基于机器视觉的磨削表面粗糙度毕业设计.doc -- 6 元

毕业设计（论文）题目基于机器视觉的磨削表面粗糙度检测的研究学院专业班级指导教师职称讲师学生姓名学号摘要表面粗糙度是反映零件表面上微观几何形状误差的一个重要指标，随着机械制造业的发展和检测技术的提高，许多科研组织都在深入研究关于表面粗糙度测量的各种关键技术，以实现表面粗糙度的快速无损检测。本文综合比较了目前常用的几种表面粗糙度测量方法，针对磨削表面纹理随机性强，分布方向性不足等特点，结合机器视觉技术，通过对图像检测技术的研究，设计了一种新的表面粗糙度测量方法。首先对图像检测系统的光源进行了分析优选，最终确定LED光源为磨削表面粗糙度检测的最佳光源。然后评定了各种滤波和图像增强方式对磨削表面图像的处理效果，利用灰度级阈值化的分割处理。采用二维离散傅里叶变换将磨削表面图像所呈现的纹理特征转换到频域中进一步加以分析，发现功率谱半径与表面粗糙度值呈近似单调函数关系，完成了表面粗糙度值的测量，从而论证了利用机器视觉测量表面粗糙度的可行性。本文采用机器视觉技术，以MATLAB软件为平台，设计了表面粗糙度测量系统，开发了相应的磨削表面粗糙度检测软件。关键词表面粗糙度，图像检测，MATLAB，磨削表面ⅡABSTRACTSurfaceroughnessisoneofimportantindexesreflectingmicroscopicerroringeometricalform.Astheindustryofmechanicalmanufacturinganddetectiontechnologydevelop,manygroupsaremakingintensivestudiesofvariouskeytechnologiesactivelytorealizequickandnondestructiveexaminationofsurfaceroughness．Thisthesiscomparedseveralordinarymeasuringmethodsofsurfaceroughnesssynthetically.Becausethetextureofgroundsurfacedisplaysstrongrandomnessandinsufficientdirectivityofdistribution,newdetectionmethodofsurfaceroughnessWasputforward,throughcombinationofcomputervisiontechnique,Throughimagedetectiontechnologyresearchanddesignanewsurfaceroughnessmeasurement.Firstly,thisthesisanalyzedimagecharacteristicsofgroundsurfaceunderdifferentlightsourcesprofoundlyandchosecondensingLEDlinesource.Secondly,assessingtheeffectsofvariousfilteringmethodsandimageenhancementapproachesquantitativelyaccordingtoprofilecurvesofgreyvariation，thethesisdevelopedeffectiveimagepreprocessingprograms.Therefore,wecouldrecognizemasscentricpositionsofsurfacedefectsandcalculatepropertiesofthem.Thirdly,thisthesistransformedgroundsurfaceimagesintofrequencydomainadoptingtwodimensionalDiscreteFourierTransforminordertoimplementfurthertexturecharacteristicanalysis．Thenwediscoveredthatpowerspectralradiushadapproximatelymonotonerelationshipwiththevalueofroughness,sothesecharacteristicswereextractedasinputstoaccomplishmeasurementofsurfaceroughness.Inthispaper,combinedwithmachinevisiontoMATLABsoftwareasaplatform,surfaceroughnessmeasurementsystemdesignedtodevelopthecorrespondingsurfaceroughnessdetectors.KeywordssurfaceroughnessimagedetectionMATLABgrindingsurface）Ⅰ目录第1章绪论.............................................................................................11.1表面粗糙度概述..............................................................................................................11.2表面粗糙度测量..............................................................................................................21.3国内外粗糙度检测研究现状..........................................................................................31.3.1接触式测量方法......................................................................................................31.3.2光学测量方法..........................................................................................................31.3.3其它测量方法..........................................................................................................41.4论文研究的目的..............................................................................................................41.5论文研究的主要内容......................................................................................................5第2章磨削表面检测系统设计.................................................................62.1机器视觉检测系统..........................................................................................................62.1.1机器视觉技术简介..................................................................................................62.1.2机器视觉发展历史..................................................................................................62.1.3机器视觉在制造业中的应用..................................................................................72.2机器视觉检测系统的组成部分......................................................................................72.3图像检测系统的主要设备..............................................................................................82.3.1光学系统..................................................................................................................82.3.2CCD摄像机...........................................................................................................102.3.3图像采集卡............................................................................................................112.3.4计算机....................................................................................................................122.3.5照明光源................................................................................................................12第3章磨削表面图像处理和分析...........................................................143.1磨削试件表面图像采集................................................................................................143.1.110,4,3表面粗糙度的选取............................................................................153.2磨削表面图像预处理....................................................................................................163.2.1图像滤波................................................................................................................173.2.2滤波器的选用........................................................................................................183.2.3图像增强................................................................................................................213.3磨削表面缺陷检测........................................................................................................23