2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析第一套完整版

2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析（第一套完整版）PARTIWRITING30MINUTESDIRECTIONSSUPPOSEYOUAREASKEDTOGIVEADVICEONWHETHERTOATTENDAVOCATIONALCOLLEGEORAUNIVERSITY,WRITEANESSAYTOSTATEYOUROPINIONYOUAREREQUIREDTOWRITEATLEAST150WORDSBUTNOMORETHAN200WORDS【参考范文】WHETHERTOATTENDAVOCATIONALCOLLEGEORAUNIVERSITYITSANUNDISPUTABLETRUTHTHATVIRTUALLYALLHIGHSCHOOLGRADUATESWILLENCOUNTERTHECHOICESBETWEENAVOCATIONALCOLLEGEANDAUNIVERSITYANDWHENITCOMESTOTHISQUESTION,STUDENTSIDEASARENOTCUTFROMTHESAMECLOTHINPOINTOFWHICHTOCHOOSEANDWHATTOBETAKENINTOCONSIDERATION,MYADVICESAREASFOLLOWINTHEFIRSTPLACE,WESHOULDBECONSCIOUSOFTHEFACTTHATBOTHOFTHETWOCHOICESHAVEITSOWNSUPERIORITIESFORINSTANCE,AVOCATIONALCOLLEGESPECIALIZESINCULTIVATINGHUMANRESOURCESWITHPRACTICALCAPABILITIESWHILEAUNIVERSITYSERVESASTHECRADLEOFACADEMICRESEARCHERSINDIFFERENTFIELDSTHENITDOESFOLLOWTHATHIGHSCHOOLGRADUATESSHOULDHAVEACLEARPICTUREOFTHEMSELVESTHATISTOSAY,THEYSHOULDKNOWTHEIRMERITSANDDEMERITSANDTHEIRCHOICESMUSTGIVEPLAYTOTHEIRSTRENGTHSWHILSTCIRCUMVENTWEAKNESSESINADDITION,INTERESTISTHEBESTTEACHERANDITSALSOTHEPREMISEOFLEARNINGONONESOWNINITIATIVETHUSINTERESTMUSTBETAKENINTOACCOUNTBECAUSEITCANNOTONLYDECIDEHOWFARONECANREACHACADEMICALLYANDPROFESSIONALLYBUTALSOHOWHAPPYANDFULFILLEDONEWILLBEINBRIEF,ALLABOVEJUSTGOESTOSHOWTHATTHEREREALLYISNOONESIZEFITSALLANSWERFORTHEQUESTIONTHEKEYLIESINACLEARCOGNITION,ACCURATESELFPOSITIONINGANDTHEINTERESTOFONESELFONLYTHENCANEVERYONEFINDARIGHTPATHTHATWORKSBESTFORUSPARTIILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION30MINUTESSECTIONADIRECTIONSINTHISSECTION,YOUWILLHEARTWOLONGCONVERSATIONSATTHEENDOFEACHCONVERSATION,YOUWILLHEARFOURQUESTIONSBOTHTHECONVERSATIONANDTHEQUESTIONSWILLBESPOKENONLYONCEAFTERYOUHEARAQUESTION,YOUMUSTCHOOSETHEBESTANSWERFROMTHEFOURCHOICESMARKEDA,B,CANDDTHENMARKTHECORRESPONDINGLETTERONANSWERSHEET1WITHASINGLELINETHROUGHTHECENTREQUESTIONS1TO4AREBASEDONTHECONVERSATIONYOUHAVEJUSTHEARD1AHEWOULDFEELINSULTEDBHEWOULDFEELVERYSADCHEWOULDBEEMBARRASSEDDHEWOULDBEDISAPPOINTED【答案】A【解析】题目问如果男士在二手书店中发现了自己写的书，那么男士会感觉怎样。男士说到如果他在二手书店发现了自己的书，他会认为这是种侮辱。因此选A。2ATHEYAREWORTHYOFAPRIZEBTHEYAREOFLITTLEVALUECTHEYMAKEGOODREADINGDTHEYNEEDIMPROVEMENT【答案】B【解析】题目问男士的妻子认为他的书怎么样。男士说到他最新的一本书是在2004年写的，当时在写的时候给他妻子看了一小部分。妻子认为他写的内容是垃圾。这表明他的妻子认为他写的书毫无价值。因此选B。3AHESELDOMWRITESABOOKSTRAIGHTTHROUGHBHEWRITESSEVERALBOOKSSIMULTANEOUSLYCHEDRAWSONHISREALLIFEEXPERIENCESDHEOFTENTURNSTOHISWIFEFORHELP【答案】A【解析】题目问当男士在写作的时候，他通常会做什么。在对话中，女士问男士他那本被埋葬的巨人为什么被搁置了那么久，显然是过了十年才把这本书写好。男士回答他写书通常都是写写停停，写到一半就会搁置几年时间再继续写。男士的言外之意是，他很少会一口气把一本书写完。因此选A。4AWRITINGABOOKISJUSTLIKEWATCHINGAFOOTBALLMATCHBWRITERSACTUALLYWORKEVERYBITASHARDASFOOTBALLERSCHELIKESWATCHINGAFOOTBALLMATCHAFTERFINISHINGABOOKDUNLIKEAFOOTBALLMATCH,THEREISNOENDTOWRITINGABOOKQUESTIONS5TO8AREBASEDONTHECONVERSATIONYOUHAVEJUSTHEARD【答案】D【解析】题目问男士提到足球比赛是想表达什么。男士在最后说到，足球运动员在结束的哨声吹响的时候，就意味着比赛已经结束了。但是对于作家来说，永远都没有结束的哨声这一说。因此选D。5AACHIEVEMENTSOFBLACKMALEATHLETESINCOLLEGEBFINANCIALASSISTANCETOBLACKATHLETESINCOLLEGECHIGHCOLLEGEDROPOUTRATESAMONGBLACKATHLETESDUNDERGRADUATEENROLLMENTSOFBLACKATHLETES【答案】C【解析】题目问这两个讲话者在谈论什么。女士在一开始就引出主题一份研究表明，在大学中黑人运动员的辍学率特别高。因此选C。6ATHEYDISPLAYGREATTALENTINEVERYKINDOFGAMEBTHEYAREBETTERATSPORTSTHANATACADEMICWORKCTHEYHAVEDIFFICULTYFINDINGMONEYTOCOMPLETETHEIRSTUDIESDTHEYMAKEMONEYFORTHECOLLEGEBUTOFTENFAILTOEARNADEGREE【答案】D【解析】题目问这份研究对黑人男性运动员有什么新的发现。男士说到他们是以给学校创造收入的工薪阶层的身份存在的，而不是以受教育的学生的身份存在的。就是说，黑人男性运动员只是学校的挣钱工具，而学校并没有给他们太多接受学术教育的机会。因此选D。7AABOUT15BAROUND40CSLIGHTLYOVER50DAPPROXIMATELY70【答案】C【解析】题目问黑人男性运动员的毕业率是多少。女士回答在65所学校中只有勉强一半多一点儿的黑人能毕业。因此选C。8ACOACHESLACKTHEINCENTIVETOGRADUATETHEMBCOLLEGEDEGREESDONOTCOUNTMUCHTOTHEMCTHEYHAVELITTLEINTERESTINACADEMICWORKDSCHOOLSDONOTDEEMITASERIOUSPROBLEM【答案】A【解析】题目问根据男士可知，黑人运动员没能取得大学学位的原因是什么。男士在最后说到所有的动机不是要赢得比赛就是不能输掉比赛。教练缺乏让他们毕业的动力。因此选A。SECTIONBDIRECTIONSINTHISSECTION,YOUWILLHEARTWOPASSAGESATTHEENDOFEACHPASSAGE,YOUWILLHEARTHREEORFOURQUESTIONSBOTHTHEPASSAGEANDTHEQUESTIONSWILLBESPOKENONLYONCEAFTERYOUHEARAQUESTION,YOUMUSTCHOOSETHEBESTANSWERFROMTHEFOURCHOICESMARKEDA,B,CANDDTHENMARKTHECORRESPONDINGLETTERONANSWERSHEET1WITHASINGLELINETHROUGHTHECENTREQUESTIONS9TO12AREBASEDONTHEPASSAGEYOUHAVEJUSTHEARD9AMARKETINGSTRATEGIESBHOLIDAYSHOPPINGCSHOPPINGMALLSDONLINESTORES【答案】B【解析】题目问说话者主要说了什么。听力材料一开始就提到“AMERICASHOLIDAYSHOPPINGSEASONSTARTSONBLACKFRIDAYITISTHEBUSIESTSHOPPINGDAYOFTHEYEAR”，因此，不难推断出该篇听力的主题是关于HOLIDAYSHOPPING，因此本题选B。10AABOUT50OFHOLIDAYSHOPPERSBABOUT2030OFHOLIDAYSHOPPERSCABOUT136MILLIONDABOUT1838MILLION【答案】D【解析】题目问有多少人会在网络星期一那天购物。听力篇章中提及，“ABOUT1838MILLIONPEOPLEWILLSHOPONCYBERMONDAY”，就不难选出本题答案D。11ATHEYHAVEFEWERCUSTOMERSBTHEYFINDITHARDTOSURVIVECTHEYARETHRIVINGONCEMOREDTHEYAPPEALTOELDERLYCUSTOMERS【答案】C【解析】题目问关于传统购物中心，财富是怎么说的。听力篇章中提及“FORTUNESAYSTHEWEAKESTOFTHEMALLSHAVECLOSEDTHESECTORISTHRIVINGAGAIN”，由此可知，本题答案选C。12ABETTERQUALITYOFCONSUMERGOODSBHIGHEREMPLOYMENTANDWAGESCGREATERVARIETIESOFCOMMODITIESDPEOPLEHAVINGMORELEISURETIME【答案】B【解析】题目是问购物者数量增加的原因是什么。篇章中提到，“LOWERUNEMPLOYMENTANDRISINGWAGESCOULDGIVEAMERICANSMOREMONEYTOSPEND”，其中B选项与这句话完全符合，LOWERUNEMPLOYMENT即HIGHEREMPLOYMENT，故本题选B。QUESTIONS13TO15AREBASEDONTHEPASSAGEYOUHAVEJUSTHEARD13ATHEYARENEWSPECIESOFBIGINSECTSBTHEYAREOVERPRESCRIBEDANTIBIOTICSCTHEYARELIFETHREATENINGDISEASESDTHEYAREANTIBIOTICRESISTANTBACTERIA【答案】D【解析】题目问关于超级细菌我们知道什么。篇章中提及，“YOUMAYHAVEHEARDABOUTTHENEWSUPERBUGSWHICHAREANTIBIOTICRESISTANTBACTERIATHATHAVEDEVELOPEDASARESULTOFOVERPRESCRIBEDANTIBIOTICS“,其中D选项与这句话完全符合。14AANTIBIOTICSARENOWINSHORTSUPPLYBMANYINFECTIONSARENOLONGERCURABLECLARGEAMOUNTSOFTAXMONEYAREWASTEDDROUTINEOPERATIONSHAVEBECOMECOMPLEX【答案】D【解析】题目问抗生素用量过度的后果是什么。篇章中提到“SEEMINGLYROUTINEOPERATIONSARENOWMUCHMOREHAZARDOUS”，D选项与此相符合。15AFACILITIESBEXPERTISECMONEYDPUBLICITY【答案】C【解析】题目问，在说话者看来，为应对严重威胁生命的传染病，什么是最迫切需要的。篇章最后提及面对严重威胁生命的传染病，却只有12的预算被用于研究上，这与所需的资金相差甚远。由此可知C选项正确。SECTIONCDIRECTIONSINTHISSECTION,YOUWILLHEARTHREERECORDINGSOFLECTURESORTALKSFOLLOWEDBYTHREEORFOURQUESTIONSTHERECORDINGSWILLBEPLAYEDONLYONCEAFTERYOUHEARAQUESTION,YOUMUSTCHOOSETHEBESTANSWERFROMTHEFOURCHOICESMARKEDA,B,CJANDDTHENMARKTHECORRESPONDINGLETTERONANSWERSHEET1WITHASINGLELINETHROUGHTHECENTREQUESTIONS16TO18AREBASEDONTHERECORDINGYOUHAVEJUSTHEARD16AITISACCESSIBLEONLYTOTHETALENTEDBITIMPROVESSTUDENTSABILITYTOTHINKCITSTARTSALIFELONGLEARNINGPROCESSDITGIVESBIRTHTOMANYEMINENTSCHOLARS【答案】B【解析】题目问说话者是如何描述大学的。听力材料中提到“YOUAREHERETOUNDERSTANDTHINKINGBETTERANDTOTHINKBETTERYOURSELF”，B选项与此相符合。17ATHEYENCOURAGEACADEMICDEMOCRACYBTHEYPROMOTEGLOBALIZATIONCTHEYUPHOLDTHEPRESIDENTSAUTHORITYDTHEYPROTECTSTUDENTSRIGHTS【答案】A【解析】题目问关于大学，我们可以从说话者的故事中了解到什么。篇章中提到“BUTWHATWASREALLYIMPORTANTABOUTTHATWASTHEUNIVERSITIESSTANDOUTASPLACESTHATREALLYAREABOUTTHEAUTHORITYOFIDEAS“，由此可推断出大学鼓励思想交流，鼓励学术民主，A选项正确。18AHISTHIRSTFORKNOWLEDGEBHISEAGERNESSTOFINDAJOBCHISCONTEMPTFORAUTHORITYDHISPOTENTIALFORLEADERSHIP【答案】A【解析】题目是问说话者在挑战他论文的年轻人身上看到了什么。听力篇章中提及“AYOUCOULDNTDEBATETHATYOUNGMANSHUNGERTOLEARN”，由此可判断选A。QUESTIONS19TO22AREBASEDONTHERECORDINGYOUHAVEJUSTHEARD19AFEWPEOPLEKNOWHOWTORETRIEVEINFORMATIONPROPERLYBPEOPLECANENHANCETHEIRMEMORYWITHAFEWTRICKSCMOSTPEOPLEHAVEARATHERPOORLONGTERMMEMORYDPEOPLETENDTOUNDERESTIMATETHEIRMENTALPOWERS【答案】D【解析】听力篇章一开始就提及，“PSYCHOLOGICALRESEARCHSHOWSWECONSISTENTLYUNDERESTIMATEOURMENTALPOWERS”，这与D选项完全符合。20ATHEYPRESENTTHESTATESINASURPRISINGLYDIFFERENTORDERBTHEYINCLUDEMOREORLESSTHESAMENUMBEROFSTATESCTHEYAREEXACTLYTHESAMEASISSHOWNINTHEATLASDTHEYCONTAINNAMESOFTHEMOSTFAMILIARSTATES【答案】B【解析】听力材料中提到，“THETWOLISTSWILLCONTAINROUGHLYTHESAMENUMBEROFSTATESBUTTHEYWILLNOTBEIDENTICAL”，由此可知本题答案为B选项。21AFOCUSINGONWHATISLIKELYTOBETESTEDBHAVINGAGOODSLEEPTHENIGHTBEFORECREVIEWINGYOURLESSONSWHERETHEEXAMISTOTAKEPLACEDMAKINGSENSIBLEDECISIONSWHILECHOOSINGYOURANSWERS【答案】C【解析】题目问说话者对如何准备和参加考试有何建议。听力篇章中提及“IFPOSSIBLE,YOUSHOULDALSOTRYTOLEARNINFORMATIONINTHEROOMWHEREITISGOINGTOBETESTED”，这与C选项完全符合，故本题选C。22ADISCOVERWHENYOUCANLEARNBESTBCHANGEYOURTIMEOFSTUDYDAILYBGIVEYOURSELFADOUBLEBONUSAFTERWARDSDFOLLOWTHEEXAMPLEOFAMARATHONRUNNER【答案】A【解析】题目问关于学习，说话者给了我们什么建议。听力篇章中曾提及“WHENYOULEARNISALSOIMPORTANT”，这表明，要找到最适合自己学习的时间，故A选项正确。QUESTIONS23TO25AREBASEDONTHERECORDINGYOUHAVEJUSTHEARD23AHEISAPOLITICIANBHEISABUSINESSMANCHEISASOCIOLOGISTDHEISANECONOMIST【答案】C【解析】题目是问说话者是做什么的。听力篇章中提及“ITCONCERNSNOTONLYUSSOCIOLOGISTSBUTALSOECONOMISTS,POLITICIANSANDBUSINESSPEOPLE”，答案为C选项。24AINSLUMSBINAFRICACINPREINDUSTRIALSOCIETIESDINDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIES【答案】D【解析】题目是问说话者说在哪可以发现极度贫穷的情况。听力篇章中提及“WHEREDOESEXTREMEPOVERTYOCCURWELL,YOUCANFINDITONLYINDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIES”，因此本题答案选D。25ATHEYHAVENOACCESSTOHEALTHCARE,LETALONEENTERTAINMENTORRECREATIONBTHEIRINCOMEISLESSTHAN50OFTHENATIONALAVERAGEFAMILYINCOMECTHEYWORKEXTRAHOURSTOHAVETHEIRBASICNEEDSMETDTHEIRCHILDRENCANNOTAFFORDTOGOTOPRIVATESCHOOLS【答案】B【解析】题目是问家庭相对贫穷的美国人是什么样的。听力篇章中提及“INTHEUNITEDSTATESAFAMILYCANBECONSIDEREDPOORIFTHEIRINCOMEISLESSTHAN50OFTHENATIONALAVERAGEFAMILYINCOME”，这与B选项完全符合。PARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION40MINUTESSECTIONADIRECTIONSINTHISSECTION,THEREISAPASSAGEWITHTENBLANKSYOUAREREQUIREDTOSELECTONEWORDFOREACHBLANKFROMALISTOFCHOICESGIVENINAWORDBANKFOLLOWINGTHEPASSAGEREADTHEPASSAGETHROUGHCAREFULLYBEFOREMAKINGYOURCHOICESEACHCHOICEINTHEBANKISIDENTIFIEDBYALETTERPLEASEMARKTHECORRESPONDINGLETTERFOREACHITEMONANSWERSHEET2WITHASINGLELINETHROUGHTHECENTREYOUMAYNOTUSEANYOFTHEWORDSINTHEBANKMORETHANONCELETSALLSTOPJUDGINGPEOPLEWHOTALKTOTHEMSELVESNEWRESEARCHSAYSTHATTHOSEWHOCANTSEEMTOKEEPTHEIRINNERMONOLOGUES独白INAREACTUALLYMORELIKELYTOSTAYONTASK,REMAIN_26_BETTERANDSHOWIMPROVEDPERCEPTIONCAPABILITIESNOTBAD,REALLY,FORSOMEEXTRAMUTTERINGACCORDINGTOASERIESOFEXPERIMENTSPUBLISHEDINTHEQUARTERLYJOURNALOFEXPERIMENTALPSYCHOLOGYBYPROFESSORSGARYLUPYANANDDANIELSWIGNLEY,THEACTOFUSINGVERBALCLUESTO_27_MENTALPICTURESHELPSPEOPLEFUNCTIONQUICKERINONEEXPERIMENT,THEYSHOWEDPICTURESOFVARIOUSOBJECTSTOTWENTY_28_ANDASKEDTHEMTOFINDJUSTONEOFTHOSE,ABANANAHALFWERE_29_TOREPEATOUTLOUDWHATTHEYWERELOOKINGFORANDTHEOTHERHALFKEPTTHEIRLIPS_30_THOSEWHOTALKEDTOTHEMSELVESFOUNDTHEBANANASLIGHTLYFASTERTHANTHOSEWHODIDNT，THERESEARCHERSSAYINOTHEREXPERIMENTS,LUPYANANDSWIGNLEYFOUNDTHAT_31_THENAMEOFACOMMONPRODUCTWHENONTHEHUNTFORITHELPEDQUICKENSOMEONESPACE,BUTTALKINGABOUTUNCOMMONITEMSSHOWEDNOADVANTAGEANDSLOWEDYOUDOWNCOMMONRESEARCHHASLONGHELDTHATTALKINGTHEMSELVESTHROUGHATASKHELPSCHILDRENLEARN,ALTHOUGHDOINGSOWHENYOUVE_32_MATUREDISNOTAGREATSIGNOF_33_THETWOPROFESSORSHOPETOREFUTETHATIDEA,_34_THATJUSTASWHENKIDSWALKTHEMSELVESTHROUGHAPROCESS,ADULTSCANBENEFITFROMUSINGLANGUAGENOTJUSTTOCOMMUNICATE,BUTALSOTOHELP“AUGMENTTHINKING”OFCOURSE,YOUARESTILLENCOURAGEDTOKEEPTHETALKINGATLIBRARYTONESAND,WHATEVERYOUDO,KEEPTHEINFORMATIONYOUSHARESIMPLE,LIKEAGROCERYLISTATANY_35_,THERESSTILLSUCHATHINGASTOOMUCHINFORMATION26【解析】F。空格前的REMAIN为系动词，因此空格处需要填入一个形容词；根据前面的句意“更有可能坚持做一件事”，可知FOCUSED最为符合，表示“保持全神贯注”，因此本题选F。27【解析】L。根据空格前的TO可判断空格处应填入动词原形，根据句意，“使用口头提示来记忆图像”，可知选项L符合。28【解析】0。空格前是量词TWENTY，因此空格处需填入一个名词复数；再由前边的“INONEEXPERIMENT”可知这是一个实验，所以这里选择VOLUNTEERS（志愿者）最为合适，故本题选0。29【解析】H。空格前后分别为BE动词WERE和介词TO，因此空格处需要填入一个动词的被动语态；根据句意，“一半人被_要大声地重复他们要找的东西，”可知INSTRUCTED（通知，指导）最为合适，因此本题答案选H。30【解析】J。根据句子结构可判断空格处需要填入一个形容词。再由THEOTHERHALF对应的是前边的HALF，可知这里的情况和前边的不同，前边说REPEATOUTLOUD（大声地重复），后边自然就是要表达“不说话”的意思，KEEPONESLIPSSEALED即“闭上嘴巴、不说话”的意思，故本题选J。31【解析】M。空格前的THAT引导的是宾语从句，空格与后面的名词词组THENAMEOFACOMMONPRODUCT共同充当宾语从句的主语，因此空格处应填入动词的ING形式，根据句意可判断UTTERING更为合适，故本题选M。32【解析】A。空格所在句是一个现在完成时态，空格前后组成谓语动词HAVEMATURED，因此空格处实际上并不缺成分，只可能填入一个副词来修饰动词MATURED，根据单词意思，这里应选APPARENTLY。33【解析】C。根据空格前边的AGREATSIGNOF可知，空格处缺少一个名词；再根据句意，“当你足够成熟时，自言自语并不能显示出你的_”，可知这里填入BRILLIANCE更为合适。故本题选C。34【解析】D。空格前边是一句完整的话，空格后是THAT从句，由此判断空格处填入动词的ING形式，作为前边句子的伴随状语，并引导后面的宾语从句；分析选项，动词的ING形式只剩下CLAIMING这一个词，故本题选D。35【解析】N。空格处需要填入一个名词，与前边的ATANY构成介词词组；结合整篇文章的大意，此处填入VOLUME最为合适，故本题选N。SECTIONBDIRECTIONSINTHISSECTION,YOUAREGOINGTOREADAPASSAGEWITHTENSTATEMENTSATTACHEDTOITEACHSTATEMENTCONTAINSINFORMATIONGIVENINONEOFTHEPARAGRAPHSIDENTIFYTHEPARAGRAPHFROMWHICHTHEINFORMATIONISDERIVEDYOUMAYCHOOSEAPARAGRAPHMORETHANONCEEACHPARAGRAPHISMARKEDWITHALETTERANSWERTHEQUESTIONSBYMARKINGTHECORRESPONDINGLETTERONANSWERSHEET2RICHCHILDRENANDPOORONESARERAISEDVERYDIFFERENTLYATHELIVESOFCHILDRENFROMRICHANDPOORAMERICANFAMILIESLOOKMOREDIFFERENTTHANEVERBEFOREBWELLOFFFAMILIESARERULEDBYCALENDARS,WITHCHILDRENENROLLEDINBALLET,SOCCERANDAFTERSCHOOLPROGRAMS,ACCORDINGTOANEWPEWRESEARCHCENTERSURVEYTHEREAREUSUALLYTWOPARENTS,WHOSPENDALOTOFTIMEREADINGTOCHILDRENANDWORRYINGABOUTTHEIRANXIETYLEVELSANDHECTICSCHEDULESCINPOORFAMILIES,MEANWHILE,CHILDRENTENDTOSPENDTHEIRTIMEATHOMEORWITHEXTENDEDFAMILYTHEYAREMORELIKELYTOGROWUPINNEIGHBORHOODSTHATTHEIRPARENTSSAYARENTGREATFORRAISINGCHILDREN,ANDTHEIRPARENTSWORRYABOUTTHEMGETTINGSHOT,BEATENUPORINTROUBLEWITHTHELAWDTHECLASSDIFFERENCESINCHILDREARINGAREGROWINGASYMPTOMOFWIDENINGINEQUALITYWITHFARREACHINGCONSEQUENCESDIFFERENTUPBRINGINGSSETCHILDRENONDIFFERENTPATHSANDCANDEEPENSOCIOECONOMICDIVISIONS,ESPECIALLYBECAUSEEDUCATIONISSTRONGLYLINKEDTOEARNINGSCHILDRENGROWUPLEARNINGTHESKILLSTOSUCCEEDINTHEIRSOCIOECONOMICSTRATUM阶层,BUTNOTNECESSARILYOTHERSE“EARLYCHILDHOODEXPERIENCESCANBEVERYCONSEQUENTIALFORCHILDRENSLONGTERMSOCIAL,EMOTIONALANDCOGNITIVEDEVELOPMENT,”SAIDSEANREARDON,PROFESSOROFPOVERTYANDINEQUALITYINEDUCATIONATSTANFORDUNIVERSITY“ANDBECAUSETHOSEINFLUENCEEDUCATIONALSUCCESSANDLATEREARNINGS,EARLYCHILDHOODEXPERIENCESCASTALIFELONGSHADOW”THECYCLECONTINUESPOORERPARENTSHAVELESSTIMEANDFEWERRESOURCESTOINVESTINTHEIRCHILDREN,WHICHCANLEAVECHILDRENLESSPREPAREDFORSCHOOLANDWORK,WHICHLEADSTOLOWEREARNINGSFAMERICANPARENTSWANTSIMILARTHINGSFORTHEIRCHILDREN,THEPEWREPORTANDPASTRESEARCHHAVEFOUNDFORTHEMTOBEHEALTHYANDHAPPY,HONESTANDETHICAL,CARINGANDCOMPASSIONATETHEREISNOBESTPARENTINGSTYLEORPHILOSOPHY,RESEARCHERSSAY,ANDACROSSINCOMEGROUPS,92OFPARENTSSAYTHEYAREDOINGAGOODJOBATRAISINGTHEIRCHILDRENYETTHEYAREDOINGITQUITEDIFFERENTLYMIDDLECLASSANDHIGHERINCOMEPARENTSSEETHEIRCHILDRENASPROJECTSINNEEDOFCAREFULCULTIVATION,SAYSANNETTELAREAU,WHOSEGROUNDBREAKINGRESEARCHONTHETOPICWASPUBLISHEDINHERBOOKUNEQUALCHILDHOODSCLASS,RACEANDFAMILYLIFETHEYTRYTODEVELOPTHEIRSKILLSTHROUGHCLOSESUPERVISIONANDORGANIZEDACTIVITIES,ANDTEACHCHILDRENTOQUESTIONAUTHORITYFIGURESANDNAVIGATEELITEINSTITUTIONSGWORKINGCLASSPARENTS,MEANWHILE,BELIEVETHEIRCHILDRENWILLNATURALLYTHRIVE,ANDGIVETHEMFARGREATERINDEPENDENCEANDTIMEFORFREEPLAYTHEYARETAUGHTTOBECOMPLIANTANDRESPECTFULTOADULTSTHEREAREBENEFITSTOBOTHAPPROACHESWORKINGCLASSCHILDRENAREHAPPIER,MOREINDEPENDENT,COMPLAINLESSANDARECLOSERWITHFAMILYMEMBERS,MSLAREAUFOUNDHIGHERINCOMECHILDRENAREMORELIKELYTODECLAREBOREDOMANDEXPECTTHEIRPARENTSTOSOLVETHEIRPROBLEMSYETLATERON,THEMOREAFFLUENTCHILDRENENDUPINCOLLEGEANDONTHEWAYTOTHEMIDDLECLASS,WHILEWORKINGCLASSCHILDRENTENDTOSTRUGGLECHILDRENFROMHIGHERINCOMEFAMILIESARELIKELYTOHAVETHESKILLSTONAVIGATEBUREAUCRACIESANDSUCCEEDINSCHOOLSANDWORKPLACES,MSLAREAUSAIDH“DOALLPARENTSWANTTHEMOSTSUCCESSFORTHEIRCHILDRENABSOLUTELY,”SHESAID“DOSOMESTRATEGIESGIVECHILDRENMOREADVANTAGESTHANOTHERSININSTITUTIONSPROBABLYTHEYDOWILLPARENTSBEDAMAGINGCHILDRENIFTHEYHAVEONEFEWERORGANIZEDACTIVITYNO,IREALLYDOUBTIT”ISOCIALSCIENTISTSSAYTHEDIFFERENCESARISEINPARTBECAUSELOWINCOMEPARENTSHAVELESSMONEYTOSPENDONMUSICCLASSORPRESCHOOL,ANDLESSFLEXIBLESCHEDULESTOTAKECHILDRENTOMUSEUMSORATTENDSCHOOLEVENTSEXTRACURRICULARACTIVITIESREFLECTTHEDIFFERENCESINCHILDREARINGINTHEPEWSURVEY,WHICHWASOFANATIONALLYREPRESENTATIVESAMPLEOF1,807PARENTSOFFAMILIESEARNINGMORETHAN75,000AYEAR,84SAYTHEIRCHILDRENHAVEPARTICIPATEDINORGANIZEDSPORTSOVERTHEPASTYEAR,64HAVEDONEVOLUNTEERWORKAND62HAVETAKENLESSONSINMUSIC,DANCEORARTOFFAMILIESEARNINGLESSTHAN30,000,59OFCHILDRENHAVEDONESPORTS,37HAVEVOLUNTEEREDAND41HAVETAKENARTSCLASSESJESPECIALLYINAFFLUENTFAMILIES,CHILDRENSTARTYOUNGNEARLYHALFOFHIGHEARNING,COLLEGEGRADUATEPARENTSENROLLEDTHEIRCHILDRENINARTSCLASSESBEFORETHEYWERE5,COMPAREDWITHONEFIFTHOFLOWINCOME,LESSEDUCATEDPARENTSNONETHELESS,20OFWELLOFFPARENTSSAYTHEIRCHILDRENSSCHEDULESARETOOHECTIC,COMPAREDWITH8OFPOORERPARENTSKANOTHEREXAMPLEISREADINGALOUD,WHICHSTUDIESHAVESHOWNGIVESCHILDRENBIGGERVOCABULARIESANDBETTERREADINGCOMPREHENSIONINSCHOOL71OFPARENTSWITHACOLLEGEDEGREESAYTHEYDOITEVERYDAY,COMPAREDWITH33OFTHOSEWITHAHIGHSCHOOLDIPLOMAORLESSWHITEPARENTSAREMORELIKELYTHANOTHERSTOREADTOTHEIRCHILDRENDAILY,ASAREMARRIEDPARENTSMOSTAFFLUENTPARENTSENROLLTHEIRCHILDRENINPRESCHOOLORDAYCARE,WHILELOWINCOMEPARENTSAREMORELIKELYTODEPENDONFAMILYMEMBERSDISCIPLINETECHNIQUESVARYBYEDUCATIONLEVEL8OFTHOSEWITHAPOSTGRADUATEDEGREESAYTHEYOFTENBEATTHEIRCHILDREN,COMPAREDWITH22OFTHOSEWITHAHIGHSCHOOLDEGREEORLESSLTHESURVEYALSOPROBEDATTITUDESANDANXIETIESINTERESTINGLY,PARENTSATTITUDESTOWARDEDUCATIONDONOTSEEMTOREFLECTTHEIROWNEDUCATIONALBACKGROUNDASMUCHASABELIEFINTHEIMPORTANCEOFEDUCATIONFORUPWARDMOBILITYMOSTAMERICANPARENTSSAYTHEYARENOTCONCERNEDABOUTTHEIRCHILDRENSGRADESASLONGASTHEYWORKHARDBUT50OFPOORPARENTSSAYITISEXTREMELYIMPORTANTTOTHEMTHATTHEIRCHILDRENEARNACOLLEGEDEGREE,COMPAREDWITH39OFWEALTHIERPARENTSMLESSEDUCATEDPARENTS,ANDPOORERANDBLACKANDLATINOPARENTSAREMORELIKELYTOBELIEVETHATTHEREISNOSUCHTHINGASTOOMUCHINVOLVEMENTINACHILDSEDUCATIONPARENTSWHOAREWHITE,WEALTHYORCOLLEGEEDUCATEDSAYTOOMUCHINVOLVEMENTCANBEBADPARENTALANXIETIESREFLECTTHEIRCIRCUMSTANCESHIGHEARNINGPARENTSAREMUCHMORELIKELYTOSAYTHEYLIVEINAGOODNEIGHBORHOODFORRAISINGCHILDRENWHILEBULLYINGISPARENTSGREATESTCONCERNOVERALL,NEARLYHALFOFLOWINCOMEPARENTSWORRYTHEIRCHILDWILLGETSHOT,COMPAREDWITHONEFIFTHOFHIGHINCOMEPARENTSTHEYAREMOREWORRIEDABOUTTHEIRCHILDRENBEINGDEPRESSEDORANXIOUSNINTHEPEWSURVEY,MIDDLECLASSFAMILIESEARNINGBETWEEN30,000AND75,000AYEARFELLRIGHTBETWEENWORKINGCLASSANDHIGHEARNINGPARENTSONISSUESLIKETHEQUALITYOFTHEIRNEIGHBORHOODFORRAISINGCHILDREN,PARTICIPATIONINEXTRACURRICULARACTIVITIESANDINVOLVEMENTINTHEIRCHILDRENSEDUCATIONOCHILDRENWERENOTALWAYSRAISEDSODIFFERENTLYTHEACHIEVEMENTGAPBETWEENCHILDRENFROMHIGHANDLOWINCOMEFAMILIESIS3040LARGERAMONGCHILDRENBORNIN2001THANTHOSEBORN25YEARSEARLIER,ACCORDINGTOMRREARDONSRESEARCHPEOPLEUSEDTOLIVENEARPEOPLEOFDIFFERENTINCOMELEVELSNEIGHBORHOODSARENOWMORESEGREGATEDBYINCOMEMORETHANAQUARTEROFCHILDRENLIVEINSINGLEPARENTHOUSEHOLDSAHISTORICHIGH,ACCORDINGTOPEW一ANDTHESECHILDRENARETHREETIMESASLIKELYTOLIVEINPOVERTYASTHOSEWHOLIVEWITHMARRIEDPARENTSMEANWHILE,GROWINGINCOMEINEQUALITYHASCOINCIDEDWITHTHEINCREASINGIMPORTANCEOFACOLLEGEDEGREEFOREARNINGAMIDDLECLASSWAGEPYETTHEREARERECENTSIGNSTHATTHEGAPCOULDBESTARTINGTOSHRINKINTHEPASTDECADE,EVENASINCOMEINEQUALITYHASGROWN,SOMEOFTHESOCIOECONOMICDIFFERENCESINPARENTING,LIKEREADIN