高考名词性从句详细讲解及易错题汇总解析

高考英语名词性从句详细讲解及易错题汇总解析一、名词性从句定义在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类连接词THAT,WHETHER,IF（不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词WHAT,WHATEVER,WHO,WHOEVER,WHOM,WHOSE,WHICH连接副词WHEN,WHERE,HOW,WHY1主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词THAT，WHETHER，IF和连接代词WHAT，WHO，WHICH，WHATEVER，WHOEVER以及连接副词HOW，WHEN，WHERE，WHY等词引导。THAT在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。WHATHEWANTSTOTELLUSISNOTCLEARITISKNOWNTOUSHOWHEBECAMEAWRITERWHERETHEENGLISHEVENINGWILLBEHELDHASNOTYETBEENANNOUNCED有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语IT代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下（1）ITBE名词THAT从句（2）ITBE形容词THAT从句（3）ITBE动词的过去分词THAT从句（4）IT不及物动词THAT从句注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“SHOULDDO”，常用的句型有ITISNECESSARYIMPORTANT,NATURAL,STRANGE,ETCTHATITISAPITYASHAME,NOWONDER,ETCTHATITISSUGGESTEDREQUESTED,PROPOSED,DESIRED,ETCTHAT2宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1由连接词THAT引导的宾语从句由连接词THAT引导宾语从句时，THAT在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的THAT不可省。例如HEHASTOLDMETHATHEWILLGOTOSHANGHAITOMORROWWEMUSTNEVERTHINKTHATWEAREGOODINEVERYTHINGWHILEOTHERSAREGOODINNOTHING注意在DEMAND、ORDER、SUGGEST、DECIDE、INSIST,DESIRE,DEMAND,REQUEST,COMMAND等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（SHOULD）动词原形”。例如IINSISTTHATSHESHOULDDOHERWORKALONETHECOMMANDERORDEREDTHATTROOPSSHOULDSETOFFATONCE2用WHO，WHOM,WHICH,WHOSE,WHAT,WHEN,WHERE,WHY,HOW,WHOEVER,WHATEVER,WHICHEVER等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。IWANTTOKNOWWHATHEHASTOLDYOUSHEALWAYSTHINKSOFHOWSHECANWORKWELLSHEWILLGIVEWHOEVERNEEDSHELPAWARMSUPPORT3用WHETHER或IF引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，WHETHER与IF在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用WHETHER，不用IFA引导主语从句并在句首时；B引导表语从句时；C引导从句作介词宾语时；D从句后有“ORNOT”时；E后接动词不定式时。WHETHERTHEREISLIFEONTHEMOONISANINTERESTINGQUESTIONEVERYTHINGDEPENDSONWHETHERWEHAVEENOUGHMONEY4注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。HESTUDIESENGLISHEVERYDAY（从句用一般现在时）HESTUDIEDENGLISHLASTTERM（从句用一般过去时）IKNOWTHATHEWILLSTUDYENGLISHNEXTYEAR（从句用一般将来时）HEHASSTUDIEDENGLISHSINCE1998（从句用现在完成时）当主句动词是过去时态（COULD,WOULD除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。THETEACHERTOLDUSTHATTOMHADLEFTUSFORAMERICA5THINK,BELIEVE,IMAGINE,SUPPOSE等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。WEDONTTHINKYOUAREHERE我们认为你不在这。IDONTBELIEVEHEWILLDOSO我相信他不会这样做。3表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用ASIF引导。其基本结构为主语系动词THAT从句。THEFACTISTHATWEHAVELOSTTHEGAMETHATISWHYHEDIDNTCOMETOTHEMEETINGITLOOKSASIFITISGOINGTORAIN当主语是REASON时，表语从句要用THAT引导而不是BECAUSE。THEREASONWHYHEWASLATEWASTHATHEMISSEDTHETRAINBYONEMINUTETHISMORNING4同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由THAT引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有ADVICE、DEMAND、DOUBT、FACT、HOPE、IDEA、INFORMATION、MESSAGE、NEWS、ORDER、PROBLEM、PROMISE、QUESTION、REQUEST、SUGGESTION、TRUTH、WISH、WORD等。例如THENEWSTHATWEWONTHEGAMEISEXCITINGIHAVENOIDEAWHENHEWILLCOMEBACKHOMETHETHOUGHTCAMETOHIMTHATMARYHADPROBABLYFALLENILL同位语从句和定语从句的区别THAT作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；THAT引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句IHADNOIDEATHATYOUWEREHERE（THAT引导同位语从句，不能省略）HAVEYOUGOTTHEIDEA（THAT）THISBOOKGIVESYOUOFLIFEINANCIENTGREECE（THAT引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）名词性从句易错题、陷阱题汇总及解析考题1THEPHOTOGRAPHSWILLSHOWYOU_解题思路根据引导词在从句中作介词LIKE的宾语，所以不能用副词HOW，排除C、D，而A项用了疑问句的语序，故选B项。答案B易错警示在陈述句中，简单疑问句作宾语从句时，用陈述语序。考题2HEASKED_FORAVIOLINADIDIPAYHOWMUCHBIPAIDHOWMUCHCHOWMUCHDIDIPAYDHOWMUCHIPAID答案D（二）用IT代替主语从句或宾语从句为了使句子保持平衡，常用先行词IT来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放在后面，尤其是连词THAT引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中，但WHAT,WHATEVER,WHOEVER,WHICHEVER引导的主语从句一般不后置。考题3IHATE_WHENPEOPLETALKWITHTHEIRMOUTHSFULLAITBTHATCTHESEDTHEM解题思路此题考查了IT作先行词代替宾语从句，而把宾语从句放在句末，其他人称代词或指示代词都不能代替从句。答案A易错警示考生如果不仔细，很容易错选B。（三）关联词的区分名词性从句中关联词的选择是非常重要的，所以在高考中更多的是考查关联词的选择问题，而在关联词的选择中，主要侧重以下几个方面的检测。1WHETHER和IF的区别以及WHETHER,IF和THAT的区别。WHETHER和IF在引导宾语从句时一般可以通用，但在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后面的宾语从句时只能用WHETHER,不能用IFWHETHER,IF引导的名词转化而来的，含有疑问意义，而THAT引导的从句是由陈述句转化而来的，不含有疑问意义。考题4WHATTHEDOCTORSREALLYDOUBTIS_MYMOTHERWILLRECOVERFROMTHESEROUSDISEASESOONAWHENBHOWCWHETHERDWHY解题思路这是一个表语从句。根据DOUBT一词可知，所怀疑的应是是否能治好病，所以要填WHETHER这句话的意思是“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是是否能很快从重病中恢复过来”。答案C易错警示易错选B，注意文中表达的是“是否”之意，而非“怎样”。2THAT从句与WH从句的区别THAT连词在从句中不作成分，不含有疑问意义，而WH连词在从句中作成分，且含有疑问意义。考题5_WECANTGETSEEMSBETTERTHAN_WEHAVEAWHATWHATBWHATTHATCTHATTHATDTHATWHAT解题思路此题考查了两个名词性从句，因为从句中都缺宾语，所以都应选WHAT不选，THAT,THAT在引导名词性从句时不作成分。答案A易错警示这里把WHAT和THAT的区别显示得很清楚，考生应牢记。考题6DOYOUREMEMBER_HECAMEYES,IDOHECAMEBYCARAHOWBWHENCTHATDIF解题思路根据答语HECAMEBYCAR可知，问句应是提问方式，所以选择A项HOW答案A易错警示当问及方式、方法、怎样的，应用HOW3WHAT,WHICH,WHO,WHEN,WHERE,HOW等引导的名词性从句与WHATEVER,WHICHEVER,WHOEVER,WHENEVER,WHEREVER,HOWEVER等引导的名词性从句的区别后者引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句而前者引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义。WHO/WHOM,WHOEVER/WHOMEVER的选择，要看关联词在从句中是作主语还是作宾语而定，如果在从句中作主语只能选用WHO/WHOEVER,作宾语时用WHOM/WHOMEVER考题7ITISGENERALLYCONSIDEREDUNWISETOGIVEACHILD_HEORSHEWANTSAHOWEVERBWHATEVERCWHICHEVERDWHENEVER解题思路根据句意可以看出后面的从句应是一个宾语从句，而从句中WANTS缺少宾语，排除A和D，WHICHEVER表示“无论哪一个，无论哪些”，应表示一定范围内的人或物，此处没有涉及事物的范围，所以应选B项WHATEVER，表示“无论什么”。答案B易错警示HOWEVER无论如何。考题8_LEAVESTHEROOMLATOUGHTTOTURNOFFTHELIGHTSAANYONEBTHEPERSONCWHOEVERDWHO解题思路此题不含有疑问意义，所以用WHOEVER引导主语从句，强调“无论谁”。WHOEVER在从句中作主语。答案C易错警示如选B，则应将LEAVES改为LEAVING4WHO,WHAT,WHICH,HOW,WHEN,WHERE之间的词义区别以及WHOEVER,WHATEVER,WHICHEVER,HOWEVER,WHENEVER,WHEREVER等之间的词义区别。这主要从两个方面来区分一是分析句子结构，看其在从句中作什么成分；二是理清其在句中的含义。考题9ACOMPUTERCANONLYDO_YOURHAVEINSTRUCTEDITTODOAHOWBAFTERCWHATDWHEN解题思路根据语境，此处应选一个宾语从句作DO的宾语，因为宾语从句中TODO后面缺少宾语，所以应选C项WHAT这句话的意思是“计算机只能做你指示它做的事情”。答案C易错警示只有WHAT和WHATEVER才有这样的双重身份，能作引导词同时也作宾语从句中的宾语部分。考题10IREADABOUTITINSOMEBOOKOROTHER,DOESITMATTER_ITWASAWHEREBWHATCHOWDWHICH解题思路这是一个主语从句。主语从句中缺少表语。从上句的意思分析，应是哪本书以要填WHICH,这句话的意思是“我在某书中读到过有关这方面的内容，是哪一本书重要吗”答案D易错警示易错选BMATTER是不及物动词，不能直接接WHAT考题11IDROVETOZHUHAIFORTHEAIRSHOWLASTWEEKISTHAT_YOUHADAFEWDAYSOFFAWHYBWHENCWHATDWHERE解题思路根据上句提供的语，下句应该问“那就是你为什么离开几天的原因吗”所以选AWHY引导的表语从句。答案A易错警示HAVEADAYOFF请一天假。考题12ISTILLREMEMBER_THISUSEDTOBEAQUIETPLACEAWHENBHOWCWHEREDWHAT解题思路本题考查宾语从句。根据从句中缺少的句子成分是状语，排除D项WHAT,而B、C句意不通，所以应选A项WHEN本句的意思是“我仍然记得这里在什么时候是个宁静的地方”。答案A易错警示USEDTOBE过去常常是。考题13GOANDGETYOURCOATITS_YOULEFTITAWHEREBTHERECTHEREWHEREDWHERETHERE解题思路本题考查了WHERE引导表语从句的用法。答案A易错警示考生容易误选C，把WHERE看成关系副词引导定语从句。但是THERE是副词，不能有定语从句修饰。5WHATEVER,WHICHEVER,WHOEVER,WHENEVER,WHEREVER,HOWEVER等与NOMATTERWHAT,NOMATTERWHICH,NOMATTERWHO,NOMATTERWHEN,NOMATTERWHERE,NOHOW的区别。前者既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而NOMATTER加疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。考题14SARAHHOPESTOBECOMEAFRIENDOF_SHARESHERINTERESTSAANYONEBWHOMEVERCWHOEVERDNOMATTERWHO解题思路NOMATTER加疑问词只能引导状语从句，不能引导词性从句，排除D,而此处关联词在引导的从句中作主语，所以不选B，应该选C项WHOEVER答案C易错警示WHOMEVER只能在人句中作宾语。考题15_MUCHADVICEIGAVEHIM,HEDIDEXACTLYWHATHEWANTEDTODOAHOWBWHATEVERCHOWEVERDNOMATTER解题思路这是一个让步状语从句。这句话的意思是“无论我给他多少劝告，他却完全按他所想的去做”。不能填HOW,因为HOW只能引导名词性从句，不能引导让步状语从句，此处HOWEVER相当于NOMATTERHOW引导让步状语从句。答案C易错警示ADVICE是不可数名词，考生在做此题时要留心。典型陷阱题分析1SHEWASSOANGRYANDSPOKESOFASTTHATNONEOFUSUNDERSTOOD_HESAIDMEANTATHATBWHATCTHATTHATDWHATWHAT【分析】正确答案选D第一个WHAT用作动词MEANT的宾语，第二个WHAT用作动词SAID的宾语，即在NONEOFUSUNDERSTOODWHATWHATHESAIDMEANT中，NONEOFUSUNDERSTOOD为主句，WHATWHATHESAIDMEANT为宾语从句，而在此宾语从句中又包括有WHATHESAID这样一个主语从句。【分析】最佳答案选C有的同学误选A，是因为认为介词后应接关系代词WHICH，但实际上，若填关系代词，其前没有先行词，这根据不是一个定语从句。另外，由于HADHAPPENED缺主语，所以B和D也不能选。请再做下面一题（答案选B）HEPOINTEDTO_LOOKEDLIKEATOMBANDSAID,“GHOST”ATHATBWHATCWHICHDAS3“IS_YOUWANTTOSAY”ASKEDTHETEACHERATHISBTHATCALLTHATDTHATALL【分析】最佳答案选D假若选A或B，那么转换成陈述句即为THISISYOUWANTTOSAY/THATISYOUWANTTOSAY显然句中的两个谓语动词IS与WANT相冲突。选D组成的句子是ISTHATALLYOUWANTTOSAY其中的THAT为句子主语，ALL为表语，YOUWANTTOSAY为定语从句，用以修饰ALL【分析】最佳答案选B第一个WHEN引出的是一个特殊疑问句，故用疑问词序；第二个WHEN引出的是主语从句，故其后用陈述句词序。请做以下试题（答案选C）（1）NONEKNOWSIF_THATBOY,BUTIF_HIM,HERPARENTSWILLBEDISAPPOINTEDASHEWILLMARRY,SHEWILLMARRYBSHEMARRIES,SHEMARRIESCSHEWILLMARRY,SHEMARRIESDSHEMARRIES,SHEWILLMARRY（2）“WHERE_GOTOWORK”“WHERE_GOTOWORKISNOTKNOWN”AWESHALL,WESHALLBSHALLWE,SHALLWECSHALLWE,WESHALLDWESHALL,SHALLWE5SOMEONEISRINGINGTHEDOORBELLGOANDSEE_AWHOISHEBWHOHEISCWHOISITDWHOITIS【分析】此题最佳答案为D首先可以排除A和C，因为空格处实为一个宾语从句，所以不能用疑问句词序。另一方面，但按英语习惯，当用于指代身份不明的人时，要用代词IT，而不用HE或SHE等。比较以下两句MRSMITHISATTHEDOORHEWANTSTOSEEYOU史密斯先生在门口，他想见你。SOMEONEISATTHEDOORITMAYBETHEPOSTMAN有个人在门口，可能是邮递员。第一句因前面指明了是MRSMITH，所以后面用代词HE；而第二句因前面用的是不定代词SOMEONE，说明此人身份尚不明确，故其后用了代词IT来指代。6DONTYOUKNOW,MYDEARFRIEND,_ITISYOURMONEYNOTYOUTHATSHELOVESAWHOBWHICHCTHATDWHAT【分析】其实答案应选CTHAT引导的是一个宾语从句，用作动词KNOW的宾语，它只是被句中的插入语MYDEARFRIEND隔开罢了。请做以下试题（答案均为C）（1）EVERYONEKNOWS,PERHAPSEXCEPTYOU,_YOURGIRLFRIENDISACHEATAWHOBWHICHCTHATDWHAT（2）ITHINK,THOUGHICOULDBEMISTAKEN,_SHELIKEDMEAWHOBWHICHCTHATDWHAT（3）HETOLDMETHENEWS,BELIEVEITORNOT,_HEHADEARNED1000INASINGLEDAYATHATBWHICHCASDBECAUSE前面两题THAT引导宾语从句，后面一题THAT同位语从句（修饰THENEWS）。1SHEWASSOANGRYANDSPOKESOFASTTHATNONEOFUSUNDERSTOOD_HESAIDMEANTATHATBWHATCTHATTHATDWHATWHAT2AFTER_HADHAPPENEDHECOULDNOTCONTINUETOWORKTHEREAWHICHBHOWCWHATDHAVING3“IS_YOUWANTTOSAY”ASKEDTHETEACHERATHISBTHATCALLTHATDTHATALL4“WHEN_LEAVEFORJAPAN”“WHEN_LEAVEFORJAPANISKEPTSECRET”ATHEYWILL,WILLTHEYBWILLTHEY,THEYWILLCTHEYWILL,THEYWILLDWILLTHEY,WILLTHEY5SOMEONEISRINGINGTHEDOORBELLGOANDSEE_AWHOISHEBWHOHEISCWHOISITDWHOITIS6DONTYOUKNOW,MYDEARFRIEND,_ITISYOURMONEYNOTYOUTHATSHELOVESAWHOBWHICHCTHATDWHAT精编陷阱题训练1THEYLOSTTHEIRWAYINTHEFOREST,AND_MADEMATTERSWORSEWASTHATNIGHTBEGANTOFALLAITBWHICHCTHATDWHAT2PATIENCEISAKINDOFQUALITYANDTHATIS_A_ITTAKESTODOANYTHINGWELLAWHATBWHICHCWHICHDHOW3ITHASCOMETOMYNOTICE_SOMEOFYOUHAVEMISSEDCLASSESAWHATBWHICHCTHATDWHEN4“WHATWEREYOUTRYINGTOPROVETOTHEPOLICE”“_IWASLASTNIGHT”ATHATBWHENCWHEREDWHAT5COUNTRYLIFEGIVESHIMPEACEANDQUIET,WHICHIS_HECANTENJOYWHILELIVINGINBIGCITIESATHATBWHYCWHEREDWHAT6ITISPRETTYWELLUNDERSTOOD_CONTROLSTHEFLOWOFCARBONDIOXIDEINANDOUTTHEATMOSPHERETODAYATHATBWHENCWHATDHOW7_SHECOULDNTUNDERSTANDWAS_FEWERANDFEWERSTUDENTSSHOWEDINTERESTINHERLESSONSAWHATWHYBTHATWHATCWHATBECAUSEDWHYTHAT8_WEAREDOINGHASNEVERBEENDONEBEFOREATHATBWHATCWHICHDWHETHER9PEOPLEHAVEHEARD_THEPRESIDENTHASSAIDTHEYAREWAITINGTOSEE_HEWILLDOAHOW,HOWBWHAT,WHATCWHEN,HOWDTHAT,WHAT10WHENYOUANSWERQUESTIONSINAJOBINTERVIEW,PLEASEREMEMBERTHEGOLDENRULEALWAYSGIVETHEMONKEYEXACTLY_HEWANTSAWHATBWHICHCWHENDTHAT11THESEWILDFLOWERSARESOSPECIALIWOULDDO_ICANTOSAVETHEMAWHATEVERBTHATCWHICHDWHICHEVER12_SHEWASINVITEDTOTHEBALLMADEHERVERYHAPPYAWHATBTHATCWHENDBECAUSE13EAT_CAKEYOULIKEANDLEAVETHEOTHERSFOR_COMESINLATEAANY,WHOBEVERY,WHOEVERCWHICHEVER,WHOEVERDEITHER,WHOEVER14IHADNEITHERARAINCOATNORANUMBRELLA_IGOTWETTHROUGHAITSTHEREASONBTHATSWHYCTHERESWHYDTHATSBECAUSE15_HASHELPEDTOSAVETHEDROWNINGGIRLISWORTHPRAISINGAWHOBTHEONECANYONEDWHOEVER16_MEDICINEWORKSINAHUMANBODYISAQUESTION_NOTEVERYONECANUNDERSTANDFULLYAHOWTHATBTHATWHICHCTHATWHICHDWHATTHAT17IGOTWETALLTHROUGH_IHADNEITHERARAINCOATNORANUMBRELLAAITSTHEREASONBTHATSWHYCTHERESWHYDTHATSBECAUSE18“_MADEHERSTRUGGLETOBECOMEANARTISTSOHARD”“_SHEWASAWOMAN”AWHAT,WHATBTHAT,THATCWHAT,THATDTHAT,WHAT答案与解析1选DWHATMADEMAT