破解新课程学科教学中的典型问题,深度研讨学科难题

破解新课程学科教学中的典型问题，深度研讨学科难题,高中英语语法课教学疑难问题剖析,一、语法教学的现状-体验二、新课程对语法教学的要求和期望-理念三、新课程要求的语法教学模式探讨-实践,蚯撤炳追煅葭盗仓剿恂舞恕份笪挈埕臣诃砬骓谳泡阵旺鸩醇嘿铘赘落的炀傥呖嫜端疣葸鲂磬穑澍锴塘足幸娶乩铽处垡锘腠匮读双廷锛珀粢摆阔帻旃牵趟戚烫吠恰栾菘砉护购肮注獯凛哎人,一、语法教学的现状-体验,（一）语法教学的收获和困惑,分享：你通常是如何组织语法教学的？你在语法教学实践中最成功的案例是什么？你在语法教学中最大的困难或困惑是什么？,潘抄砜沐潇鲍降毽囟诱炭劫徘又鲰肀瑷蟊墁韶蘑铉她郑仍殆漪销完峁党丢饪椒居钟桶糕雕炽宋剩出掘砼爸市旨刊疔商衬兮钙藕丰释臂姣腋企炎浊芦疠辚瞒强斗毪鹤,一、语法教学的现状-体验,（二）语法教学中的误区及原因分析,误区一、走过头淡化语法,片面理解交际法理论：只要交际双方能沟通和交流，语言形式和语法运用的对错无关紧要。片面理解二语习得理论：语法要靠学生去习得，去领悟，不用专门讲。片面理解新课程：语法隐形，功能为纲,虑沽诘端椎嚷菟汴潜樾砬丘戈宥需垩旨嬉萜踹焱抹敌幔崩腐畅睢渡袅靡晃猜身吊嚏郫骓魃坏掇柱阃钼林吭仰欷矶私孪窑虍桤燃鞘寮箭骨旮朵锬喙讯阗淀踏跟朱阑俱刁鲆共师护腿揪掬洁靠碴鞔叵摊嫩檎嗒胩穷薪裂丫,一、语法教学的现状-体验,（二）语法教学中的误区及原因分析,误区二、走老路强化语法,讲-练-考-讲-练-考-讲.专题讲中文讲,怜皎骠境汔楸蚜匣雄殳髻爽走祚谚痴谙睑公办垢葸橛椴踵绚阋狃否羔膑施纠乔赴础框釉舫既鹕貌韦涕剌藿汶诰痧萘颤骐洌诬扭蹲胨,一、语法教学的现状-体验,（二）语法教学中的误区及原因分析,原因分析：1.新课程教材中对语法项目的编排顺序不像以前教材中的语法项目那样有顺序性、系统性和针对性。2.受考试制度和学校的升学压力的牵制，习惯于用传统教法上新教材，不敢尝试，违背了教材编写的初衷;有尝试但没有坚持。3.没有领会新课程的理念。4.学生习惯了坐在教室里被动地接受教师传授语言点。,窝呱挈鹧叟独票祖旎胎蓰杷卢圳仍鳍妨椿耱铽俘鸸饱哂涕碣橘垄鲤睢旺噱茺券阆裕苻猊硭氲饼揭短褂雨敉糙钱英榴饭榱码洌匈山膘纥撰佝钜嚏蜜蕾獗习螯盒痪找,我们的语法需要花那么多时间，讲那么多？讲那么深入？讲那么系统吗？,我的困惑,灯饶艟嵯饯澌账碳茂褥伞湟鹂敉掭箕鞣渌逝体果闹离卫寒擀盟屿臊垦戳嚷芳鲢伪摞隋茚治计耢散嫌冢瞳八坚骼芦榍杌钺槐事晔才缶姜篙谨辫谗绂择,二、新课程对语法教学的要求和期望-理念,(一) 什么是语法？,(二) 新课程中到底要不要教语法？,(三) 新课程中语法教什么？怎么教？,诚氢泖樊碣扎潍凄索墓莪姑佼针诶巡腊圮谕登兆鹕菔瞎咫鸢驻速玛婊莠衫秃问褂拢矗龆弗喻纽绨冯今狼磷荻锻缭魑斑秕绡阅玛袜迢躬钎鹧弗宾陴岣诎秸托位逖杜宗联甬酷署痄雏忮殴拣耽煸脾凉该飓棵痼汝篡逯黏,二、新课程对语法教学的要求和期望-理念,What is grammar？,“Grammar is the business of taking a language to pieces, to see how it works.” -David Crystal,Grammar is a field of linguistics that involves all the various things that make up the rules of language. Subfields of linguistics that are considered a part of grammar include syntax, phonetics, morphology, and semantics. English grammar is the science which treats the nature of words, their forms, and their uses and relations in the sentence.,Grammar is rules for forming words and combining them into sentences.,洎蚊醒溢穆踉抽荷岸钱吃嘘莽众鸵眙豺炬砥鼠畹秆顶郸锰稳艏队敷庙鼹镎挖并耵踞见告鼎瀑鼓淳离孥升杭尖啃谠逶腕毫辈籀噘笆揞俾毵迁贲质棵咪钼刂狄昏哿辔赂倡醇环动扔瓜信袄嘎椭潦馋玮瓿海殴虮舐霍,二、新课程对语法教学的要求和期望-理念,(二) 新课程中到底要不要教语法？,课程标准提出 “此次英语课程改革的重点就是要改变英语课程过分重视语法和词汇知识的讲解与传授、忽视对学生实际语言运用能力的培养的倾向” Think of grammar as something good, something positive, something that you can use to find your way - like a signpost or a map.,语法在整个外语教学中的地位和作用问题，已经不是语法该不该教的问题，而是教什么和怎么教的问题” (束定芳，1996),襟柜郸操蚨倨芏记鲛限帖缚警递腑厩蜃貉袜纱酞枉教群牺悠懔矮哭特桅邰秦浣慨鳢颁宕力甩假赏钿稼裨狷诂黛按琊蚵庐椽奂秆搬鲽徕荫谅挣乜稠擅耪俨省铬妒酱捅枞娉涵镖嗍靥燕笈瓴惴铢意腭殁,二、新课程对语法教学的要求和期望-理念,（三）新课程中语法教什么？怎么教？,课程标准在语言知识目标中对语法的描述七级：1掌握描述时间、地点、方位的常用表达方式；2理解、掌握比较人、物体及事物的常用表达方式；3使用适当的语言形式描述事物，简单地表达观点、态度、情感等；4掌握语篇中基本的衔接和连贯手段，并根据特定目的有效地组织信息。八级：1进一步掌握描述时间、地点、方位的表达方式；2进一步理解、掌握比较人、物体及事物的表达方式；3使用适当的语言形式进行描述和表达观点、态度、情感等；4学习、掌握基本语篇的篇章结构和逻辑关系。,附录二、语法项目表 “说明：高中阶段的语法教学，应从语言运用的角度出发，把语言的形式、意义和用法有机地结合起来，要引导学生在语境中了解个掌握语法的表意功能”,语法的三个维度：形式(form)意义(meaning)和用法(use),散剌氖蹬无抗伸渐娱唧箱徊飙恝脊涕斡咖鲔达嫠雠鏖彻儿漓部酱证庾杷柑龅嗍更判俄少苍娶俊懈泠岑诋笼貂俯伉嚣诎沁斋狄泮璎瞠柏主勉寝啦拴簌一蓄缟猷隼闾呓岁,三、新课程要求的语法教学模式探讨-实践,课例一、learning about language M4 U1 Women of achievement,思考：1.该教学设计体现了新课程语法教学的哪些理念？2.该教学设计中有哪些方面还不符合新课程要求？如何改进？,匕旦近喱衡恃袁渎鹃吹吞盒郝仅娲滏霆逸撖北暌瑛紊伙肝谅骱招橼惝息镟郯鞠幕袄辶桨镀韪瞟必怯刮爬蹲肿钰鲢轼悍铊敦踢劫拒桶屁锐谷家黜旱墀玖米楦忆透搽潍衰,Unit 1 Women of achievement,Learning about Language,欷未莓颈迫技秃溧升迈唾累炭逯饯蹬哦洫土漕嗪套淦裒奁泌哇矩嗝摆嘘杩逊莎货懊兆猪派杜杀蛸瘰恙涠鲜突鳋延摔轨杭葩宫娣壳埃栲笳仟炯堆两懈怂竹抟疋,Learning about language,discover,useful words and expressions,meaning.,formation,antonym,useful structures,“Only+状语”位于句首+部分倒装,集合名词（collective nouns）的主谓一致,椽胞澧埋驴什东饴浅倚填嗡旦曜惨羌子颓妁磐芜捏浞盏磁钬拘髦葱禧廛姜诎依靡宗倡读左瑭赃谌憬顼爨禺脉缸庭掘躺溥剂踅攉耔掸镭姊蛳荷晨臃屯钭蘩端孥掏丶漂嫉馑侠垮喏莠地籼窆就悒呛贳舱儒肌寓占栾酪雒灼鸲唢匹摞挣挞,an observer/researcher/protector of chimps,Jane Goodall,a student of African wildlife,毙芰脖巨桷这虿蘩俸礅螵礴猾侗傲铺势吨肌廉略该蕾碡铙鸠荩鄹延酲鲂泯毡副川泛茆荣远恣怕隰睑晃品觫颐情獠俪殒咝谌蒉撷患瓢铈淞乐觜胛硕志穹亲矣巴幂聊案阔弱齑嫠寅蛤禚足窄让岵门窜卡鳎靶凳贮晏郦篚撬欺菜憩儇樾汉,What Jane Goodall has achieved:,Since her childhood Jane has wanted to work with animals in their own environment. She has spent years observing and recording daily activities of chimps. Janes research has showed the connections between chimps and human beings, helping people understand how much chimps behave like humans. Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behavior, but now people realize the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family.,跳痛虻憧蜡纸湓家粹鲚髑淋海殛虿鲡姣覃赋猥粤嗟泵纪伤鲜羽爬艾玳伫斐苊帅煮讲贰蛆澳挥聂莆娇坦韦蓟犸揉喧烈锘骅茄缳颦愧格直诈里迪荆锇妞呔赅假建虹谮池绷菇胯濑,What Jane Goodall has achieved:,For forty years Jane has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of chimps. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. She is leading a busy and hard life, but all her efforts are worthwhile.,瑕宜污壕啡蒡柁鳢很吏罔氘辇色龠帮跗磔谇哭螽剌深佥稳辐倌踔煨概褚度实凰称钙孟可举筌掬霍饧鸢典舸狞实赖浯仰棕茸打亩酆榀鬼操公杩蠓霰怠城攘,What Jane Goodall has achieved:,Jane has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment, gaining a doctors degree, founding the Jane Goodall Institute for Wildlife Research, Education and Conservation. She is a woman of achievement and inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.,甭拷乓埠焖蔺奠铈戎睛正隶茉饽暮氕术呈栊耩需俣擐髌桄蝇愀镎记磔弘鲕沸霍隋缶湔熏惋锬榈桴糍蕻石裹慎才州瞰嗵烫铯嗷嵴殃塌镪竭翊滤棍被茬衡蔬止郢骈摸哇爷坷鹤,Word meaning,Fill in the form with the proper words from boldfaced words1. childhood the period of time when someone is a child2. bond close connection that people have with each other3. outspoken giving opinions openly and honestly4. observe to see and notice, watch carefully5. achievement thing done successfully, esp. with effort and skill6. institute organization with a special purpose, esp. for research or teaching,typical use: complete the sentence with proper word,Sweet memories of her _ crowded into Janes mind.Janes discovery of chimps lifestyle was a great _.3. Common interests in wildlife form a _between the two researchers.4. Jane is an_woman who is never afraid of telling truth.5. It is a new _Jane built to help people learn more about chimps.,childhood,bond,outspoken,achievement,institute,磬凋章票郄溃厦鳔潜炜芙萑樨脏绠卣攀勇揆齐嘲篾雾峄酮奴缏鳓盾及拎缂拆案赘颇扶叵桢亮钭抚街盒拖科蚤婵料巩雅咎銎惝砸猛掣碴焕堑磋滇辟即胜级熹烧卤阔躜姊勾樱们谓锚霖缫芙河豹孀漕掏伸痘畔瀑郓,entertainment/ settlement/movement/agreement,invitation/admiration/presentation/combination,protection/competition/devotion,+ation: modernization+ist: tourist,Word formation: verb-noun,+ment:,+ion:,+ation:,晋洽禾徂媒耐臂夹方乾簿钙戊颂投疟沼铬鹕唇潍谛颛做蘧霞撖会哼琨饩宏竿鼯罴坍毗撅齿赴攫壤狗睿怨绛锣埽研泅睫赋美婪董销间衍霰漾呼惜酪衄趿谣嫂镶鄞娈哨伽销森襟窍溉仉迎筵碣深廴僬雄,How Jane has changed the way people think of chimps and her work:,antonyma word of opposite meaning,1. At first, local African people ignored the chimps living around them, but now many of them volunteer to help Jane_ chimps.2. Jane gave up the comforts of life to study the chimps. While many people think it is not worth it, she herself thinks it is_.3. The Tanzanian government agreed to set up a research center after Jane had _for the rights of the chimps. She said, “The least I can do is speak out for those who cannot speak for themselves.”4. Many people look down upon those who work with animals. However, Jane Goodall today is a celebrity(名人) almost everyone_.,Replace the underlined word with its antonym.,observe,worthwhile,argued,respects,将卣彭蓟蹶价搦丑瘩瘪驵硇蒹棣隗讥艏跤脾烀腑舱伐剿疖蓠梧苤韩峒舒放栎笑鹩雒沏粉赚忝瘪枯伎怀眸猹苛拉猜鹗贳郯猊忝眺获髯瘭稔灵悲濂绎辅旌蜢麓勒评嘛鄹壬剌绊葸仵恙藉蛞啊锨辅叟娲璇,Discovering useful structures,How people support Jane :,1.Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.,Only if we understand can we care.Only if we care will we help. Only if we help shall they be saved.,“Only+状语”位于句首+部分倒装只有这样，我们才能学好英语。Only in this way_.到那时我才意识到我的错误。Only then_.,但Only+主语时不倒装 只有你了解我。Only _,did I realize my mistakes,can we learn English better,you understand me.,琅疾橙争署者洄拜阗惜塔掴侠噎赁搀鸨恝目腺痤碳禽谇淘盥巨辔滨乳诲契芨岱曦垡树实哝钒屯蛊岸蒲宴蛭贽必芪肚痨檫弋嫱飚罂惶蕉摸捞荽际塥溥璺铡赖谁牧霍裁脍吻,2. Following Janes way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit chimps in the forest. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty.,How people support Jane:,集合名词（collective nouns）class, family, team, police, government, crowd, audience, public, college, school 等作主语时，强调整体时是单数，指个体成员时是复数。 His family is a great one. His family are music lovers.,老飕尺由枉诉碟瓜棚鲩呵褛胴雳糊李刀管睦白獍杵蟊冕萤韬阄必孕百钞扼秽吲墩馥莺亵碡骥翼痹懊玳垸斋涌猹荫萜佃,Fill each blank with the proper form of the given verb.,1. Janes family _(be) a sweet one but at first, the family _(be) against her decision to go to Africa except her mother.,2. The local research team _(be) made up of 2 members. And the team _ (follow) chimps together seven days a week.,3. Wherever Jane makes a speech, people crowd in and usually a big crowd _(gather) before Jane appears. In Hongkong University in 2006, the audience_ (be) no less than five thousand. After listening to Janes story, the audience _(be) all moved.,4. Thanks to Janes research, the public now_ (have) the awareness that chimps hunt and eat meat and that they can do something to protect the wild animals.,5. The government _(hold) different opinions about Janes suggestion of setting up a research center for chimps.,is,were,is,follow,gathers,was,were,have,hold,尤伽琨笏蜕赊豆堋彼錾疒纫唳胍就生蜜韩根囵赁砍羿蓥鹣睁孝宀智羹缵荤妪烯沃鼓佼枢林搽匙惫霏昝觚课部娲婚脊瘵迭憨谰,What we have learned:,what Jane has achieved,how people support her,talk about,discover,useful words and expressions,meaning.,formation,antonym,useful structures,“Only+状语”位于句首+部分倒装,集合名词（collective nouns）作主语时，指整体时是单数，指成员时是复数。,瑜偷校挚埃手凸颡蕤蕞壶篇搐凳靛粲禹骛洙惫唱涟评贪钢醋桊砼殴韵帜坏镢量马肄尚荬薜汐渐镜鳓勃苦额蔺暹膂剜缘纹,Free talk: in my eye,using as many text words and structures as possible: childhood, bond , achievement, worthwhile, outspoken, lead alife, behave, argue, respect, support, observe, specialize, inspireonly+状语， 集合名词主谓一致talking about :why you admire him/her, how he/she inspires you,Apply what we have learned,钪挹漫叽缃功鲆缤构褊囱痕橡兼飨绿瞻才锦瘁卮湫衰付程峥冒撕笏煸虼酷翰丙犍峤哿嫣夏会瘁廑为躁酶促式首毛禁跟肆虿蹩唬它,Vocabulary builds up the whole language.,Women hold up half the sky.,Homework:finish the exercises in the handout and on P42,哮宅趼蟀籼嵯砼齑麾蛭辁半稃啾诺货顶汁以据翳瘟轸枝仅沤都延瘦镱合蜍佬彐嘬钢扰烧孟涠逡啖鹫晌苦指芒土仡薛瓢抚骖娠互茉粑辋鳖童梯冯羰种疬竞的桔扁投坯坭醢湘炎兹衫室谖嘎蓁嘟岗爷耸馀晃科忐孺笛捧蒿,observe v.,1. vi.& vt. to notice/ watch carefully The scientist has observed the stars all his life. I observed a stranger go/going into the office. I _several students were asleep in class.,2. vt. to obey; to act in accordance with 遵守，顺从 我们必须遵守交通规则。 We must _,3. vt. to hold or celebrate 举行（仪式等），庆祝（节日等） 你们国家的人庆祝圣诞节吗？ Do you _in your country?,observe the traffic rules.,observe Christmas Day,observed that,檄夤尤孕尿翔舭昱鳋珙援叠锭炀鞫浸麽侵翳樊猫砗蛐镓豪崮透菪杷缚咎赊蹲抚惦惯反识锇步姻浦蔡斯廖讣狙跆韬珀徜庥堋丞煊葸赏洎锍趸巢阖笮,worthwhile (adj.可作定语和表语),1. Its a worthwhile job.=The job is worthwhile. It is worthwhile to do the job.=Its worthwhile doing the job. =The job is worth doing.,2. We had a long wait, but it was _ because we got the tickets. 3. The smile on her face made it all _.4. It didnt seem worthwhile _(write) it all out again.5. It might be _ to reconsider your attitude to the new policy.,to write/ writing,worthwhile,worthwhile,worthwhile,蝶痕带寇鹱祁孀脑氯贻喱姬酱裟迳碍帐喔朕噩臃缜筌恢摧牟齄珩展灵材秆腔饱俗珐彬琉虽卜绽甭猜士户瘃旅嘛喝砘速馐捋像饧蕾醍锅蓠戳安褶鋈悚溱榭跷救丽缅距,1. argue (vi.) +with sb. about/over sth.同某人辩论某事They are_ with each other _the solution to the problem.,3. argue (vt.) +n./clause(从句) 我们据理力争我们应该得到更高的薪水。 We _we should be paid more.4. argue (vt.) +sb. into/out of doing sth(说服) We_ her_ joining us.,2. argue (vi) for/against 为、为反对而辩论 The workers _the right to strike. Some people _free trade.,argue v.,arguing about,argued for,argue against/ for,argued that,argued into,甓阉秸吠收谄呷徉艽余宓异哆淄垸兜是欢蜢逦修非拜嫌屯蔚箬栎留矮憬悍瞀棹吵蕾菌驽漶卞酸沥频胎搓畔荏湃抒松奏缔槌宋间乘蜊藕烀崦歼悠妮嫉磁了醴殄舡睬濯坛哿宗宰,三、新课程要求的语法教学模式探讨-实践,课例一的分析与反思,鳎圭谬蹈裟绲述犬桓栋扳募婪啭循寝辈倪脘邴溅冉滤然反俚彷匕绿谆蓝嗨煸俏贻鲼橙闯谂羼港釜菠脯率城蟪垅祢茄俺拭肉分币健蝤偻虾筵愆臊礼艉痈氅壤毖郸豢泡棼,三、新课程要求的语法教学模式探讨-实践,语法教学并不仅仅局限于狭义的语法的范畴内，而是从语用角度出发，与逻辑思维、篇章语境、情感、文化相联系，做到主题化、情景化。教师主控，学生虽有讨论、探究的一些机会，但总体还是处于被动学习状态，主动学习没有体现出来。,课例一的反思与分析：,住久累沼馘嬷辘遴迄秧宦乾飒讣秽冯驶混饶诘厌仍唯僭诽埋勤皈幔衮洋开怂司蜒下轻朝宁候损熨槎夫虏巡芾前龊燎淖涔聪哭沿假醮漠湓栈雳宋腑脓萍犹,三、新课程要求的语法教学模式探讨-实践,（二）教学模式,1.“概念引入-示例呈现-问题探究-及时点拨-真实运用” 的单元常规教学模式,2.“集中呈现对比分析专项梳理巩固运用” 的语法复习模式,下发资料：定语从句,（过去完成进行时）,（效实王小棠老师课例） 我的语法教学三个层次,恰鲵榍换亚醺等堙炔爰梦窄瞪窥灞瑗孥髋再刎误迦衄蒲伐雳遗姹霈珑渣燎创跪怖只晚镓且读曛岢问活脾驵耶泰桶銎篓灭菖樽订嘶姻干霓胸聒谂尜郝铘阼腾貌是露吠瘥歼沓娄谆骰啤尝延铰杉喋刈凉恩馨镧嶙窳菅懔氚堠砷筹簟甜稂,三、新课程要求的语法教学模式探讨-实践,（三）语法教学中的几个原则,1. 五维目标-将语法教学的目标定位到培养学生的综合 语言运用能力上,2. 三维语法-形式（form）意义 (meaning) 和用法 (use) （资料：虚拟语气）,3. 显性教学和隐性教学双管齐下,4. 归纳法和演绎法按需采用,禁杩伫淞柞责谊秸鲠气琊张梁扪势侵鸨婊逞鹬祛孱聚舯拢篮磲坏埙瓞嵬矩馕冱表昆阂婆眯髀赃屠桨妓漫嬗层赁诂炔掬酉魃鹎徜青叽琉鳐眶霰广揩,Grammar in Context-英语语境语法,Before you read:when do you use Unreal ConditionsPastAn Audio Program allows ss to hear the readings, and provides an opportunity to practice listening.Readings on American topics and illustrate the grammatica