEQUICKORROUGHCALCULATIONSORANALYSESTODETERMINEGENERALSIZEANDFEASIBILITYWHENSOMEIDEAASTOTHEAMOUNTOFSPACETHATISNEEDEDORAVAILABLEHASBEENOBTAINED,TOSCALELAYOUTDRAWINGMAYBESTARTEDWHENTHEGENERALSHAPEANDAFEWDIMENSIONSOFTHESEVERALCOMPONENTSBECOMEAPPARENT,ANALYSISCANBEGININEARNESTTHEANALYSISWILLHAVEASITSOBJECTIVESATISFACTORYORSUPERIORPERFORMANCE,PLUSSAFETYANDDURABILITYWITHMINIMUMWEIGHT,ANDACOMPETITIVECOSTOPTIMUMPROPORTIONSANDDIMENSIONSWILLBESOUGHTFOREACHCRITICALLYLOADEDSECTION,TOGETHERWITHABALANCEBETWEENTHESTRENGTHSOFTHESEVERALCOMPONENTSMATERIALSANDTHEIRTREATMENTWILLBECHOSENTHESEIMPORTANTOBJECTIVESCANBEATTAINEDONLYBYANALYSISBASEDUPONTHEPRINCIPLESOFMECHANICS,SUCHASTHOSEOFSTATICSFORREACTIONSFORCESANDFORTHEOPTIMUMUTILIZATIONOFFRICTIONOFDYNAMICSFORINERTIA,ACCELERATION,ANDENERGYOFELASTICITYANDSTRENGTHOFMATERIALSFORSTRESSANDDEFLECTIONOFPHYSICALBEHAVIOROFMATERIALSANDOFFLUIDMECHANICSFORLUBRICATIONANDHYDRODYNAMICDRIVESTHEANALYSESMAYBEMADEBYTHESAMEENGINEERWHOCONCEIVEDTHEARRANGEMENTOFMECHANISMS,OR,INALARGECOMPANY,THEYMAYBEMADEBYASEPARATEANALYSISDIVISIONORRESEARCHGROUPASARESULTOFTHEANALYSES,NEWARRANGEMENTSANDNEWDIMENSIONSMAYBEREQUIREDDESIGNISREITERATIVEANDCOOPERATIVEPROCESS,WHETHERDONEFORMALLYORINFORMALLY,ANDTHEANALYSTCANCONTRIBUTETOPHASESOTHERTHANHISOWNFINALLY,ADESIGNBASEDUPONFUNCTIONANDRELIABILITYWILLBECOMPLETED,ANDAPROTOTYPEMAYBEBUILTIFITSTESTSARESATISFACTORY,ANDIFTHEDEVICEISTOBEPRODUCEDINQUANTITY,THEINITIALDESIGNWILLUNDERGOCERTAINMODIFICATIONSTHATENABLEITTOBEMANUFACTUREDINQUANTITYATALOWERCOSTDURINGSUBSEQUENTYEARSOFMANUFACTUREANDSERVICE,THEDESIGNISLIKELYTOUNDERGOCHANGESASNEWIDEASARECONCEIVEDORASFURTHERANALYSESBASEDUPONTESTSANDEXPERIENCEINDICATEALTERATIONSSALESAPPEAL,CUSTOMERSATISFACTION,ANDMANUFACTURINGCOSTAREALLRELATEDTODESIGN,ANDABILITYINDESIGNISINTIMATELYINVOLVEDINTHESUCCESSOFANENGINEERINGVENTURESOMERULEFORDESIGNINTHESECTIONITISSUGGESTEDTHAT,APPLIEDWITHACREATIVEATTITUDE,ANALYSESCANLEADTOIMPORTANTIMPROVEMENTSANDTOTHECONCEPTIONANDPERFECTIONOFALTERNATE,PERHAPSMOREFUNCTIONAL,ECONOMICAL,ANDDURABLEPRODUCTSTHECREATIVEPHASENEEDNOTBEANINITIALANDSEPARATEONEALTHOUGHHEMAYNOTBERESPONSIBLEFORTHEWHOLEDESIGN,ANANALYSTCANCONTRIBUTEMORETHANTHENUMERICALLYCORRECTANSWERTOAPROBLEMTHATHEISASKEDTOSOLVEMORETHANTHEVALUESOFSTRESS,DIMENSIONS,ORLIMITATIONSOFOPERATIONHECANTAKETHEBROADERVIEWTHATTHESPECIFICATIONSORTHEARRANGEMENTSMAYBEIMPROVEDSINCEHEWILLBECOMEFAMILIARWITHDEVICEANDITSCONDITIONSOFOPERATIONBEFOREORDURINGHIDANALYSIS,HEISINAGOODPOSITIONTOCONCEIVEOFALTERNATIVESITISBETTERTHATHESUGGESTACHANGEINSHAPETHATWILLELIMINATEAMOMENTORASTRESSCONCENTRATIONTHANTOALLOWCONSTRUCTIONOFAMECHANISMWITHHEAVYSECTIONSANDEXCESSIVEDYNAMICLOADSITISBETTERTHATHESCRAPHISFINEANALYSIS,RATHERTHANTHATHELATERSEETHEMECHANISMSCRAPPEDTOSTIMULATECREATIVETHOUGHT,THEFOLLOWINGRULESARESUGGESTEDFORTHEDESIGNERANDANALYSTTHEFIRSTSIXRULESAREPARTICULARLYAPPLICABLEFORTHEANALYST,ALTHOUGHHEMAYBECOMEINVOLVEDWITHALLTENRULES1APPLYINGENUITYTOUTILIZEDESIREDPHYSICALPROPERTIESANDTOCONTROLUNDESIREDONES2RECOGNIZEFUNCTIONALLOADSANDTHEIRSIGNIFICANCE3ANTICIPATEUNINTENTIONALLOADS4DEVISEMOREFAVORABLELOADINGCONDITIONS5PROVIDEFORFAVORABLESTRESSDISTRIBUTIONANDSTIFFNESSWITHMINIMUMWEIGHT6USEBASICEQUATIONSTOPROPORTIONANDOPTIMIZEDIMENSIONS7CHOOSEMATERIALSFORACOMBINATIONOFPROPERTIES8SELECTCAREFULLYBETWEENSTOCKANDINTEGRALCOMPONENTS9MODIFYAFUNCTIONALDESIGNTOFITTHEMANUFACTURINGPROCESSANDREDUCECOST10PROVIDEFORACCURATELOCATIONANDNONINTERFERENCEOFPARTSINASSEMBLYJOURNALOFBEIJINGINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY,1998,VOL7,NO2AUTOMATICCONTROLOFAUTOMOBILETRANSMISSIONPERFORMANCETESTSTANDABSTRACTAIMTOREALIZEAUTOMATICCONTROLOFAUTOMOBILETRANSMISSIONPERFORMANCETESTSTANDMETHODSTHEAUTOMATICCONTROLTECHNIQUEOFTHELUBRICANTTEMPERATURE,THEPROGRAMCONTROLLEDAUTOMATICSHIFTINGOFTHETRANSMISSION,THECONTINUOUSADJUSTINGOFREVOLUTIONSPEEDANDLOAD,DATAACQUISITIONANDDATAREALTIMEPROCESSINGWEREADOPTEDRESULTSTHELUBRICANTTEMPERATUREWASCONTROLLEDATTHESETTEMPERATURE2COTHEAUTOMATICSHIFTINGOFTHETRANSMISSIONISSIMPLE,RELIABLEANDACCURATETHEAUTOMATICADJUSTINGOFLOADANDROTATIONSPEEDISRAPIDANDACCURATE,THETORQUEDIVERGENCEISMN1,ANDTHEROTATIONSPEEDDIVERGENCEISMIN/5RCONCLUSIONTHEFOURKINDSOFTECHNIQUESAREAPPLIEDINTOTHEAUTOMOBILETRANSMISSIONPERFORMANCETESTSTANDSUCCESSFULLYTHEPROFOUNDSTUDYOFTESTANDTHEORYABOUTEVERYPARTOFAUTOMOBILEFORIMPROVINGTHEPERFORMANCESOFNATIONALPRODUCTSISOFVERYIMPORTANTMEANINGFORDEVELOPINGTHENATIONALAUTOMOBILEINDUSTRYGEARBOXISAKEYPARTOFAUTOMOBILETRANSMISSIONSYSTEMSITSPROPERTIESHAVEEFFECTSONTHEPERFORMANCEDIRECTLYTHEMAINPERFORMANCEPARAMETERSARETHETRANSMISSIONEFFICIENCY,THELUBRICANT,THENOISEANDSOONSOITISNECESSARYTODOTHEPERFORMANCETESTRAPIDLYANDACCURATELYINTHISPAPER,AUTOMATICCONTROLTECHNIQUESAREAPPLIEDTOTHEMULTIFUNCTIONTESTSTANDOFTHEAUTOMOBILETRANSMISSIONPERFORMANCELUBRICANTAUTOMATICCONSTANTTEMPERATURECONTROL,PROGRAMCONTROLLEDAUTOMATICSHIFTING,INFINITELYVARIABLEADJUSTINGROTATIONSPEEDANDLOAD,AUTOMATICACQUISITIONANDPROCESSINGOFTHETESTDATA,ANDAUTOMATICOUTPUTTINGTESTREPORTSANDCURVESAREFULFILLEDTHETESTCONDITIONS,ACCURACYANDSPEEDAREPROVIDEDSTRICTLY1AUTOMATICCONSTANTTEMPERATURECONTROLTECHNIQUETHELUBRICANTTEMPERATURESHOULDBECONTROLLEDSTRICTLYUNDERTHEPERFORMANCETESTINTHEWHOLEPROCESSOFTHETEST,THETEMPERATURESHOULDBEGUARANTEEDATTHESETTEMPERATURE2COOTHERWISE,THETESTOFTHEGEARBOXPERFORMANCEWOULDBEAFFECTEDINTHISPAPER,MIXINGCOOLOILANDHOTOILBYPIDAUTOMATICCONTROLTECHNIQUEISUSEDTOREALIZETHELUBRICANTCONSTANTTEMPERATURETHESYSTEMCONSISTSOFTHELUBRICANTFORCECIRCULATINGSYSTEMANDTHEPIDELECTRICAUTOMATICCONTROLWITHFEEDBACKSYSTEMFIG1SHOWSTHELUBRICANTFORCECIRCULATINGSYSTEMFIG2ILLUSTRATESTHEPIDELECTRICAUTOMATICCONTROLWITHFEEDBACKSYSTEMFIG1LUBRICANTFORCECIRCULATINGSYSTEM1MOTOR2OILPUMP3PRESSUREMANOMETER4DISCHARGEVALVE5SLIDEVALVE6FILTER7AUXILIARYOILTANK8STOPVALVE9COOLINGAPPARATUS10ELECTRICHEATERANDHOTOILTANK11THREEPORTELECTRICDRIVEVALVE12HYDRAULICTUBETHEPIDAUTOMATICCONTROLWITHFEEDBACKSYSTEMISUSEDTOCONTROLTHEMOTOROFTHETHREEPORTELECTRICADJUSTINGVALVEIFTHEFEEDBACKTEMPERATUREVALVEISLOWERTHANTHESETTEMPERATUREVALVE,THEVALVESMOTORWILLROTATECLOCKWISE,ANDTHENTHEHOTOILFLOWWILLRISEOTHERWISE,THEVALVESMOTORWILLROTATECOUNTERCLOCKWISE,ANDTHENTHECOOLOILFLOWWILLRISETHECOOLLUBRICANTCOMESFROMTHECOOLINGAPPARATUSTHEHOTLUBRICANTCOMESFROMTHEHOTLUBRICANTTANKWITHELECTRICHEATERSTHETEMPERATUREMETERMONITORSTHEBOXSOILTEMPERATURE,ANDPROVIDESTHEBASICSETNUMBERFORTHEPIDTEMPERATURECONTROLLERTHEAUXILIARYTEMPERATURECONTROLLERKEEPSTHETEMPERATUREOFTHEOILINTHEHOTLUBRICANTTANKINSOMERANGEOFTHEPIDSETTEMPERATUREFIG2PIDAUTOMATICCONTROLPRINCIPLEDIAGRAM1PIDTEMPERATURECONTROLLER2TEMPERATUREMETER3AUXILIARYTEMPERATURECONTROLLER4ELECTRICHEATER5HOTOILCASETEMPERATURETRANSDUCER6TRANSMISSIONOILTEMPERATURETRANSDUCER7FEEDBACKTEMPERATURETRANSDUCER8THEMOTOROFTHETHREEPORTELECTRICADJUSTINGVALVE2COMPUTERCONTROLSYSTEMFIG3ILLUSTRATESTHECOMPUTERAUTOMATICCONTROLFLOWCHATSYSTEMFUNCTIONSAREASFOLLOWS1MONITORINGPERFORMANCEPARAMETERSTHEINPUTROTATIONSPEEDANDTORQUE,THEOUTPUTROTATIONSPEEDANDTORQUE,THELUBRICANTTEMPERATURE,THEPOSITIONOFSHIFTING2ADJUSTINGMAINVARIABLEFREQUENCYMOTORSROTATIONSPEEDANDEDDYCURRENTELECTRODYNAMOMETERSLOAD3AUTOMATICSELECTINGSHIFTPOSITIONFIG3COMPUTERAUTOMATICCONTROLFLOWCHART21SHIFTINGCONTROLTHECYLINDERPOSITIONCRANKMECHANISMOFSHIFTINGANDPOSITIONINGCONTROLSTHESHIFTERLEVERSMOTIONPISTONSTROKEISCONTROLLEDBYMAGNETICSWITCHESSHIFTINGSTEPSARECOMPLETEDBY1OILWATERDIVIDINGFILTER2GASSOURCE3GASMANOMETER4,5,10,11MAGNETICSLIDEVALVE6ONEWAYVALVE7SHIFTINGCYLINDER8MAGNETICSWITCH9POSITIONINGCYLINDERFIG4SHIFTINGPNEUMATICSSYSTEMSCHEMATICDIAGRAM1,2,3,4SOLIDRELAY5,6,7,8SLIDEVALVEMAGNET9MAINCOMPUTER10COMPUTERONSLICE11POSITIONSWITCHFIG5SHIFTINGCONTROLELECTRICCIRCUITSCHEMATICDIAGRAMTHECOMPUTERONSLICETHESHIFTINGPNEUMATICSSYSTEMISSHOWNASFIG4THESHIFTINGCONTROLELECTRICCIRCUITDEMONSTRATINGCHARTISSHOWNASFIG5THECOMPUTERSENDSSHIFTINGCOMMANDSTOTHECOMPUTERONSLIDEFORSWITCHINGONCORRESPONDINGRELAYTOCONTROLTHEMAGNETICSLIDEVALVETHEDIFFERENTPNEUMATICSCIRCUITSARESWITCHEDONTOREALIZEDIFFERENTSHIFTINGANDPOSITIONINGMOTION22CONTROLLINGOFROTATIONSPEEDANDLOADTHEFREQUENCYOFCRYSTALOSCILLATORIS18432MHZTHEFIRSTGRADEDIVIDINGFREQUENCYTIMECONSTANTIS2THENTHEFREQUENCYDIVIDERSFREQ2UENCYIS9216KHZLATER,THESYSTEMCONTROLSOFTWARESETSSEQUENTIALTIMECONSTANTFORNEXTFREQUENCYDIVIDERTOGETSEQUENTIALVOLTAGETHERELATIONBETWEENTIMECONSTANTANDFREQUENCYISTIMECONSTANT9216FREQUENCYTHEAUTOMATICCONTROLLERSOFROTATIONSPEEDANDLOADHAVEVOLTAGEACCESSPORTSWITHCOMPUTERBYF/VTRANSDUCERCONTROLVOLTAGEISOBTAINEDCORRESPONDINGRELATIONSAMONGTHEINPUTFREQUENCY,THEOUTPUTVOLTAGE,THEMOTORROTATIONSPEEDANDTHEELECTRODYNAMOMETERMAGNETIZINGCURRENTAREASFOLLOWSINPUTFREQUENCY/KHZOUTPUTVOLTAGE/VMOTORROTATIONSPEEDR/MINELECTRODYNAMOMETERMAGNETIZINGCURRENT/A000055600053COMPUTERDATAREALACQUISITIONANDPROCESSING31DATAREALACQUISITIONTHESIGNALSOFTRANSDUCERSARECHANGEDINTOTHESAMESIGNALTHELINEARFREQUENCYSIGNALBYHIGHPRECISIONV/FANDI/FTRANSDUCERSBEFORETHEYTRANSMITTEDTOTHECOMPUTERTHENBY8253TIMECOUNTERANDCORRESPONDINGCALCULATIONS,THEVALVEOFTHETESTEDENGINEERINGVARIABLEISOBTAINEDCORRESPONDINGRELATIONISACN,AISTHEENGINEERINGVALVE,NISTHENUMBEROFPULSESOFTIMECOUNTER,ANDCISTHECALIBRATEDCOEFFICIENTOFTRANSDUCER32DATAREALTIMEPROCESSINGONTHEBASICOFORIGINALDATAACQUIREDFROMTRANSDUCERS,THEINPUTPOWER,THEOUTPUTPOWER,THERATIOANDTHEEFFICIENCYARECALCULATEDIMMEDIATELYATTHESAMETIME,THEEFFICIENCYCURVESARESHOWEDONTHECOMPUTERSCREEN4THECONSTRUCTIONOFTHETESTSTANDTHISPERFORMANCETESTSTANDISAPOWEROPENCIRCUITTESTSTAND,ANDCONSISTSOFTHEFRAME,THEELECTRICCONTROLSYSTEM,THECOMPUTERSYSTEM,THELUBRICANTAUTOMATICCONSTANTTEMPERATURESYSTEM,ANDTHEPROGRAMCONTROLLEDAUTOMATICSHIFTINGSYSTEMFIG6SHOWSTHEFRAMEOFTHETESTSTANDTHEPOWERSETISAHIGHROTATIONSPEEDFREQUENCYCHANGINGMOTOROF55KW,ANDABLETOREALIZEINFINITELYVARIABLESPEEDADJUSTINGFROM06000R/MIN,THUS,THETRANSMISSIONINPUTDOESNTNEEDASPEEDER,THENOISEOFTHETESTSTANDITSELFIDLOWEREDONALARGESCALETHELOADINGSETISANEDDYCURRENTELECTRODYNAMOMETEROF160KW,THEPOWERCOULDBEINPUTFROMONESIDEORDOUBLESIDES,SOASTOMEETTHEREQUIREMENTSOFTHETRANSMISSIONWITHADIFFERENTIALGEARORWITHOUTADIFFERENTIALGEARTHESYNCHRONOUSBELTISADOPTEDATTHETRANSMISSIONOUTPUTSIDE,THUS,THECONSTRUCTIONIDVERYSIMPLEANDTHENOISEISLOW155KWFREQUENCYCHANGINGMOTOR2INPUTTORQUE,ROTATIONSPEEDTRANSDUCER3TESTEDTRANSDUCER4OUTPUTTORQUE,ROTATIONSPEEDTRANSDUCER5SYNCHRONOUSBELT6160KWEDDYCURRENTELECTRODYNAMOMETER7LUBRICANTPUMPSTATION8SHIFTINGMECHANICALSYSTEMFIG6THECONSTRUCTIONOFTHETESTSTANDFRAME5THEEXAMPLEOFTHETESTTHEPERFORMANCETESTOFALTOTRANSMISSIONISDONEONTHETESTSTANDBYORIGINALDATAPROCESSING,THEEFFICIENCYCURVESARESHOWNASFIG7DURINGTHETESTPROCESS,MONITORPARAMETERSARECONTROLLEDINTHERANGEOFTHETESTSTAND,THEDATAAREASFOLLOWSFIG7EFFICIENCYCURVEINPUTROTATIONSPEED1000,2000,30005R/MININPUTTORQUE28,561NMLUBRICANTTEMPERATURE802CO6CONCLUSIONS1BYTHETECHNIQUEOFMIXINGTHECOOLANDTHEHOTOIL,THETRANSMISSIONLUBRICANTCONSTANTTEMPERATURECONTROLCOULDBEREALIZED2BYTHETECHNIQUEOFPROGRAMCONTROLAUTOMATICSHIFTING,ADJUSTINGROTATIONSPEEDANDLOAD,ANDDATAREALTIMEACQUISITIONANDPROCESSING,THEAUTOMOBILETRANSMISSIONPROPERTYTESTCOULDBECOMPLETEDAUTOMATICALLY3COMPUTERGIVESTESTREPORTANDCURVESREFERENCE1LUJFTRANSDUCERPORTANDTESTAPPARATUSCIRCUITINCHINABEIJINGBEIJINGINSTITUTEOFAEROTECHNICSPUBLISHINGHOUSE,1994机械设计简介设计过程机器是机构与其他零件的组合，为了有益的用途而转换，传递或利用能量，力或运动。实例有发动机，涡轮，车辆，卷扬机，印刷机，洗衣机和电影摄影机。许多适用于机器设计的G2419G10714和G7053G8873G1075适用于G993是G11507G8503机器的G2058G6116G2709，G1186轮G8598G11434和G7735G7708G8261G7600G2052G1214G15932和G7692G2399力G4493器。“机G7812设计”G17837G980G7427G16833G8616“机器设计”G7368为G5203G1053，G4439G2265G6336机器设计。而G4557于G7588G1135G1214器，G3926用G1209G11842G4462G9921，G8981动G13459G17347和G1319G12227的G9921力G1209G2462G8981G1319G7053G19766的G19394G20076G16213G2345G10432G13783G15397。G1306是，G3324机G7812设计G7114G16213G13783G15397运动和G13479构G7053G19766的G19394G20076G1209G2462G1457G4396和G4565G16025的G16280G4462。G3324机G7812G5049G12255G20058G3507G1209G2462其他G5049G12255G20058G3507G5224用机G7812设计，G18129G19668G16213G16844G3926G5332G1863，G1996轮，G19412G19388，G4493器和G6617G6304器G12573机G7812G16025G13634。设计G3999于G11507G8503的或G5831G16949的G19668G16213。G10628有的G1214器G2499能G19668G16213G3324G13796用G5627，G6940G10587，G18337量，G17907G5242或G6116G7424G990G2164G1209G6925G17839。G2499能G19668G16213G7044的G1214器G7481G4448G6116G1209G2081G11013G1166G1582的G2163能，G3926计G12651，G16025G18209或G1457G1871。G11458G7643G1852G18108或G18108G2010G3332G11842G4462G2530，设计的G991G980G8505G4613是构G5617能G3827G4448G6116G6164G19668G2163能的机构G2462其G5079G13634。为G8504，徒手画草图价值极大，G4439G993G1306作为G980个G1166G5831G8873的记录和其他G1166讨论的辅助手段，而且尤其适于与自己的G5831G8873交G8981作为创造G5627G5617G17347的兴奋剂。还G19668G16213有G1863G18108件的G5203泛知识，因为G980台G7044机器常常G11013熟知的各类零件G18337G7044安排或替换而G6116，G1075许G6925变了尺寸和材料。无论G3324构G5617过G12255中还是之G2530，G980个设计者G18129会G17839行快G17907或粗略的计G12651或G2010析G1209G11842G4462G980般尺寸和G2499行G5627。当G980G1135G1863于G6164G19668或G2499用空间量的G5831G8873G11842G4462G2530，G2499G1209按G8616例画草图。当几个零件的大致形状和几个尺寸出G7481G7114，G2010析G2499G1209G11507G8503G5332G3999了。G2010析的G11458的G3324于使其具有令G1166满意的或者优越的G5627能，G1209G2462G3324最小G18337量G991的安G1852G5627和G13796用G5627和有竞争力的G6116G7424。设计师将为每G980个G1863键的承载截G19766寻找最佳的G8616例和尺寸，G1209G2462几个零件强G5242的平衡。然G2530选择材料和处G10714G7053G8873。G17837G1135G18337G16213的G11458G7643只有通过基于机G7812G2419G10714的G2010析才G2499G1209得G2052，G3926G1863于反作用力和摩擦的最优利用的静力学G2419G10714；G1863于惯G5627，G2164G17907G5242和能量的动力学G2419G10714；G1863于G5224力和挠G5242的材料的弹G5627和强G5242G2419G10714；G1863于材料的物G10714行为G2419G10714；G1863于润滑和水力驱动的G8981G1319力学G2419G10714。G2010析G2499G1209G11013构G5617机G7812安排的同G980个G5049G12255师G7481G1582，或者G3324大公司里G11013G10432立的G2010析G18108G19388或研究组G7481G1582。G2010析的G13479果，G2499能G19668G16213G7044的安排和G7044的尺寸。G993管是G8503式G1582的或非G8503式G1582的，设计是G980个反复的和合作的过G12255G2010析G1166员G2499G1209G4557G6164有G19466段G17227作用而G993G1177G1177是他自己的G19466段。最G2530，G980G20045基于G2163能和G2499G19764G5627的设计G4448G6116了，G4613G2499G1209G2058造G7691机了。G3926果G8991G16809满意，而且G3926果G16025G13634G16213大量G10995G1147，G4613G16213G4557最G2033的设计G17839行G980G4462的G1474G6925G1209G11842G1457G1209G17751G1314的G6116G7424大量G10995G1147。G3324G19555G2530几G5192的G2058造和使用G7411间，设计有G2499能因构G5617了G7044G5831G8873或者基于G8991G16809和G13475G20576基G11796G990的G17839G980G8505G2010析G6164G7186G12046的G6925变而G6925变。G19156G2818G2572G5353力，G4470G6155满意G5242和G2058造G6116G7424G18129与设计有G1863，设计能力与G5049G12255G6249G17176的G6116G2163G4506G2011G11468G1863。一些设计准则G3324G17837G980G18108G2010，有G1166G5326G16770运用创造G5627的G5589G5242G17839行的G2010析，G17837G12193G2010析G2499G1209G5353G17227G18337大G6925G17839G1209G2462G4557G3803用G1147G2709的构G5617和G4448G2904，G1075许G1147G2709G2163能G7368多，G7368G13475G8994，G7368G13796用。创造G19466段无G19668是最G2033和G10432立的G19466段G15441然G2010析G1166员G2499能G5194G993G17139G17143G6984个设计，G1306是他G993G1177G1177是能G1186G6980G4395G990G6564出G16213他G16311G1927的G19394G20076的G8503G11842G12584G7708，G993G1177G1177是G13485出G5224力值，尺寸或者G5049作G19492G2058。他G2499G1209G6564出G7368G5203泛的G16277G16311，G1209G1427G6925G17839G16280G14551或G7053G7708G11013于G3324G2010析G2081或G2010析过G12255中，他会熟G5725G16025G13634G2462其G5049作G7477件，他G4613处于G980个构G5617G3803选G7053G7708的有利G1313G13634。最G3921他能G6564出G5326G16770G6925变形状G7481G9052G19512力G11709或G5224力G19610中，而G993是G1813许构G5326具有大截G19766和过多动G5589载G14667的机构。最G3921是他G6265G5235他的G13466致的设计而G993是G2530G7481G11487G2052的机G7812G6265G5235。为了G9620发创造G5627G5617G13512，G5326G16770设计G1166员和G2010析G1166员使用G1209G991G1946G2029。G20816G7477G1946G2029尤其适用于G2010析G1166员，G15441然他G2499能G9053G2462G2052G6164有G1783710G20045。1创造G5627G3332利用G6164G19668的物G10714G5627能G5194G6523G2058G993G19668G16213的。2G16760识实用载G14667G2462其G18337G16213G5627。3G20056选G13783G15397G8821有作用的载G14667。4发G7138G7368有利的G2164载G7477件。5G6564G1391最小G18337量的最有利的G5224力G2010G5079和G2030G5627。6用基G7424G7053G12255计G12651G8616例G5194使尺寸最优G2282。7选G2474材料G1209G14731得G5627能组合。8G3324G3803件和G19610G6116零件间G1192G13466选择。9G1474G6925G2163能设计G1209适G5224G10995G1147过G12255和G19489G1314G6116G7424。10G13783G15397G16025G18209中使G18108件G12946G11842G4462G1313和G1126G993G5190G6212。北京理工大学学报，1998，VOL7,NO2汽车变速器性能实验台自动控制G19426G9177G1008G20045G7136G1060G1923G8716G4396G708G2283G1152G10714G5049大学车辆G5049G12255学G19510，G2283G1152100081G709摘要目的实G10628G8785车变G17907器G5627能实G20576台自动G6523G2058。方法G18331用了润滑G8845G8845G9213自动G5670G9213G6523G2058G6228G7427，G5506机G6523G2058变G17907器自动换G7735，动力电机无G13435G16855G17907，G2164载电涡G8981G8991G2163机变载，G16809G20576G6980G6466的自动G18331G19610与实G7114处G10714G6228G7427。结果润滑G8845G8845G9213G6523G2058G3324设G4462G9213G52422G263；自动换G7735G12628G2345，G2499G19764，G1946G11842；无G13435G16855G17907G16855载快G17907G1946G11842。G2164载转G11709G157