牛津上海版英语四年级上语法(全)

英语笔记（四、五年级）目录1音标P162反义词P73人称代词P84动名词P95可数名词的复数变化形式P106星期和月份的词汇P117基数词和序数词的用法P128TOBE句型P139含有HAVE/HAS的句型P1410CAN句型P1511THEREBE句型P1612祈使句P1713TODO句型P1814改写句子1否定句P1915改写句子2一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答P2016改写句子3特殊疑问句P2117P18P19P20P21P22P23P24P25P26P27P28P29P30P31P32P33P34P35P音标1ACAKETABLEMAKEJANEPLATESNAKENAMEFACEPLACEPLANETAKEGATETAPETASTEBABYLADYPAPERSTATIONFAVOURITEAITAILRAINRAINYTRAINWAITAYDAYHAYGRAYMAYMAYPLAYSAYWAYAWAYTODAYBIRTHDAYHURRAYEYTHEYGREYSURVEYEAGREATBREAKEIEIGHT2AANANDATBADBAGBLACKCANCATCATCHDADFATHANDHATHAVEHASSADJAMPIANOLAMPMANMAPSTAMPSTANDTHANKTHATVANANGRYAPPLEHAPPYJACKETPANDARABBITSALADTAXITRAFFICANIMALFAMILYSATURDAYPIANO3EHEMESHEBEWETHESEEVENINGZEBRAPETEREVACHINESEJAPANESEEEBEEFEELGREENKNEEMEETNEEDSEESEEDSHEEPSLEEPSTREETTREESWEEPSWEETTHREEKEEPEABEACHBEANCLEANEATLEAFMEATPEACHPLEASEREADSEATEAEASYSEASONTEACHEREASTIPIZZAIEPIECEEOPEOPLE4E/E/EGGBEDDESKTENPENPENCILREDSEVENKENDRESSGETHELPLEFTLEGLETNETNEXTSMELLTELLTHEMTHENWELLWESTWHENWETYESCLEVEREVERYJELLYLETTERPRESENTQUESTIONSECONDTENNISVERYWELCOMEYELLOWTOGETHERELEVENTWELVEELEPHANTEA/E/BREADHEADWEATHERBREAKFASTHEAVYIE/E/FRIENDA/E/ANYMANY只有两个5ILIKEKITEBICYCLEBIKEMIKENICENINEICHILDCLIMBDRIVEDRIVERFINEHIICEICECREAMMICERICERIDESHINESIGNSLIDESMILETIMEWHITEWILDWRITETIGERBEHINDBESIDELIBRARYPINEAPPLEMINELINEIGHHIGHLIGHTNIGHTRIGHTBRIGHTTONIGHTYBYCRYDRYFLYMYSKYTRYWHYIETIEPIEFRIESUYBUYEYEEYE6IBIGPIGPINKJIMHISHIMISITITSPLAYINGWITHSTICKDRINKFISHGIFTGIVEINLISTMILKMISSPICKSHIPSINGSITSPRINGSWIMSWINGTHINTHINGTHISWINDBISCUITCHICKCHICKENCHILDRENDINNERKITCHENLISTENLITTLESISTERWINDOWWINTERPICTURERABBITANIMALMORNINGWILLSIXSLIMYLOVELYSLOWLYDANNYPARTYHAPPYDOLLYTONYKITTYVERYSUNNYCLOUDYWINDYRAINYSNOWYFAMILYLIBRARYBUSYANYMANYPRETTYEPUPPETBASKETELEVENPEACHESELEPHANTSUPERMARKETTOILETPRETTYUBUSYEYMONKEYMONEY7OOLDCOLDGOPHOTOROSEHOLDCLOSECLOTHESFOLDHOMENONOSEROPESOTHOSEOPENOVERHELLOOCTOBERPIANOFLOOWBLOWBOWLSLOWSNOWKNOWGROWSHOWYELLOWWINDOWRAINBOWCROWOABOATCOATROADGOATOUSHOULDEROETOEJOE8OORPOOROURTOURURESURE9ODOGBOXSHOPHOTBONNIECROSSFOXLONGLOTNOTNODONSOFTSONGSTOPSTRONGBODYCOFFEEOFFICEDOCTORCHOCOLATEVOLLEYBALLOCTOBERAWANTWATCHWHATWASHAUSAUSAGEBECAUSEORORANGESORRYBORROWTOMORROW10UDUCKSUNSUNNYCUTCUPRUSSRUNUPSUMMERBUSBUTJUMPMUCHLUNCHMUMUSBUTTERBUTTERFLYHUNGRYFUNFUNNYNUMBERRUBBERSTUDYSUNDAYUGLYUNCLEUNDERUMBRELLATRUNKUSCLUBOLOVELOVELYCOMESOMESOMETIMESFRONTSONBROTHERCOLOURMONDAYMONKEYMONEYMOTHERABOVEBECOMEOTHEROUTOUCHROUGHYOUNGCOUSIN11ARCARCARDARMARTFARMDARKFARHARDMARCHPARKSTARSTARTGARDENPARTYSCARFLARGESHARPSMARTMARKETSUPERMARKETYARDMARKAASKCLASSDANCEFASTGLASSGRASSPASTPLANTAFTERAFTERNOONFATHERBASKETBALLBANANAANSWERBATHBRANCHAUAUNTLAUGHALHALFEARHEART12Y/J/YESYEARYELLOWYOUYOURYOUNGYUMMY13OO/U/COOLFOODMOONROOMROOTSCHOOLSMOOTHSPOONTOOTOOTHZOOAFTERNOONPOOLU/U/JUNERULERJUDYRULEUE/U/BLUEGLUETRUESUEO/U/DOWHOWHOSETOOU/U/GROUPSOUPYOUUI/U/FRUITJUICE14U/JU/PUPILTUBEMUSICUSEUSEFULSUPERCUTEUNITSUPERMARKETCOMPUTERUSUALLYTUNESTUDENTEW/JU/NEWNEWSNEWSPAPEREAU/JU/BEAUTIFUL15ALALLBALLCALLHALLSMALLTALKTALLWALKWALLALWAYSCHALKFALLSALTSALTYORFORHORSEORSHORTCORNSPORTBEFOREMORETORTOISEAWDRAWSEESAWSTRAWBERRYAUAUTUMNAUGUSTLAURAARWARMQUARTERAWARDOORDOORFLOOROURFOURYOURYOURSAWATERAUGHDAUGHTER16IRBIRDGIRLSHIRTSKIRTFIRSTSIRBIRTHDAYCIRCLEDIRTYTHIRSTYTHIRTEENTHIRDTHIRTYERHERTERMURNURSETURNTHURSDAYPURSEORWORDWORLDWORKWORKEREARLEARNEARLY17OOBOOKCOOKFOOTGOODLOOKFOOTBALLGOODBYECLASSROOMUFULLPULLPUSHPUTSUGARBULLOWOMANWOLFOUWOULDSHOULDCOULD18AABOUTAWAYWOMANPIZZAZEBRACINEMAVEGETABLEBANANAECHILDRENCINEMACAMERAGARDENOCHOCOLATECOMPUTERPOTATOSECONDTODAYTOGETHERTONIGHTWELCOMEIBEAUTIFULAPRILTERRIBLEUAUTUMNDIFFICULTAUGUSTMINUSERAFTERBROTHERCLEVERMOTHERFATHERSISTERDECEMBERDINNERFINGERLETTERNUMBEROCTOBEROVERRIVERRUBBERRULERSUMMERSUPERUNDERWATERWEATHERAFTERNOONSUPERMARKETTROUSERSCOMPUTERORDOCTORMIRRORSCISSORSARSUGARURSATURDAY19OUCLOUDCLOUDYCOUNTHOUSELOUDALOUDMOUSEMOUTHOUTSHOUTROUNDSOUNDSOUTHTROUSERSABOUTOUCHOWCOWHOWNOWBROWNDOWNTOWNWOWBOWOWL20EAREARHEARNEARDEARFEARTEAREERDEERBEERENGINEEREAIDEATHEATREEREHERE21ERETHEREWHEREEARBEARPEARWEAREIRTHEIRAIRAIRCHAIRHAIRPAIRARESHARESQUARECLAREAEAEROPLANE22OYBOYTOYJOYCEOITOILETNOISEPOINTVOICE23THTHINTHREETHANKTHICKTHINGMOUTHBIRTHDAYTOOTHTHINKTHIRDTHURSDAYTHROWBOTHNORTHSOUTHMONTHTHIRTYTHIRSTY24THTHISTHATTHESETHOSETHEYTHEMTHEIRTHERESMOOTHBROTHERFATHERMOTHERWITHCLOTHESTOGETHERWEATHERTHETHEN25CHCHAIRCHICKCHICKENCHILDCHILDRENCHINACHINESECHOCOLATETEACHTEACHERBEACHLUNCHMARCHMUCHPEACHTOUCHWHICHBRANCHTCHWATCHCATCHMATCHKITCHEN26SHSHESHEEPSHINESHIPSHOESHORTSHOULDERSHOWSHUTBRUSHSHOPDISHFISHPUSHWASHWISHENGLISHRUBBISHSSURESUGAR27W/W/WAITWALKWALLWANTWARMWATERWAYWEWEEKWEDNESDAYWELLWESTWETWILDWILLWINWINDWINDOWWINDYWINTERWOMANWORDWORKWORLDWOULDSWIMSWINGSWEEPSWEETAWAYALWAYSWH/W/WHATWHEREWHITEWHYWHICHWHEN28K/K/PARKBASKETBALLASKWORKERBIKEBOOKCOOKDARKLAKELIKELOOKMAKEKITCHENTALKWALKWEEKWORKSKYC/K/CAKECLEANCANCARCOATCOLDCOLOURCOMECOMPUTERCOOKCOOLCOPYCORNCOUNTCOWCUPCUTACTDIFFICULTRECTANGLEOCTOBERSCARFBECAUSEBECOMECHOCOLATEDOCTORPICNICPICTURESECONDCK/K/CHICKCHICKENJACKETBACKCLOCKROCKDUCKKNOCKPICKSOCKSICKQUICKCH/K/SCHOOLCHRISTMASX/KS/BOXFOXSIXTAXITEXTNEXTEXERCISE29L/L/LATELEAFLETLETTERLIGHTLIKELISTENLITTLELIVELOOKLOTLOUDSLIDESLOWEARLYRULERSALADTOILETUGLYOLDFILMMILKWILDBOWLCOOLFEELGIRLPOOLTAILLL/L/HELLOALLBALLTALLDOLLFULLBELLFALLSMELLTELLSMALLWALLWELLWILL30S/S/SADSALADSATURDAYSAYSEASEESEEDSELLSEVENSIXSICKSIRSISTERSITSMARTSMELLSMILESMOOTHSNAKESNOWSNOWYSOSOAPSONSUNSOUPSUNDAYSUNNYAUGUSTBESIDEDESKASKEASTLISTFIRSTMUSTPASTPOSTTASTEBUSMOUSEUSSS/S/CLASSCLASSROOMGLASSMISSMISSGRASSGUESSDRESSCROSSLESSONCI,CE,CY/S/CINEMACIRCLECITYICEDECEMBERFACEJUICEMICENICEOFFICEPIECEPLACERICETWICEVOICEBICYCLE31F/F/FACEFALLFAMILYFANFARMFASTFATFEEDFEELFILMFINDFINEFIRSTFOLDFOODFOOTFOOTBALLFORFOURFOXFULLFUNNYAFTERAFTERNOONOFTENBEFOREGIFTLEFTSOFTHALFKNIFELEAFSCARFFF/F/OFFOFFICECOFFEETRAFFIC注OFFOFPH/F/PHOTOPHOTOGRAPHPHONETELEPHONEGH/F/ROUGH/RF/LAUGH/LF/32CL/KL/CLASSCLEVERCLOUDCLOUDYCLIMBCLOCKCLOSECLOTHESCLARECIRCLEBICYCLE33PL/PL/PLACEPLANEPLANTPLATEPLAYPLUSAPPLEPEOPLEPURPLE34GL/GL/GLASSGLADGLUEGLADYSGLOVESTRIANGLERECTANGLE35BL/BL/BLUEBLACKBLOWTABLE36FL/FL/FLOWERFLYFLOORFLAG37SL/SL/SLOWSLOWLYSLIDE38SK/SK/DESKMASKASKSKATESKATEBOARDSKISKYSCARFSKETCHBOOKSCARLET39SP/SP/WASPCRISPSSPINSPINNERSPIDERSPRINGSPORTSPEAK40ST/ST/TOASTPOSTPOSTMANPASTLASTTASTESTOPSTANDSTARSTAYSTICK41DR/DR/DRYDRESSDRAWDREAMDRIVEDRIVERDRUM42PR/PR/PRINCESSPRINCEPRETTYPRICEPRESENT43CR/KR/CREAMICECREAMCRYCRAYONCROW44TR/TR/TREETRYTRAINTRUETROUSERSTRUCKTRAFFICTRAVELTRIANGLESTREET45H/H/HEHOWHELLOHIHORSEHOUSEHEADHAIRHOLDWH/H/WHOWHOSE46TS/TS/CATSHATSPUTSGETSRATSRABBITSKITESSWEETSPARENTS47S/S/LIKESBIKESTHANKSSTAMPSMAPSCATSHATSRABBITSKITESSWEETS48DS/DZ/BEDSHEADSFRIENDSBIRDSLIZARDSSEEDS49S/Z/USEMUSICEASYVISITKNIVESSEASONCLOSENOSEWALLSSHOESUNCLESBEESFROGSDRIVERSCHICKENSNOODLESBEDSFRIENDSSEEDSHENS50N/N/NINENICEFINETHENNOTNOSETENHENKN/N/KNIFEKNEEKNOCKB51NGSINGWINGSWINGLONGYOUNGTHINGMORNINGSONGWRONGNKTHINKTHANKBANKINKBLANKPINKTRUNKMONKEYNGHUNGRYENGLISH52SUSUALLYUSUALSUREPLEASURESIONTELEVISIONVISION53JJOBJUMPJEEPJAMJIMJACKJUICEJUICYJUDGEJAPANJAPANESEGORANGEAGECAGEPAGEGIRAFFESAUSAGEDGEBRIDGEFRIDGEJUDGE语法1反义词1BIG大的SMALL小的2TALL高的SHORT矮的3LONG长的SHORT短的4FAT胖的THIN瘦的5NEW新的OLD旧的6YOUNG年轻的OLD老的7YES是NO不是8ON在上UNDER在下9HARD硬的SOFT软的10ROUGH粗糙的SMOOTH光滑的11OPEN打开CLOSE关闭12SIT坐STAND站13WHITE白的BLACK黑的14THIS这THAT那15FAST快的SLOW慢的16FAST快地SLOWLY慢地17HOT热的COLD冷的18COOL凉爽的WARM温暖的19COME来GO去20IN在里OUT在外21COMEIN进来GOOUT出去22GOOD好的BAD坏的23CLEAN干净的DIRTY脏的24UP向上DOWN向下25HERE这里THERE那里26HAPPY开心的SAD伤心的27WET湿的DRY干的28PUTON穿上TAKEOFF脱下29THIN细的,薄的THICK粗的,厚的30BEAUTIFUL/NICEUGLY丑的31THESE这些THOSE那些32SWEET甜的BITTER苦的/SOUR/SALTY33AFTER在之后BEFORE在之前34HUNGRY饿的FULL饱的35FULL满的EMPTY空的36AFRAID害怕的BRAVE勇敢的37FUNNY有趣的BORING无聊的38BRIGHT明亮的DARK黑暗的39LIGHT轻的HEAVY重的40BEHIND在后面INFRONTOF在前面41TURNON打开TURNOFF关闭42TURNUP调高TURNDOWN调低43EASY容易的DIFFICULT难的44BUSY忙的FREE空闲的45RIGHT右边LEFT左边46RIGHT对的WRONG错的47ASK问ANSWER回答48SHARP尖的,锋利的BLUNT钝的49STRONG强壮的WEAK虚弱的50MANY许多FEW很少（可数）51MUCH许多LITTLE很少（不可数）52FIRST首先LAST最后53BUY买SELL卖54NORTH北方SOUTH南方55WEST西方EAST东方56语法2人称代词主格宾格所有格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词I我ME我MY我的MINE我的MYSELF我自己YOU你，你们YOU你，你们YOUR你的，你们的YOURS你的，你们的YOURSELF你自己HE他HIM他HIS他的HIS他的HIMSELF他自己SHE她HER她HER她的HERS她的HERSELF她自己IT它IT它ITS它的ITS它的ITSELF它自己WE我们US我们OUR我们的OURS我们的OURSELVES我们自己THEY他们THEM他们THEIR他们的THEIRS他们的THEMSELVES他们自己用法1主格可用于句子的主语，也就是句子里说的是谁，通常在句子的开头。2宾格用作句子的宾语，通常用在介词和行为动词的后面。如LOOKATMELISTENTOHIMAT,TO都是介词，后面用宾格HERESACAKEFORYOUFOR是介词ILIKEPLAYINGWITHHERWITH是介词ILIKETHEMLETUSSINGTOGETHERLIKE,LET都是动词，后面也用宾格CANYOUSEETHEMNO,BUTICANHEARTHEMSEE,HEAR是动词TOUCHITSMELLTHEMTOUCH,SMELL是动词3所有格也叫形容词性物主代词，用来形容某样东西是谁的，中文意思里都有个“的”字，所以不能单独使用，后面一定要加上名词一样东西。如THISISMYDOGMY后面加上了名词DOGOURTEACHERISHAPPYTODAYHISFACEISROUND4名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词，它起名词的作用，在句子中为避免重复使用名词，有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词名词”的形式。在使用名词性物主代词时，必须有特定的语言环境，也就是要省略的名词大家已经知道，在前面已经提起过。如MYBAGISYELLOWHERBAGISREDHISBAGISBLUEANDYOURBAGISPINK可以这样说MYBAGISYELLOWHERSISREDHISISBLUEANDYOURSISPINK语法3动名词动名词也叫现在分词，就是在行为动词后面ING的形式，加了ING后它的词性从动词变成了名词，表示一件事情，它可以用在LIKE或GO的后面，表示喜欢做某件事或去做某件事，也可以用在BE动词后面构成现在进行时态，表示某人正在做某事。要记住双写动名词有这些HOPHOPPINGSKIPSKIPPINGSTOPSTOPPINGSHOPSHOPPINGCLAPCLAPPINGSITSITTINGCUTCUTTINGGETGETTINGPUTPUTTINGSWIMSWIMMINGRUNRUNNINGSPINSPINNINGBEGINBEGINNING开始例ILIKEEATINGHAMBURGERSILIKETOEATHAMBURGERSKITTYLIKESPLAYINGWITHHERCATKITTYLIKESTOPLAYWITHHERCATYOUCANGOSKATINGINWINTERTHECHILDRENGOSWIMMINGINSUMMER语法4可数名词的复数变化形式已学的可数名词单数变复数的形式可以归纳为8种情况1直接S如APPLEAPPLESBOYBOYS2词尾字母是S,X,SH,CH的名词要ES如DRESSDRESSESBOXBOXESFISHFISHESPEACHPEACHES3词尾两个字母是辅音字母Y的名词，要去Y再IES如BABYBABIESBUTTERFLYBUTTERFLIESLIBRARYLIBRARIESFAMILYFAMILIES4词尾字母是F或FE的名词，要去掉F或FE再VES如LEAF叶子LEAVESWOLF狼WOLVESKNIFE小刀KNIVES5单词中的OO变为EE，已学过的记住三个FOOT脚FEETTOOTH牙齿TEETHGOOSE鹅GEESE6把A改成EMANMENSNOWMANSNOWMENPOSTMANPOSTMENPOLICEMANPOLICEMENWOMAN女人WOMEN7特殊变化MOUSEMICECHILDCHILDREN8单复数同形单数和复数是一样的如SHEEPSHEEPDEER小鹿DEERPEOPLE人PEOPLECHINESE中国人CHINESEJAPANESE日本人JAPANESEFISHFISH此时鱼是可数的语法5星期和月份的词汇WEEK星期DAY天,日子YEAR年MONTH月DATE日期星期SUNDAY星期日MONDAY星期一TUESDAY星期二WEDNESDAY星期三THURSDAY星期四FRIDAY星期五SATURDAY星期六记住星期日是一个星期的第一天，而星期六是最后一天月份JANUARY一月FEBRUARY二月MARCH三月APRIL四月MAY五月JUNE六月JULY七月AUGUST八月SEPTEMBER九月OCTOBER十月NOVEMBER十一月DECEMBER十二月语法6基数词和序数词基数词序数词基数词序数词ONE1FIRST第1NINETEEN19NINETEENTH第19TWO2SECOND第2TWENTY20TWENTIETH第20THREE3THIRD第3TWENTYONE21TWENTYFIRST第21FOUR4FOURTH第4TWENTYTWO22TWENTYSECOND第22FIVE5FIFTH第5TWENTYTHREE23TWENTYTHIRD第23SIX6SIXTH第6TWENTYFOUR24TWENTYFOURTH第24SEVEN7SEVENTH第7TWENTYFIVE25TWENTYFIFTH第25EIGHT8EIGHTH第8TWENTYSIX26TWENTYSIXTH第26NINE9NINTH第9TWENTYSEVEN27TWENTYSEVENTH第27TEN10TENTH第10ELEVEN11ELEVENTH第11THIRTY30THIRTIETH第30TWELVE12TWELFTH第12FORTY40FORTIETH第40THIRTEEN13THIRTEENTH第13FIFTY50FIFTIETH第50FOURTEEN14FOURTEENTH第14SIXTY60SIXTIETH第60FIFTEEN15FIFTEENTH第15SEVENTY70SEVENTIETH第70SIXTEEN16SIXTEENTH第16EIGHTY80EIGHTIETH第80SEVENTEEN17SEVENTEENTH第17NINETY90NINETIETH第90EIGHTEEN18EIGHTEENTH第18ONEHUNDRED100ONEHUNDREDTH第100语法7基数词和序数词的用法1基数词用来表示数量，如ONEFLOWER,TWOTREES,THREEBOYS2序数词用来表示顺序，中文意思为“第几”，通常前面要加THE。3大多数序数词是由基数词TH构成，但我们要记住几个特殊的变化形式，其它只要加TH就可以了。4特殊变化的形式有FIRST第一SECOND第二THIRD第三FIFTH第五EIGHTH第八NINTH第九NINE去E加THTWELFTH第十二先把TWELVE的VE改成F再加THTWENTIETH第二十先把TWENTY的Y改成IE再加TH，所有的整十数都是这样改TWENTYFIRST第二十一TWENTYSECOND第二十二TWENTYTHIRD第二十三21以上的两位数的序数词，十位上的数不变，只要个位上的数变成相应的序数词就可以了5序数词常用于日期表达中，日期可以有两种表达方式月份THE序数词如JUNETHEFIRST6/1,JANUARYTHESECOND1/2THE序数词OF月份如THEFIRSTOFJUNE,THESECONDOFJANUARY6介词IN和ON在时间前都表示“在”，具体用法如下在具体某一天用ON，如在星期天ONSUNDAY在六月一日ONJUNETHEFIRST或ONTHEFIRSTOFJUNE在几月份用IN，在什么年份也用IN，如在一月INJANUARY在二月INFEBRUARY在1998年IN19987提问星期几用WHATDAYISIT今天是星期几提问日期几月几号用WHATSTHEDATEDATE日期语法8TOBE句型含有BE动词的句子我们称之为TOBE句型，BE动词有三个，AM,IS,ARE,意思都表示“是”，用法记儿歌我用AM，你用ARE，IS用于他、她、它，我们、你们和他们，表示复数都用ARE。AMI是IS第三人称单数（除了我和你，其他一个人或一样东西，）AREI,YOU和复数改写句子1IAMASTUDENT否定句IAMNOTASTUDENT一般疑问句AREYOUASTUDENT（提问时肯定句中的“我”要改成“你”）肯定回答YES,IAM否定回答NO,IMNOT（问“你”回答用“我”）划线提问WHOISASTUDENTWHO也是三单，BE动词要用IS1划线提问WHATAREYOU你是干什么的WHATDOYOUDO22THESTUDENTISINTHECLASSROOM否定句THESTUDENTISNTINTHECLASSROOM一疑句ISTHESTUDENTINTHECLASSROOM两答YES,HE/SHEISNO,HE/SHEISNT划线提问WHEREISTHESTUDENT3WEARETIRED否定句WEARENTTIRED一疑句AREYOUTIRED提问时要把“我们”变“你们”两答YES,WEARENO,WEARENT问“你们”回答用“我们”划线提问HOWAREYOU或HOWDOYOUFEEL语法9含有HAVE/HAS的句型HAVE/HAS有多种含义，其中最常用的是表示“有”、“吃、喝”、“进行”等，根据不同的意思，改变句型时也会有不同的改法。1当句中的HAVE/HAS表示“有”时，我们称之为TOHAVE句型，此时HAVE/HAS后面无论有没有GOT都可以把HAVE/HAS看作是关键词，改写句子时只要在HAVE/HAS上做文章就可以了。如THESTUDENTSHAVEANEWTEACHER否THESTUDENTSHAVENTANEW1TEACHER一疑HAVETHESTUDENTSANEWTEACHER两答YES,THEYHAVENO,THEYHAVENT划线提问WHOHASANEWTEACHERWHO是三单后面要用HASMYSISTERHASGOTSOMEBOOKS否MYSISTERHASNTGOTANYBOOKS2一疑HASYOURSISTERGOTANYBOOKS两答YES,SHEHASNO,SHEHASNT划线提问WHATHASYOURSISTERGOT2当句中的HAVE/HAS表示一个动作“吃、喝”“进行”“举行”“上课”等意思时，它就是TODO句型，此时HAVE/HAS就是一个动词，不再是关键词，改写句子时就要借助于助动词DO或DOES来进行改写。如WEHAVEAPICNICINSPRING否WEDONTHAVEAPICNICINSPRING1一疑DOYOUHAVEAPICNICINSPRING两答YES,WEDONO,WEDONT划线提问WHATDOYOUDOINSPRING你们在春天干什么两个DO的意思不一样MARYHASSOMEBREAD否MARYDOESNTHAVEANYBREAD注HAS变2HAVE一疑DOESMARYHAVEANYBREAD两答YES,SHEDOESNO,SHEDOESNT划线提问WHATDOESMARYHAVEMARY吃了什么DOES出现HAS变原形HAVE注意点当HAVE/HAS后面有GOT时只能表示“有”，也只能用第1种方式进行改写句子。当HAVE/HAS后面没有GOT但也表示“有”时，用第1、2两种方式都可以改写句子，而当HAVE/HAS表示一个动作时，只能用第2种方式改写句子，大家要学会灵活运用。窍门观察句子中有没有GOT，有GOT的句子HAVE、HAS只能解释为“有”它们就是关键词，没有GOT就把句子当成TODO句型用DO或DOES来改。语法10CAN句型1CAN表示能，会，可以，属于情态动词CAN,MAY,MUST都是情态动词。2肯定句的句子结构主语CAN行为动词原形（主语是指这句话里主要讲谁或什么东西；行为动词是指一个动作）如ICANDRAWAFLOWERI是主语，DRAW是行为动词原形THEBOYSCANPLAYFOOTBALL（THEBOYS是主语，PLAY是动词原形）3否定句主语CANT行为动词原形（CANTCANNOT）如ICANDRAWAFLOWERICANTDRAWAFLOWER4一般疑问句CAN主语行为动词原形（也就是把CAN提前到句子开头就可以了，最后别忘加上问号）回答有两种肯定回答YES,人称代词CAN否定回答NO,人称代词CANT要牢记CAN来提问，CAN来回答。如THEBOYSCANPLAYFOOTBALLCANTHEBOYSPLAYFOOTBALLYES,THEYCAN/NO,THEYCANT5特殊疑问句当划线部分是动词时，要注意在提问时要用DO来代替划线部分出现在问句中。如ICANSINGASONGWHATCANYOUDOTHEBOYSCANDRAWADOGWHATCANTHEBOYSDRAWTHEBOYSCANDRAWADOGWHATCANTHEBOYSDOTHEBOYSCANDRAWADOGWHOCANDRAWADOGMYSISTERCANRIDEABICYCLEONTHEROADWHERECANYOURSISTERRIDEABICYCLE语法11THEREBE句型THEREBE句型表示“在某处有某物”，跟TOHAVE句型的“某人有某物”是有区别的，大家千万别把这两种句型的含义搞错。THEREBE的肯定句结构THEREIS/ARE量词名词地点具体有两种情况1THEREIS后面加可数名词单数或不可数名词。如THEREISANAPPLEONTHEPLATETHEREISSOMEBREADANDSOMEAPPLESONTHETABLEAND连接两样东西时，要用就近原则，也就是只要看AND前面的东西，后面有多少东西都不用管2THEREARE后面加可数名词的复数形式。如THEREARETHREEBOOKSONMYDESKTHEREARETENCHICKSANDAPIGONTHEFARMTHEREBE句型的改写句子否定句在IS或ARE后面加NOT，如遇SOME改成ANY一疑句把IS或ARE提前，如遇SOME也要改成ANY两答YES,THEREIS/ARENO,THEREIS/ARENOT必须用THERE来回答特殊疑问句只有两种1划线部分只是量词时，用HOWMUCH或HOWMANY提问结构HOWMUCH不可数名词ISTHERE地点表示有多少量HOWMANY可数复ARETHERE地点表示有多少个如THEREISSOMEWATERINTHEBOTTLEWATER不可数用HOWMUCH提问HOWMUCHWATERISTHEREINTHEBOTTLE（多少水）THEREISANORANGEBAGONTHECHAIR可数的用HOWMANY提问HOWMANYORANGEBAGSARETHEREONTHECHAIR（有多少个桔色的包）（当提问可数名词的数量时，无论原句是单数还是复数，提问时都要改成复数形式来提问，也就是HOWMANY后面一定要加可数名词的复数。2划线部分是量词和名词时，无论是可数还是不可数，单数还是复数，只用一种结构提问WHATS地点在某地方有什么如THEREISSOMEWATERINTHEBOTTLEWHATSINTHEBOTTLETHEREISANORANGEBAGONTHECHAIRWHATSONTHECHAIRTHEREARETENLOVELYCHICKSUNDERTHETREEWHATSUNDERTHETREE注意点当问句是WHATS地点这个结构时，答句一定要用THEREBE句型如WHATSINYOURHANDTHEREISAPENCIL但如果问句是WHATSTHISINYOURHANDITSAPENCIL问句结构主要是WHATSTHIS不是WHATS地点所以不能用THEREBE句型回答。语法12祈使句1含义祈使句是指命令、要求、请求、建议或劝告某人做某事的句子。它的主语其实是YOU，但通常是省略掉的，只用行为动词的原形来开头，有时会配上PLEASE表示客气、婉转的语气，PLEASE可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾，放在句尾时前面有逗号，。如STANDUP,PLEASEPLEASESTANDUPDOYOURHOMEWORK,PLEASEPLEASEDOYOURHOMEWORKBEQUIET,PLEASEPLEASEBEQUIET请保持安静。QUIET安静的第三句中没有行为动词，只有形容词QUIET，所以这样的句子只能在形容词前配上BE动词原形BE，才能构成祈使句BECAREFUL小心点BEHAPPY开心点2祈使句的否定句只要在行为动词原形前面加上DONT就可以了。如PLEASESTANDUPPLEASEDONTSTANDUPDOYOURHOMEWORK,PLEASE请做你的回家作业。DONTDOYOURHOMEWORK,PLEASE请不要做你的回家作业。BEQUIET,PLEASEDONTBEQUIET,PLEASEPLEASEHAVEANAPPLEPLEASEDONTHAVEANAPPLE（此句中的HAVE意思是“吃”）注意点PLEASE的位置不能随便搬，原句里它在哪儿改好的句子里也在哪儿。语法13TODO句型TODO句型中没有BE动词，没有HAVE/HAS，也没有CAN，它用于叙述一般性的情况和某人的习惯、爱好等，句子结构只是由主语和行为动词组成，不同的主语，行为动词会发生变化。1当主语是第一、二人称以及复数人称时，句子结构肯定句主语行为动词原形其它。IWALKTOSCHOOL否定句主语DONT行为动词原形其它。IDONTWALKTOSCHOOL一疑句DO主语行为动词原形其它DOYOUWALKTOSCHOOL两答YES,人称代词DO/NO,人称代词DONTYES,IDO/NO,IDONT2当主语是第三人称单数时，句子结构肯定句主语行为动词的三单形式S或ES其它。HEWALKSTOSCHOOL否定句主语DOESNT行为动词原形其它。HEDOESNTWALKTOSCHOOL一疑句DOES主语行为动词原形其它DOESHEWALKTOSCHOOL两答YES,人称代词DOES/NO,人称代词DOESNTYES,HEDOES/NO,HEDOESNT记住DO来提问DO来回答，DOES来提问DOES来回答注行为动词的三单形式就是在行为动词后面S或ES，要记住行为动词的三单形式只在主语是三单的肯定句中出现，其它句子中都不会出现的，要注意观察句子的主语是否是三单，另外句子类型是否是肯定句，才可以用行为动词的三单形式。小窍门只要在句中看到DOES，就要把动词的三单形式“打回”原形我们曾经学过的LIKE，WANT，NEED等句型都属于TODO句型语法14改写句子1否定句1先找句中是否有关键词BE动词AM/IS/ARE、HAVE/HAS、或CAN，如果有，只要在这些词后面加上NOT，句中有SOME改成ANY，其它部分照抄就可以了，除了AM和NOT不能进行缩写，其它关键词都可以和NOT进行缩写。ISNOTISNT,ARENOTARENT,HAVENOTHAVENT,HASNOTHASNT,CANNOTCANT2如果句中没有这些关键词，就要判断它是否是TODO句型，如果是TODO句型，就要用助动词DONT或DOESNT来改否定句，除了第三人称单数用DOESNT，其它主语都用DONT来否定，但一定要注意句中只要出现了DOESNT，后面的动词三单形式一定要“打回”原形3如果句中没有关键词但也不是TODO句型，而是祈使句，改否定句只要找到句中的动词原形，在动词原形前面加上DONT，其它部分按照原来的顺序照抄就可以了，注意千万不要自作聪明改变原来句子的顺序如IAMAPUPILIAMNOTAPUPILTHEYAREINTHEPARKTHEYARENTINTHEPARKTHEBOYISSADTHEBOYISNTSADWEHAVEGOTSOMEBREADWEHAVENTGOTANYBREADTHATMANHASGOTMANYBERRIESTHATMANHASNTGOTMANYBERRIESDANNYANDPETERCANSWIMVERYFASTDANNYANDPETERCANTSWIMVERYFASTTHEREISSOMEMILKINTHEBOTTLETHEREISNTANYMILKINTHEBOT