已阅读5页,还剩4页未读, 继续免费阅读
版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
ModernDesignandManufacturing1.TheComputerandManufacturingThecomputerisbringingmanufacturingintotheInformationAge.Thisnewtool,longafamiliaroneinbusinessandmanagementoperations,ismovingintothefactory,anditsadventischangingmanufacturingascertainlyasthesteamenginechangedit100yearsago.Thebasicmetalworkingprocessesarenotlikelytochangefundamentally,buttheirorganizationandcontroldefinitelywillInonerespect,manufacturingcouldbesaidtobecomingfullcircle.Thefistmanufacturingwasacottageindustry:thedesignerwasalsothemanufacturer,conceivingandfabricatingproductsoneatatime.Eventually,theconceptoftheinterchangeabilityofpartswasdeveloped,productionwasseparatedintospecializedfunctions,andidenticalpartswereproducedthousandsatatime.Today,althoughthedesignerandmanufacturermaynotbecomeoneagain,thefunctionsarebeingdrawncloseinthemovementtowardanintegratedmanufacturingsystem.Itisperhapsironicthat,atatimewhenthemarketdemandsahighdegreeofproductdiversification,thenecessityforincreasingproductivityandreducingcoatsisdrivingmanufacturingtowardinegrationintoacoherentsystem,acontinuousprocessinwhichpartsdonotspentasmuchas95%ofproductiontimebeingmovedaroundorwaitingtobeworkedon.Thecomputeristhekeytoeachofthesetwinrequirements.Itistheonlytoolthatcanprovidethequickreflexes,theflexibilityandseed,tomeetadiversifiedmarket.Anditistheonlytoolthatenablesthedetailedanalysisandtheaccessibilityofaccuratedatanecessaryfortheintegrationofthemanufacturingsystem.Itmaywellbethat,inthefuture,thecomputermaybeessentialtoacompanyssurvial.Manyoftodaysbusinesseswillfadeawaytobereplacedbymore-productivecombinations.Suchmore-productivecombinationsaresuperquality,superproductivityplants.Thegoalistodesignandoperateaplantthatwouldproduce100%satisfactorypartswichgoodproductivity.Asophisticated,competitiveworldisrequiringthatmanufacturingbegintosettleformore,tobecomeitselfsophisticated.Tomeetcompetition,forexample,acompanywillhavetomeetthesomewhatconflictingdemandsforgreaterproductdiversification,higherquality,improvedproductivity,higherquality,improvedproductivityandprices.Thecompanythatseekstomeetthesedemandswillneedasophisticatedtool,onethatwillallowittorespondquicklytocustomerneedswhilegettingthemostoutofitsmanufacturingresources.Thecomputeristhattool.Becominga“superquality,superproductivity”plantrequirestheintegrationofanextremelycomplexsystem.Thiscanbeaccomplishedonlywhenallextremelycomplexsystem.Thiscanbeaccomplishedonlywhenallelementsofmanufacturing-design,fabricationandassembly,qualityassurance,management,materialshanding-arecomputerintegrated.Inproductdesign,forexample,interactivecomputer-aided-design(CAD)systemsallowthedrawingandanalysistaskstobeperformedinafractionofthetimeallowthedrawingandanalysistaskstobeperformedinafrationofthetimepreviouslyrequiredandgreateraccuracy.Andprogramsforprototypetestingtestingandevaluationfurtherspeedthedesignprocess.Inmanufacturingplanning,computer-aidedprocessplanningpermitstheselection,fromthousandsofpossiblesequencesandschedules,oftheoptimumprocess.Ontheshopfloor,distributedintlligenceintheformofmicroprocessorscontrols,runsautomatedloadingandunloadingequipment,andcollectsdataoncurrentshopconditions.Butsuchisolatedrevolutionsarenotenough.Whatisnendedisatotallyautomatedsystem,linkedbycommonsoftwarefromfrontdoortoback.Thebenefitsrangethoughoutthesystem.Essentially,computerintegrationprovideswidelyandinstantaneouslyavailable,accurateinformation,improvingcommunicationbetweendepartments,permittingtightercontrol,andgenerallyenhancingtheoverallqualityandefficiencyoftheentiresystem.Improvedcommunicationcanmean,forexample,designsthataremoreproducible.TheNCprogrammerandthetooldesignerhaveachangtoinfluencetheproductdesigner,andviceversa.Engineeringchanges,canbereduced,andthosethatarerequiredcanbehandledmoreefficiently.Notonlydosethecomputerpermitthemtobespecicifiedmorequickly,butitalsoalerssubsequentusersofthedatatothefactthatachangehasbeenmade.Theinstantaneousupdatingofproduction-controldatapermitsbetterplanningandmore-effectivescheduling.Expensiveequipment,therefore,isusedmoreproductively,andpartsmovemoreefficientlythroughproduction,reducingwork-in-processcoats.Productquality,too,canbeimproved.Notonlyaremore-accuratedesignsproduced,forexample,buttheuseofdesigndatabythequality-assurancedepartmenthelpseliminateerrorsduetomisunderstandings.Peopleareenabledtodotheirjobsbetter.Byeliminatingtediouscalculationsandpaperworknottomentiontimewastedsearchingforinformationthecomputernotonlyallowsworkerstobemoreproductivebutalsofreesthemtodowhatonlyhumanbeingcando:thinkcreatively.Computerintegrationmayalsolurenewpeopleintomanufacturing.Peopleareattractedbecausetheywanttoworkinamodern,technologicallysophisticatedenviroment.Inmanufacturingengineering,CAD/CAMdecreasestool-design,NC-programming,andplanningtimeswhilespeedingtheresponserate,whichwilleventuallypermitin-housstafftoperformworkthatiscurrentlybeingcontractedout.2.CAD/CAMCAD/CAMisatermwhichmeanscomputer-aidedandcomputer-aidedmanufacturing.itisthetechnologyconcernedwiththeuseofdigitalcomputerstoperformcertainfunctionsindesignandproduction.Thistechnologyismovinginthedirectionofgreaterintegrationofdesignandmanufacturing,twoactivitieswhichhavetraditionallybeentreatedasdistinctandseparatefunctionsinaproductionfirm.Ultimately,CAD/CAMwillprovidethetechnologybaseforthecomputer-integratedfactoryofthefuture.Computer-aideddesign(CAD)canbedefinedastheuseofcomputerstytemstoassistinthecreation,modification,analysis,oroptimizationofadesign.Thecomputersystemsconsistofthehardwareandsoftwaretoperformthespecializeddesignfunctionsrequiredbytheparticularuserfirm.TheCADhardwaretypicallyincludedthecomputer,oneormoregraphicsdisplayterminals,keyboards,andotherperipheralequipment.TheCADsoftwareconsistsofthecomputerprogramstoimplementcomputergraphicstofacilitatetheengineeringfunctionsoftheusercompany.Examplesoftheseapplicationprogramsincludestress-strainanalysisofcomponents,dynamicresponseofmechanisms,heat-transfercalculations,andnumericalcontrolpartprogrammingThecollectionofapplicationprogramswillvaryfromoneuserfirmtothenextbecausetheirproductlines,manufacturingprocesses,andcustomermarketsaredifferentThesefactorsgiverisetodifferencesinCADsystemrequirements.Computer-aidedmanufacturing(CAM)canbedefinedastheuseofcomputersystemstoplan,manufacturingplantthrougheitherdirectorindirectcomputerinterfacewiththeplansproductionresources.Asindicatedbythedefinition,theapplicationsofcomputer-aidedmanufacturingfallintotwobroadcategories:1.Computermonitoringandcontrol.2.Manufacturingsupportapplications.Thedistinctionbetweenthetwocategoriesisfundamentaltoanunderstand-ingofcomputer-aidedmanufacturing.Inadditiontotheapplicationsinvolvingadirectcomputer-processinterfaceforthepurposeofprocessmonitoringandcontrol,computer-aidedmanufacturingalsoincludesindirectapplicationsinwhichthecomputerservesasupportroleinthemanufacturingoperationsoftheplant.Intheseapplications,thecomputerisnotlinkeddirectlytothemanufacturingprocess.Instead,thecomputerisused“off-line”toprovideplans,schedules,forecasts,instructions,andinformationbywhichthefirmsproductionresourcescanbemanagedmoreeffectively.Theformoftherelationshipbetweenthecomputerandtheprocessisrepresentedsymbolicallyinthefiguregivenbelow.Dashedlinesareusedtoindicatethatthecomm
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 2024届陕西省榆林市高三第二次模拟检测数学试题(理)(解析版)
- 2023-2024学年广西百所名校高一下学期开学考试数学试题(解析版)
- 健康管理方案
- 水池(化粪池)满水试验记录表
- 市场结构-完全竞争市场(经济学理论课件)
- 烧结氮化铝静电卡盘行业总体规模、主要企业国内外市场占有率及排名
- 分类分层走班教学管理细则
- 第10练 阅读理解之人物描写方法【分层培优拓展】 七年级语文上册 重点知识提升专练(部编版)
- 【生物】了解自己增进健康 情境课件 2023-2024学年八年级生物下册同步备课系列(人教版)
- 造师劳动合同范本
- 【知识解析】减数分裂(一)-精子的形成过程 -微课
- 新思维大学英语混合式教学III知到章节答案智慧树2023年郑州大学
- 2023年度军队文职《教育学》真题库(含答案)
- 2023禁化武知识竞赛答题答案,禁化武履约宣传普法主题知识竞赛题
- 长春市中考体育评分标准和规则2篇
- 学生心理健康档案表格
- 2023年神东煤炭集团招聘笔试题库及答案解析
- GB/T 31831-2015LED室内照明应用技术要求
- 高中政治必修三 第1-5课测试卷 提高篇新(含答案)
- 化工企业某公司设备设施清单
- 教学楼安全管理制度(5篇)
评论
0/150
提交评论