C语言程序设计课后习题答案谭浩强

第1章程序设计和C语言111什么是计算机程序112什么是计算机语言113C语言的发展及其特点314最简单的C语言程序5141最简单的C语言程序举例6142C语言程序的结构1015运行C程序的步骤与方法1216程序设计的任务1415INCLUDEINTMAINPRINTF“NN“PRINTF“VERYGOODNN“PRINTF“N“RETURN016INCLUDEINTMAININTA,B,C,MAXPRINTF“PLEASEINPUTA,B,CN“SCANF“D,D,D“,MAXAIFMAXINCLUDEINTMAINFLOATP,R,NR01N10PPOW1R,NPRINTF“PFN“,PRETURN0321INCLUDEINCLUDEINTMAINFLOATR5,R3,R2,R1,R0,P,P1,P2,P3,P4,P5P1000R500585R30054R200468R100414R000072P1P1R55/一次存5年期P2P12R213R3/先存2年期，到期后将本息再存3年期P3P13R312R2/先存3年期，到期后将本息再存2年期P4PPOW1R1,5/存1年期，到期后将本息存再存1年期，连续存5次P5PPOW1R0/4,45/存活期存款。活期利息每一季度结算一次PRINTF“P1FN“,P1/输出按第1方案得到的本息和PRINTF“P2FN“,P2/输出按第2方案得到的本息和PRINTF“P3FN“,P3/输出按第3方案得到的本息和PRINTF“P4FN“,P4/输出按第4方案得到的本息和PRINTF“P5FN“,P5/输出按第5方案得到的本息和RETURN0322INCLUDEINCLUDEINTMAINDOUBLER5,R3,R2,R1,R0,P,P1,P2,P3,P4,P5P1000R500585R30054R200468R100414R000072P1P1R55/一次存5年期P2P12R213R3/先存2年期，到期后将本息再存3年期P3P13R312R2/先存3年期，到期后将本息再存2年期P4PPOW1R1,5/存1年期，到期后将本息存再存1年期，连续存5次P5PPOW1R0/4,45/存活期存款。活期利息每一季度结算一次PRINTF“P1FN“,P1/输出按第1方案得到的本息和PRINTF“P2FN“,P2/输出按第2方案得到的本息和PRINTF“P3FN“,P3/输出按第3方案得到的本息和PRINTF“P4FN“,P4/输出按第4方案得到的本息和PRINTF“P5FN“,P5/输出按第5方案得到的本息和RETURN0323INCLUDEINCLUDEINTMAINFLOATR5,R3,R2,R1,R0,P,P1,P2,P3,P4,P5P1000R500585R30054R200468R100414R000072P1P1R55/一次存5年期P2P12R213R3/先存2年期，到期后将本息再存3年期P3P13R312R2/先存3年期，到期后将本息再存2年期P4PPOW1R1,5/存1年期，到期后将本息存再存1年期，连续存5次P5PPOW1R0/4,45/存活期存款。活期利息每一季度结算一次PRINTF“P1102FN“,P1/输出按第1方案得到的本息和PRINTF“P2102FN“,P2/输出按第2方案得到的本息和PRINTF“P3102FN“,P3/输出按第3方案得到的本息和PRINTF“P4102FN“,P4/输出按第4方案得到的本息和PRINTF“P5102FN“,P5/输出按第5方案得到的本息和RETURN033INCLUDEINCLUDEINTMAINFLOATD300000,P6000,R001,MMLOG10P/PDR/LOG101RPRINTF“M62FN“,MRETURN034INCLUDEINTMAININTC1,C2C1197C2198PRINTF“C1C,C2CN“,C1,C2PRINTF“C1D，C2DN“,C1,C2RETURN035INCLUDEINTMAININTA,BFLOATX,YCHARC1,C2SCANF“ADBD“,SCANF“FE“,SCANF“CC“,PRINTF“AD,BD,XF,YF,C1C,C2CN“,A,B,X,Y,C1,C2RETURN036INCLUDEINTMAINCHARC1C,C2H,C3I,C4N,C5AC1C14C2C24C3C34C4C44C5C54PRINTF“PASSWORISCCCCCN“,C1,C2,C3,C4,C5RETURN037INCLUDEINTMAINFLOATH,R,L,S,SQ,VQ,VZFLOATPI3141526PRINTF“请输入圆半径R，圆柱高H“SCANF“F,F“,/要求输入圆半径R和圆柱高HL2PIR/计算圆周长LSRRPI/计算圆面积SSQ4PIRR/计算圆球表面积SQVQ30/40PIRRR/计算圆球体积VQVZPIRRH/计算圆柱体积VZPRINTF“圆周长为L62FN“,LPRINTF“圆面积为S62FN“,SPRINTF“圆球表面积为SQ62FN“,SQPRINTF“圆球体积为V62FN“,VQPRINTF“圆柱体积为VZ62FN“,VZRETURN0381INCLUDEINTMAININTC1,C2/整型定义PRINTF“请输入两个整数C1,C2“SCANF“D,D“,PRINTF“按字符输出结果N“PRINTF“C,CN“,C1,C2PRINTF“按ASCII码输出结果为N“PRINTF“D,DN“,C1,C2RETURN0382INCLUDEINTMAINCHARC1,C2/定义字符型变量INTI1,I2/定义整型变量PRINTF“请输入两个字符C1,C2“SCANF“C,C“,I1C1/赋值给整型变量I2C2PRINTF“按字符输出结果N“PRINTF“C,CN“,I1,I2PRINTF“按整数输出结果N“PRINTF“D,DN“,C1,C2RETURN0383INCLUDEINTMAINCHARC1,C2/定义为字符型INTI1,I2/定义为整型PRINTF“请输入两个整数I1,I2“SCANF“D,D“,C1I1/将整数赋值给字符变量C2I2PRINTF“按字符输出结果N“PRINTF“C,CN“,C1,C2PRINTF“按整数输出结果N“PRINTF“D,DN“,C1,C2RETURN038INCLUDEINTMAINCHARC1,C2PRINTF“请输入两个字符C1,C2“C1GETCHARC2GETCHARPRINTF“用PUTCHAR语句输出结果为“PUTCHARC1PUTCHARC2PRINTF“N“PRINTF“用PRINTF语句输出结果为“PRINTF“CCN“,C1,C2RETURN0第4章选择结构程序设计8541选择结构和条件判断8542用IF语句实现选择结构87421用IF语句处理选择结构举例87422IF语句的一般形式8943关系运算符和关系表达式91431关系运算符及其优先次序91432关系表达式9244逻辑运算符和逻辑表达式92441逻辑运算符及其优先次序93442逻辑表达式94443逻辑型变量9645条件运算符和条件表达式9746选择结构的嵌套9947用SWITCH语句实现多分支选择结构10248选择结构程序综合举例105习题111441INCLUDEINTMAININTA,B,CPRINTF“请输入三个整数“SCANF“D,D,D“,IFAINTMAININTA,B,C,TEMP,MAXPRINTF“请输入三个整数“SCANF“D,D,D“,TEMPABAB/将A和B中的大者存入TEMP中/MAXTEMPCTEMPC/将A和B中的大者与C比较,取最大者/PRINTF“三个整数的最大数是DN“,MAXRETURN0452INCLUDEINCLUDEDEFINEM1000INTMAININTI,KPRINTF“请输入一个小于D的整数I“,MSCANF“D“,WHILEIMPRINTF“输入的数不符合要求，请重新输入一个小于D的整数I“,MSCANF“D“,KSQRTIPRINTF“D的平方根的整数部分是DN“,I,KRETURN045INCLUDEINCLUDEDEFINEM1000INTMAININTI,KPRINTF“请输入一个小于D的整数I“,MSCANF“D“,IFIMPRINTF“输入的数不符合要求，请重新输入一个小于D的整数I“,MSCANF“D“,KSQRTIPRINTF“D的平方根的整数部分是DN“,I,KRETURN046INCLUDEINTMAININTX,YPRINTF“输入X“SCANF“D“,IFX10/Y3X11PRINTF“XD,Y3X11DN“,X,YRETURN0471INCLUDEINTMAININTX,YPRINTF“ENTERX“SCANF“D“,Y1IFX0IFX0Y1ELSEY0PRINTF“XD,YDN“,X,YRETURN0472INCLUDEINTMAININTX,YPRINTF“PLEASEENTERX“SCANF“D“,Y0IFX0IFX0Y1ELSEY1PRINTF“XD,YDN“,X,YRETURN048INCLUDEINTMAINFLOATSCORECHARGRADEPRINTF“请输入学生成绩“SCANF“F“,WHILESCORE100|SCOREINCLUDEINTMAININTNUM,INDIV,TEN,HUNDRED,THOUSAND,TEN_THOUSAND,PLACE位,万位和位数PRINTF“请输入一个整数099999“SCANF“D“,IFNUM9999PLACE5ELSEIFNUM999PLACE4ELSEIFNUM99/分别代表个位,十位,百位,千PLACE3ELSEIFNUM9PLACE2ELSEPLACE1PRINTF“位数DN“,PLACEPRINTF“每位数字为“TEN_THOUSANDNUM/10000THOUSANDINTNUMTEN_THOUSAND10000/1000HUNDREDINTNUMTEN_THOUSAND10000THOUSAND1000/100TENINTNUMTEN_THOUSAND10000THOUSAND1000HUNDRED100/10INDIVINTNUMTEN_THOUSAND10000THOUSAND1000HUNDRED100TEN10SWITCHPLACECASE5PRINTF“D,D,D,D,D“,TEN_THOUSAND,THOUSAND,HUNDRED,TEN,INDIVPRINTF“N反序数字为“PRINTF“DDDDDN“,INDIV,TEN,HUNDRED,THOUSAND,TEN_THOUSANDBREAKCASE4PRINTF“D,D,D,D“,THOUSAND,HUNDRED,TEN,INDIVPRINTF“N反序数字为“PRINTF“DDDDN“,INDIV,TEN,HUNDRED,THOUSANDBREAKCASE3PRINTF“D,D,D“,HUNDRED,TEN,INDIVPRINTF“N反序数字为“PRINTF“DDDN“,INDIV,TEN,HUNDREDBREAKCASE2PRINTF“D,D“,TEN,INDIVPRINTF“N反序数字为“PRINTF“DDN“,INDIV,TENBREAKCASE1PRINTF“D“,INDIVPRINTF“N反序数字为“PRINTF“DN“,INDIVBREAKRETURN04101INCLUDEINTMAININTIDOUBLEBONUS,BON1,BON2,BON4,BON6,BON10BON110000001BON2BON11000000075BON4BON2100000005BON6BON4100000003BON10BON64000000015PRINTF“请输入利润I“SCANF“D“,IFIINTMAININTIDOUBLEBONUS,BON1,BON2,BON4,BON6,BON10INTBRANCHBON110000001BON2BON11000000075BON4BON2200000005BON6BON4200000003BON10BON64000000015PRINTF“请输入利润I“SCANF“D“,BRANCHI/100000IFBRANCH10BRANCH10SWITCHBRANCHCASE0BONUSI01BREAKCASE1BONUSBON1I1000000075BREAKCASE2CASE3BONUSBON2I200000005BREAKCASE4CASE5BONUSBON4I400000003BREAKCASE6CASE7CASE8CASE9BONUSBON6I6000000015BREAKCASE10BONUSBON10I1000000001PRINTF“奖金是102FN“,BONUSRETURN0411INCLUDEINTMAININTT,A,B,C,DPRINTF“请输入四个数“SCANF“D,D,D,D“,PRINTF“AD,BD,CD,DDN“,A,B,C,DIFABTAABBTIFACTAACCTIFADTAADDTIFBCTBBCCTIFBDTBBDDTIFCDTCCDDTPRINTF“排序结果如下N“PRINTF“DDDDN“,A,B,C,DRETURN0412INCLUDEINTMAININTH10FLOATX12,Y12,X22,Y22,X32,Y32,X42,Y42,X,Y,D1,D2,D3,D4PRINTF“请输入一个点X,Y“SCANF“F,F“,D1XX4XX4YY4YY4/求该点到各中心点距离/D2XX1XX1YY1YY1D3XX2XX2YY2YY2D4XX3XX3YY3YY3IFD11/判断该点是否在塔外/PRINTF“该点高度为DN“,HRETURN0第5章循环结构程序设计11451为什么需要循环控制11452用WHILE语句实现循环11553用DOWHILE语句实现循环11754用FOR语句实现循环12055循环的嵌套12456几种循环的比较12557改变循环执行的状态125571用BREAK语句提前终止循环126572用CONTINUE语句提前结束本次循环127573BREAK语句和CONTINUE语句的区别12858循环程序举例131习题14052INCLUDEINCLUDE/程序中用到数学函数FABS，应包含头文件MATHNINTMAININTSIGN1,COUNT0/SIGN用来表示数值的符号,COUNT用来统计循环次数DOUBLEPI00,N10,TERM10/PI开始代表多项式的值，最后代表的值,N代表分母，TERM代表当前项的值WHILEFABSTERM1E8/检查当前项TERM的绝对值是否大于或等于10的6次方PIPITERM/把当前项TERM累加到PI中NN2/N2是下一项的分母SIGNSIGN/SIGN代表符号，下一项的符号与上一项符号相反TERMSIGN/N/求出下一项的值TERMCOUNT/COUNT累加1PIPI4/多项式的和PI乘以4，才是的近似值PRINTF“PI108FN“,PI/输出的近似值PRINTF“COUNTDN“,COUNT/输出循环次数RETURN053INCLUDEINTMAININTP,R,N,M,TEMPPRINTF“请输入两个正整数N,M“SCANF“D,D,“,IFNINTMAINCHARCINTLETTERS0,SPACE0,DIGIT0,OTHER0PRINTF“请输入一行字符N“WHILECGETCHARNIFCAPRINTF“A,N“SCANF“D,D“,WHILEIINTMAINDOUBLES0,T1INTNFORN1NINTMAININTN1100,N250,N310DOUBLEK,S10,S20,S30FORK1KINTMAININTI,J,K,NPRINTF“PARCISSUSNUMBERSARE“FORN100NINTMAININTK1,K2,K3,K4,K5,K6,K7,K8,K9,K10INTI,A,N,SFORA2A1PRINTF“D,D“,K1,K2/N1表示A至少有2个因子/IFN2PRINTF“,D“,K3/N2表示至少有3个因子，故应再输出一个因子/IFN3PRINTF“,D“,K4/N3表示至少有4个因子，故应再输出一个因子/IFN4PRINTF“,D“,K5/以下类似/IFN5PRINTF“,D“,K6IFN6PRINTF“,D“,K7IFN7PRINTF“,D“,K8IFN8PRINTF“,D“,K9IFN9PRINTF“,D“,K10PRINTF“N“RETURN0592INCLUDEINTMAININTM,S,IFORM2MINTMAININTI,N20DOUBLEA2,B1,S0,TFORI1IINTMAINDOUBLESN100,HNSN/2INTNFORN2NINTMAININTDAY,X1,X2DAY9X21WHILEDAY0X1X212/第1天的桃子数是第2天桃子数加1后的2倍/X2X1DAYPRINTF“TOTALDN“,X1RETURN0513INCLUDEINCLUDEINTMAINFLOATA,X0,X1PRINTF“ENTERAPOSITIVENUMBER“SCANF“F“,X0A/2X1X0A/X0/2DOX0X1X1X0A/X0/2WHILEFABSX0X11E5PRINTF“THESQUAREROOTOF52FIS85FN“,A,X1RETURN0514INCLUDEINCLUDEINTMAINDOUBLEX1,X0,F,F1X115DOX0X1F2X04X03X06F16X08X03X1X0F/F1WHILEFABSX1X01E5PRINTF“THEROOTOFEQUATIONIS52FN“,X1RETURN0515INCLUDEINCLUDEINTMAINFLOATX0,X1,X2,FX0,FX1,FX2DOPRINTF“ENTERX1SCANF“F,F“,FX1X12X14X136FX2X22X24X236WHILEFX1FX20DOX0X1X2/2FX0X02X04X036IFFX0FX11E5PRINTF“X62FN“,X0RETURN0516INCLUDEINTMAININTI,J,KFORI0IINTMAINCHARI,J,K/是A的对手J是B的对手K是C的对手/FORIXIINCLUDEINTMAININTI,J,N,A101FORI1IINTMAININTI,J,MIN,TEMP,A11PRINTF“ENTERDATAN“FORI1IAJMINJTEMPAIAIAMINAMINTEMPPRINTF“NTHESORTEDNUMBERSN“FORI1IINTMAININTA33,SUM0INTI,JPRINTF“ENTERDATAN“FORI0IINTMAININTA111,4,6,9,13,16,19,28,40,100INTTEMP1,TEMP2,NUMBER,END,I,JPRINTF“ARRAYAN“FORI0IENDA10NUMBERELSEFORI0INUMBERTEMP1AIAINUMBERFORJI1JDEFINEN5INTMAININTAN,I,TEMPPRINTF“ENTERARRAYAN“FORI0IDEFINEN10INTMAININTI,J,ANNFORI0IINTMAININTA1515,I,J,K,P,NP1WHILEP1PRINTF“ENTERNN115“SCANF“D“,IFN0JJ1ELSEIFINJ1IFAIJ0AIJKELSEII2JJ1AIJKFORI1IDEFINEN4DEFINEM5/数组为4行5列/INTMAININTI,J,K,ANM,MAX,MAXJ,FLAGPRINTF“PLEASEINPUTMATRIXN“FORI0IMAXMAXAIJ/将本行的最大数存放在MAX中/MAXJJ/将最大数所在的列号存放在MAXJ中/FLAG1/先假设是鞍点，以FLAG为1代表/FORK0KAKMAXJ/将最大数和其同列元素相比/FLAG0/如果MAX不是同列最小，表示不是鞍点令FLAG1为0/CONTINUEIFFLAG/如果FLAG1为1表示是鞍点/PRINTF“ADDDN“,I,MAXJ,MAX/输出鞍点的值和所在行列号/BREAKIFFLAG/如果FLAG为0表示鞍点不存在/PRINTF“ITISNOTEXISTN“RETURN069INCLUDEDEFINEN15INTMAININTI,NUMBER,TOP,BOTT,MID,LOCA,AN,FLAG1,SIGNCHARCPRINTF“ENTERDATAN“SCANF“D“,I1WHILEIAI1IELSEPRINTF“ENTERTHISDATAAGAINN“PRINTF“N“FORI0IAN1/要查的数不在查找区间内LOCA1/表示找不到WHILESIGNCHARTEXT380UPPLOWDIGSPAOTH0FORI0IAINTI,J,KCHARSPACEFORI0IINTMAININTJ,NCHARCH80,TRAN80PRINTF“INPUTCIPHERCODE“GETSCHPRINTF“NCIPHERCODES“,CHJ0WHILECHJ0IFCHJACHARCH80PRINTF“INPUTCIPHERCODEN“GETSCHPRINTF“NCIPHERCODESN“,CHJ0WHILECHJ0IFCHJAINTI0,J0PRINTF“INPUTSTRING1“SCANF“S“,S1PRINTF“INPUTSTRING2“SCANF“S“,S2WHILES1I0IWHILES2J0S1IS2JS1I0PRINTF“NTHENEWSTRINGISSN“,S1RETURN0614INCLUDEINTMAININTI,RESUCHARS1100,S2100PRINTF“INPUTSTRING1“GETSS1PRINTF“NINPUTSTRING2“GETSS2I0WHILES1IS2IIFS1I0ELSERESUS1IS2IPRINTF“NRESULTDN“,RESURETURN0615INCLUDEINCLUDEINTMAINCHARS180,S280INTIPRINTF“INPUTS2“SCANF“S“,S2FORI0IINTMAININTHCFINT,INTINTLCDINT,INT,INTINTU,V,H,LSCANF“D,D“,HHCFU,VPRINTF“HCFDN“,HLLCDU,V,HPRINTF“LCDDN“,LRETURN0INTHCFINTU,INTVINTT,RIFVUTUUVVTWHILERUV0UVVRRETURNVINTLCDINTU,INTV,INTHRETURNUV/H712INCLUDEINTHCF,LCDINTMAINVOIDHCFINT,INTVOIDLCDINT,INTINTU,VSCANF“D,D“,HCFU,VLCDU,VPRINTF“HCFDN“,HCFPRINTF“LCDDN“,LCDRETURN0VOIDHCFINTU,INTVINTT,RIFVUTUUVVTWHILERUV0UVVRHCFVVOIDLCDINTU,INTVLCDUV/HCF72INCLUDEINCLUDEFLOATX1,X2,DISC,P,QINTMAINVOIDGREATER_THAN_ZEROFLOAT,FLOATVOIDEQUAL_TO_ZEROFLOAT,FLOATVOIDSMALLER_THAN_ZEROFLOAT,FLOATFLOATA,B,CPRINTF“INPUTA,B,C“SCANF“F,F,F“,PRINTF“EQUATION52FXX52FX52F0N“,A,B,CDISCBB4ACPRINTF“ROOTN“IFDISC0GREATER_THAN_ZEROA,BPRINTF“X1FTTX2FN“,X1,X2ELSEIFDISC0EQUAL_TO_ZEROA,BPRINTF“X1FTTX2FN“,X1,X2ELSESMALLER_THAN_ZEROA,BPRINTF“X1FFITX2FFIN“,P,Q,P,QRETURN0VOIDGREATER_THAN_ZEROFLOATA,FLOATBX1BSQRTDISC/2AX2BSQRTDISC/2AVOIDEQUAL_TO_ZEROFLOATA,FLOATBX1X2B/2AVOIDSMALLER_THAN_ZEROFLOATA,FLOATBPB/2AQSQRTDISC/2A