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1CHARACTERISTICSANDSHEETMETALFORMING1THEARTICLEOVERVIEWSTAMPINGISAKINDOFPLASTICFORMINGPROCESSINWHICHAPARTISPRODUCEDBYMEANSOFTHEPLASTICFORMINGTHEMATERIALUNDERTHEACTIONOFADIESTAMPINGISUSUALLYCARRIEDOUTUNDERCOLDSTATE,SOITISALSOCALLEDSTAMPINGHEATSTAMPINGISUSEDONLYWHENTHEBLANKTHICKNESSISGREATERTHAN8100MMTHEBLANKMATERIALFORSTAMPINGISUSUALLYINTHEFORMOFSHEETORSTRIP,ANDTHEREFOREITISALSOCALLEDSHEETMETALFORMINGSOMENONMETALSHEETSSUCHASPLYWOOD,MICASHEET,ASBESTOS,LEATHERCANALSOBEFORMEDBYSTAMPINGSTAMPINGISWIDELYUSEDINVARIOUSFIELDSOFTHEMETALWORKINGINDUSTRY,ANDITPLAYSACRUCIALROLEINTHEINDUSTRIESFORMANUFACTURINGAUTOMOBILES,INSTRUMENTS,MILITARYPARTSANDHOUSEHOLDELECTRICALAPPLIANCES,ETCTHEPROCESS,EQUIPMENTANDDIEARETHETHREEFOUNDATIONALPROBLEMSTHATNEEDEDTOBESTUDIEDINSTAMPINGTHECHARACTERISTICSOFTHESHEETMETALFORMINGAREASFOLLOWS1HIGHMATERIALUTILIZATION2CAPACITYTOPRODUCETHINWALLEDPARTSOFCOMPLEXSHAPE3GOODINTERCHANGEABILITYBETWEENSTAMPINGPARTSDUETOPRECISIONINSHAPEANDDIMENSION4PARTSWITHLIGHTWEIGHT,HIGHSTRENGTHANDFINERIGIDITYCANBEOBTAINED5HIGHPRODUCTIVITY,EASYTOOPERATEANDTOREALIZEMECHANIZATIONANDAUTOMATIZATIONTHEMANUFACTUREOFTHESTAMPINGDIEISCOSTLY,ANDTHEREFOREITONLYFITSTOMASSPRODUCTIONFORTHEMANUFACTUREOFPRODUCTSINSMALLBATCHANDRICHVARIETY,THESIMPLESTAMPINGDIEANDTHENEWEQUIPMENTSUCHASASTAMPINGMACHININGCENTER,AREUSUALLYADOPTEDTOMEETTHEMARKETDEMANDSTHEMATERIALSFORSHEETMETALSTAMPINGINCLUDEMILDSTEEL,COPPER,ALUMINUM,MAGNESIUMALLOYANDHIGHPLASTICITYALLOYSTEEL,ETCSTAMPINGEQUIPMENTINCLUDESPLATESHEARPUNCHINGPRESSTHEFORMERSHEARSPLATEINTOSTRIPSWITHADEFINITEWIDTH,WHICHWOULDBEPRESSEDLATERTHELATERCANBEUSEDBOTHINSHEARINGANDFORMING2．CHARACTERISTICSOFSTAMPINGFORMING2THEREAREVARIOUSPROCESSESOFSTAMPINGFORMINGWITHDIFFERENTWORKINGPATTERNSANDNAMESBUTTHESEPROCESSESARESIMILARTOEACHOTHERINPLASTICDEFORMATIONTHEREAREFOLLOWINGCONSPICUOUSCHARACTERISTICSINSTAMPING（1）．THEFORCEPERUNITAREAPERPENDICULARTOTHEBLANKSURFACEISNOTLARGEBUTISENOUGHTOCAUSETHEMATERIALPLASTICDEFORMATIONITISMUCHLESSTHANTHEINNERSTRESSESONTHEPLATEPLANEDIRECTIONSINMOSTCASESSTAMPINGFORMINGCANBETREATEDAPPROXIMATELYASTHATOFTHEPLANESTRESSSTATETOSIMPLIFYVASTLYTHETHEORETICALANALYSISANDTHECALCULATIONOFTHEPROCESSPARAMETERS（2）．DUETOTHESMALLRELATIVETHICKNESS,THEANTIINSTABILITYCAPABILITYOFTHEBLANKISWEAKUNDERCOMPRESSIVESTRESSASARESULT,THESTAMPINGPROCESSISDIFFICULTTOPROCEEDSUCCESSFULLYWITHOUTUSINGTHEANTIINSTABILITYDEVICESUCHASBLANKHOLDERTHEREFORETHEVARIETIESOFTHESTAMPINGPROCESSESDOMINATEDBYTENSILESTRESSAREMORETHANDOMINATEDBYCOMPRESSIVESTRESS（3）．DURINGSTAMPINGFORMING,THEINNERSTRESSOFTHEBLANKISEQUALTOORSOMETIMESLESSTHANTHEYIELDSTRESSOFTHEMATERIALINTHISPOINT,THESTAMPINGISDIFFERENTFROMTHEBULKFORMINGDURINGSTAMPINGFORMING,THEINFLUENCEOFTHEHYDROSTATICPRESSUREOFTHESTRESSSTATEINTHEDEFORMATIONZONETOTHEFORMINGLIMITANDTHEDEFORMATIONRESISTANCEISNOTSOIMPORTANTASTOTHEBULKFORMINGINSOMECIRCUMSTANCES,SUCHINFLUENCEMAYBENEGLECTEDEVENINTHECASEWHENTHISINFLUENCESHOULDBECONSIDERED,THETREATINGMETHODISALSODIFFERENTFROMTHATOFBULKFORMING（4）．INSTAMPINGFORMING,THERESTRAINACTIONOFTHEDIETOTHEBLANKISNOTSEVERSASINTHECASEOFTHEBULKFORMINGSUCHASDIEFORGINGINBULKFORMING,THECONSTRAINTFORMINGISPROCEEDEDBYTHEDIEWITHEXACTLYTHESAMESHAPEOFTHEPARTWHEREASINSTAMPING,INMOSTCASES,THEBLANKHASACERTAINDEGREEOFFREEDOM,ONLYONESURFACEOFTHEBLANKCONTACTSWITHTHEDIEINSOMEEXTRACASES,SUCHASTHEFORMINGOFTHEBLANKONTHEDEFORMINGZONECONTACTWITHTHEDIETHEDEFORMATIONINTHESEREGIONSARECAUSEDANDCONTROLLEDBYTHEDIEAPPLYINGANEXTERNALFORCETOITSADJACENTAREADUETOTHECHARACTERISTICSOFSTAMPINGDEFORMATIONANDMECHANICSMENTIONEDABOVE,THESTAMPINGTECHNIQUEISDIFFERENTFORMTHEBULKMETALFORMING（1）．THEIMPORTANCEORTHESTRENGTHANDRIGIDITYOFTHEDIEINSTAMPINGFORMINGISLESSTHANTHATINBULKFORMINGBECAUSETHEBLANKCANBEFORMEDWITHOUTAPPLYINGLARGEPRESSUREPERUNITAREAONITSSURFACEINSTEAD,THETECHNIQUESOFTHESIMPLEDIEANDTHEPNEUMATICANDHYDRAULICFORMINGAREDEVELOPED3（2）．DUETOTHEPLANESTRESSORSIMPLESTRAINSTATEINCOMPARISONWITHBULKFORMING,MORERESEARCHONDEFORMATIONORFORCEANDPOWERPARAMETERSHASBEENDONESTAMPINGFORMINGCANBEPERFORMEDBYMOREREASONABLESCIENTIFICMETHODSBASEDONTHEREALTIMEMEASUREMENTANDANALYSISONTHESHEETMETALPROPERTIESANDSTAMPINGPARAMETERS,BYMEANSOFCOMPUTERANDSOMEMODERNTESTINGAPPARATUS,RESEARCHONTHEINTELLECTUALIZEDCONTROLOFSTAMPINGPROCESSISALSOINPROCEEDING（3）．ITISSHOWNTHATTHEREISACLOSERELATIONSHIPBETWEENSTAMPINGFORMINGANDRAWMATERIALTHERESEARCHONTHEPROPERTIESOFTHESTAMPINGFORMING,THATIS,FORMINGABILITYANDSHAPESTABILITY,HASBECOMEAKEYPOINTINSTAMPINGTECHNOLOGYDEVELOPMENT,BUTALSOENHANCESTHEMANUFACTURINGTECHNIQUEOFIRONANDSTEELINDUSTRY,ANDPROVIDESARELIABLEFOUNDATIONFORINCREASINGSHEETMETALQUALITY3．CATEGORIESOFSTAMPINGFORMINGMANYDEFORMATIONPROCESSESCANBEDONEBYSTAMPING,THEBASICPROCESSESOFTHESTAMPINGCANBEDIVIDEDINTOTWOKINDSCUTTINGANDFORMINGCUTTINGISASHEARINGPROCESSTHATONEPARTOFTHEBLANKISCUTFROMTHEOTHERITMAINLYINCLUDESBLANKING,PUNCHING,TRIMMING,PARTINGANDSHAVING,WHEREPUNCHINGANDBLANKINGARETHEMOSTWIDELYUSEDFORMINGISAPROCESSTHATONEPARTOFTHEBLANKHASSOMEDISPLACEMENTFROMTHEOTHERITMAINLYINCLUDESDEEPDRAWING,BENDING,LOCALFORMING,BULGING,FLANGING,NECKING,SIZINGANDSPINNINGINSUBSTANCE,STAMPINGFORMINGISSUCHTHATTHEPLASTICDEFORMATIONOCCURSINTHEDEFORMATIONZONEOFTHESTAMPINGBLANKCAUSEDBYTHEEXTERNALFORCETHESTRESSSTATEANDDEFORMATIONCHARACTERISTICOFTHEDEFORMATIONZONEARETHEBASICFACTORSTODECIDETHEPROPERTIESOFTHESTAMPINGFORMINGBASEDONTHESTRESSSTATEANDDEFORMATIONCHARACTERISTICSOFTHEDEFORMATIONZONE,THEFORMINGMETHODSCANBEDIVIDEDINTOSEVERALCATEGORIESWITHTHESAMEFORMINGPROPERTIESANDBESTUDIEDSYSTEMATICALLYTHEDEFORMATIONZONEINALMOSTALLTYPESOFSTAMPINGFORMINGISINTHEPLANESTRESSSTATEUSUALLYTHEREISNOFORCEORONLYSMALLFORCEAPPLIEDONTHEBLANKSURFACEWHENISASSUMEDTHATTHESTRESSPERPENDICULARTOTHEBLANKSURFACEEQUALSTOZERO,TWOPRINCIPALSTRESSESPERPENDICULARTOEACHOTHERANDACTONTHEBLANKSURFACEPRODUCETHEPLASTICDEFORMATIONOFTHEMATERIALDUETOTHESMALLTHICKNESSOFTHEBLANK,ITISASSUMEDAPPROXIMATELYTHETWOPRINCIPALSTRESSESDISTRIBUTEUNIFORMLYALONGTHETHICKNESSDIRECTIONBASEDONTHISANALYSIS,THESTRESSSTATEANDTHEDEFORMATIONCHARACTERISTICSOFTHEDEFORMATIONZONEINALLKINDSOFSTAMPINGFORMINGCANBE4DENOTEDBYTHEPOINTSINTHECOORDINATESOFTHEPLANEPRINCIPALSTRESSESANDTHECOORDINATESOFTHECORRESPONDINGPLANEPRINCIPALSTRAINS4．RAWMATERIALSFORSTAMPINGFORMINGTHEREAREALOTOFRAWMATERIALSUSEDINSTAMPINGFORMING,ANDTHEPROPERTIESOFTHESEMATERIALSMAYHAVELARGEDIFFERENCETHESTAMPINGFORMINGCANBESUCCEEDEDONLYBYDETERMININGTHESTAMPINGMETHOD,THEFORMINGPARAMETERSANDTHEDIESTRUCTURESACCORDINGTOTHEPROPERTIESANDCHARACTERISTICSOFTHERAWMATERIALSTHEDEFORMATIONOFTHEBLANKDURINGSTAMPINGFORMINGHASBEENINVESTIGATEDQUITETHOROUGHLYTHERELATIONSHIPSBETWEENTHEMATERIALPROPERTIESDECIDEDBYTHECHEMISTRYCOMPONENTANDSTRUCTUREOFTHEMATERIALANDTHESTAMPINGFORMINGHASBEENESTABLISHEDCLEARLYNOTONLYTHEPROPERMATERIALCANBESELECTEDBASEDONTHEWORKINGCONDITIONANDUSAGEDEMAND,BUTALSOTHENEWMATERIALCANBEDEVELOPEDACCORDINGTOTHEDEMANDSOFTHEBLANKPROPERTIESDURINGPROCESSINGTHESTAMPINGPARTTHISISANIMPORTANTDOMAININSTAMPINGFORMINGRESEARCHTHERESEARCHONTHEMATERIALPROPERTIESFORSTAMPINGFORMINGISASFOLLOWS（1）．DEFINITIONOFTHESTAMPINGPROPERTYOFTHEMATERIAL（2）．METHODTOJUDGETHESTAMPINGPROPERTYOFTHEMATERIAL,FINDPARAMETERSTOEXPRESSTHEDEFINITELYMATERIALPROPERTYOFTHESTAMPINGFORMING,ESTABLISHTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHEPROPERTYPARAMETERSANDTHEPRACTICALSTAMPINGFORMING,ANDINVESTIGATETHETESTINGMETHODSOFTHEPROPERTYPARAMETERS（3）．ESTABLISHTHERELATIONSHIPAMONGTHECHEMICALCOMPONENT,STRUCTURE,MANUFACTURINGPROCESSANDSTAMPINGPROPERTYTHERAWMATERIALSFORSTAMPINGFORMINGMAINLYINCLUDEVARIOUSMETALSANDNONMETALPLATESHEETMETALINCLUDESBOTHFERROUSANDNONFERROUSMETALSALTHOUGHALOTOFSHEETMETALSAREUSEDINSTAMPINGFORMING,THEMOSTWIDELYUSEDMATERIALSARESTEEL,STAINLESSSTEEL,ALUMINUMALLOYANDVARIOUSCOMPOSITEMETALPLATES5．STAMPINGFORMINGPROPERTYOFSHEETMETALANDITSASSESSINGMETHODTHESTAMPINGFORMINGPROPERTYOFTHESHEETMETALISTHEADAPTATIONCAPABILITYOFTHESHEETMETALTOSTAMPINGFORMINGITHASCRUCIALMEANINGTOTHEINVESTIGATIONOFTHESTAMPINGFORMINGPROPERTYOFTHESHEETMETALINORDERTOPRODUCESTAMPINGFORMINGPARTSWITHMOSTSCIENTIFIC,ECONOMICANDRATIONALSTAMPINGFORMINGPROCESSANDFORMINGPARAMETERS,ITISNECESSARYTOUNDERSTANDCLEARLYTHEPROPERTIESOFTHESHEETMETAL,SOASTOUTILIZETHEPOTENTIALOFTHESHEETMETALFULLYINTHEPRODUCTIONONTHEOTHERHAND,TOSELECTPLATEMATERIALACCURATELYANDRATIONALLYINACCORDANCEWITHTHE
