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附录ABOUTHYDRAULICEXCAVATORTHEHYDRAULICEXCAVATORPLAYSAGREATROLEASREPRESENTATIVESOFENGINEERINGMACHINERYPRODUCTSINTHESOCIALCONSTRUCTION,WHICHISWIDELYUSEDINTHEWORKINGSTRENGTH,THECONSTRUCTIONQUALITYANDIMPROVEDLABORPRODUCTIVITYHAVINGAVERYSIGNIFICANTROLE,ESPECIALLYFULLYHYDRAULICEXCAVATORITISTHEKEYFACTORTHATEXCAVATORWORKINGDEVICE’PERFORMANCEDECIDETOWORKEFFICIENCYITSDESIGNDIRECTLYDETERMINESTHELEVELOFPERFORMANCEOFTHEEXCAVATORTHEMACHINEISATYPICALWORKDEVICEACCORDINGTOMECHANICALANDHYDRAULICCOMPONENTSFROMTHETWOASPECTSOFCOMPREHENSIVECONSIDERATIONUNDOUBTEDLY,IMPROVINGITSPERFORMANCEISREASONABLEANDMETHODOFWISDOMHYDRAULICSYSTEMANDPOWERSYSTEMARETHEMOSTIMPORTANTHYDRAULICEXCAVATOR,ITSCORESYSTEMISTHEBIGGESTINTHECOSTOFTHEPROPORTIONHYDRAULICSYSTEMISASATRANSMISSIONANDENERGYDISTRIBUTIONSYSTEMTODETERMINETHEDRIVERMOSTOFTHEOPERATINGEXPERIENCEDIRECTLYCURRENTLYMAINLYFOCUSEONINDUSTRYINHYDRAULICSYSTEMINSEVERALASPECTSOFTHEROLEINEXCAVATORS1THEHANDLINGCHARACTERISTICSANDFLOWDISTRIBUTION；2SAVINGENERGY；3THEENERGYDENSITYANDRELIABILITYACOMPLETEHYDRAULICSYSTEMCONSISTSOFFIVEPARTS,NAMELY,POWERCOMPONENTS,THEIMPLEMENTATIONOFCOMPONENTS,CONTROLCOMPONENTS,AUXILIARYCOMPONENTSANNEXANDTHEHYDRAULICOILTHEROLEOFDYNAMICCOMPONENTSISTHEORIGINALMOTIVATIONOFTHEMECHANICALENERGYINTOFLUIDPRESSUREENERGY,THEHYDRAULICSYSTEMOFPUMPS,WHICHPROVIDEPOWERTOTHEENTIREHYDRAULICSYSTEMSTRUCTUREOFHYDRAULICPUMPSGENERALLYHAVEGEARPUMPS,VANEPUMPSANDPISTONPUMPSIMPLEMENTATIONOFCOMPONENTSSUCHASHYDRAULICCYLINDERSANDHYDRAULICMOTORSISTOPRESSURETHELIQUIDCANBECONVERTEDTOMECHANICALENERGYTODRIVETHELOADFORALINEARRECIPROCATINGMOVEMENTORROTATIONALMOVEMENTCONTROLCOMPONENTSIEALLKINDSOFHYDRAULICVALVESINTHEHYDRAULICSYSTEMCONTROLANDREGULATIONOFFLUIDPRESSURE,FLOWANDDIRECTIONACCORDINGTOTHEDIFFERENTCONTROLFUNCTIONS,HYDRAULICVALVESCANBEDIVIDEDINTOPRESSURECONTROLVALVES,FLOWCONTROLVALVESANDDIRECTIONALCONTROLVALVEPRESSURECONTROLVALVEISDIVIDEDINTOBENEFITSFLOWVALVESAFETYVALVE,PRESSURERELIEFVALVE,SEQUENCEVALVE,PRESSURESWITCH,ETC；FLOWCONTROLVALVESINCLUDINGTHROTTLE,ADJUSTINGVALVES,FLOWDIVERSIONVALVEASSEMBLY；DIRECTIONALCONTROLVALVEINCLUDESACHECKVALVE,CHECKVALVE,SHUTTLEVALVE,VALVEANDSOONUNDERTHECONTROLOFDIFFERENTWAYS,HYDRAULICVALVESCANBEDIVIDEDINTOSWITCHINGCONTROLVALVES,CONTROLVALVESANDTHEFIXEDVALUEPROPORTIONALCONTROLVALVEAUXILIARYCOMPONENTS,INCLUDINGFUELTANKS,FILTERS,TUBINGANDPIPEJOINTS,SEALS,QUICKCOUPLINGS,HIGHPRESSUREBALLVALVE,HOSEASSEMBLY,PRESSUREFITTINGS,PRESSUREGAUGE,OILLEVEL,OILTEMPERATUREMETERANDSOONHYDRAULICSYSTEMOFHYDRAULICOILISTHEWORKOFTHEENERGYTRANSFERMEDIUM,AVARIETYOFMINERALOIL,EMULSION,OILHYDRAULICMOLDINGHOPCATEGORIESTHEQUALITYOFAHYDRAULICSYSTEMDEPENDSNOTONLYONTHERATIONALDESIGNANDPERFORMANCEOFTHEMERITSOFSYSTEMCOMPONENTS,BUTALSOBECAUSEOFTHEPOLLUTIONPREVENTIONANDTREATMENTSYSTEM,THESYSTEMOFPOLLUTIONDIRECTLYAFFECTSTHERELIABILITYOFHYDRAULICSYSTEMSANDCOMPONENTSOFWORKLIFE,ACCORDINGTOSTATISTICS,THEHYDRAULICSYSTEMFAILUREATHOMEANDABROADABOUT70WEREDUETOPOLLUTIONCAUSEDOILPOLLUTIONDAMAGEFOLLOWINGMAINELEMENTSOFTHESYSTEM1THECOMPONENTSOFTHEPOLLUTIONOFWEARANDTEAR，OILCOMPONENTSOFVARIOUSPOLLUTANTSCAUSEVARIOUSFORMSOFWEAR,THESOLIDPARTICLESINTOMOTIONPAIRGAP,CUTTINGTHEPARTSURFACEWEARORFATIGUEWEARHIGHSPEEDFLOWOFSOLIDPARTICLESONTHESURFACEOFCOMPONENTSCAUSEDBYTHEIMPACTOFEROSIONOILINTHEWATERANDTHERESULTANTDETERIORATIONOFOILOXIDATIONCORROSIONOFTHECOMPONENTSPRODUCEDINADDITION,THESYSTEMSOILINTHEAIRCAUSEDCAVITATION,RESULTINGINSURFACEEROSIONANDDESTRUCTIONOFCOMPONENTS2BLOCKANDTHECLAMPINGDEVICEFAILURE，SOLIDPARTICLESPLUGTHEGAPANDTHEHYDRAULICVALVEORIFICE,CAUSINGOBSTRUCTIONANDCLAMPINGTHESPOOLANDAFFECTPERFORMANCE,OREVENRESULTINSERIOUSACCIDENTS3TOACCELERATETHEDETERIORATIONOFOILPROPERTIES，OILINTHEWATERANDAIRFORITSTHERMALOXIDATIONOFTHEMAINCONDITIONSISTHEOIL,ANDOILINTHEOXIDATIONOFMETALPARTICLESONTHEOILPLAYANIMPORTANTCATALYTICROLE,INADDITION,THEOILBUBBLESINTHEWATERANDSUSPENDEDDEPUTYCAMPAIGNSIGNIFICANTLYREDUCEDBETWEENTHEFILMSSTRENGTH,THELUBRICATIONPERFORMANCEBEFOREASYSTEMISPUTINTOTHEGENERALTOGOTHROUGHTHEWASH,RINSEAIMISTOREMOVERESIDUALCONTAMINANTSINTHESYSTEM,METALSCRAP,FIBERCOMPOUNDS,CORE,ETC,INTHEFIRSTTWOHOURSOFWORK,EVENIFNOTCOMPLETELYCORRUPTSYSTEM,ALSOCAUSEASERIESOFFAILURESTHEREFORE,THEFOLLOWINGSTEPSSHOULDBEOILCLEANINGSYSTEM1WITHAEASYTOCLEANDRYCLEANINGSOLVENTTANK,ANDTHENFILTEREDCLEANAIRSOLVENTRESIDUE；2ALLPIPECLEANINGSYSTEM,INSOMECASESNEEDTOBEIMPREGNATEDPIPEANDFITTINGS；3AREINSTALLEDWITHTHEOILFILTERINTHEPIPELINETOPROTECTTHEOILPIPELINEVALVESANDPRESSURELINES；4SETAWASHCOATCONVERTERBOARDTOREPLACETHEPRECISIONVALVES,SUCHASELECTROHYDRAULICSERVOVALVE；5CHECKALLPIPINGSIZEISAPPROPRIATE,THECONNECTIONISCORRECTIFTHESYSTEMUSEDHYDRAULICSERVOVALVE,IMIGHTSAYAFEWWORDS,THESERVOVALVEWASWASHEDPLATETOMAKETHEFLOWOFOILFROMTHEOILPIPELINESETOFCONVERTERS,ANDDIRECTRETURNTOTANK,SOTHATOILCANFLOWAGAINTOFLUSHINGSYSTEM,SOTHATTHEOILFILTERTOFILTEROUTSOLIDPARTICLES,WASHINGPROCESS,NOTEVERY1TO2HOURSTOCHECKTHEOILFILTER,OILFILTERTOPREVENTCLOGGINGBYCONTAMINANTS,DONOTOPENTHEBYPASSATTHISTIME,IFTHESTARTINGBLOCKTOFINDTHEOILFILTERFILTEROILCHANGESOONRINSECYCLEBYTHESYSTEMSSTRUCTUREANDSYSTEMSTODETERMINETHEDEGREEOFPOLLUTION,IFTHEFILTERMEDIAISABSENTORVERYFEWSPECIMENSOFEXTERNALCONTAMINANTS,THENINSTALLEDANEWOILFILTER,REMOVETHEFLUSHPLATE,FITTEDWITHVALVEWORKPLANNEDMAINTENANCEREGULARMAINTENANCEOFTHESYSTEMCREATEASYSTEMFORBETTERMAINTENANCEOFTHEHYDRAULICSYSTEMFOLLOWINGRECOMMENDATIONS1UPTO500HOURSORTHREEMONTHSWILLCHECKANDREPLACEFLUIDS2REGULARWASHINGOFTHEIMPORTEDOILFILTERPUMP3CHECKTHEHYDRAULICOILOROTHERPOLLUTANTSBYACIDIFICATIONOFTHESITUATION,THESMELLOFHYDRAULICOILCANGENERALLYIDENTIFYWHETHERTHEDETERIORATION4REPAIRLEAKINYOURSYSTEM5ENSURETHATNOFOREIGNPARTICLESFROMTHEFUELTANKBREATHERCAP,OILFILTERINTHEPLUGSEAT,RETURNLINEGASKET,ANDOTHEROPENINGSINTOTHEFUELTANKFUELTANKLEAKAGEOFTHEHYDRAULICSYSTEMANDCONTROLOFHAZARDSFIRST,THEREASONSFORTHELEAKAGEOFHYDRAULICSYSTEM1DESIGNANDMANUFACTURINGDEFECTSCAUSEDBY；2SHOCKANDVIBRATIONCAUSEDBYLOOSEFITTINGS；3DYNAMICSEALSANDWEAREACHOTHERWITHTHEPIECESPARTICULARLYTHEHYDRAULICCYLINDER；4HIGHOILANDRUBBERSEALDETERIORATIONANDHYDRAULICOILINCOMPATIBILITYTHEFOLLOWINGCOMBINATIONOFTHEABOVEASPECTSTOLOOKATTHECONTROLOFLEAKAGEMEASURESSECOND,CONTROLTHELEAKAGEOFTHEHYDRAULICSYSTEMCONTROLSCHEMECHOICEOFHYDRAULICCOMPONENTSOUTSIDETHEPACKAGELEAKINTHEHYDRAULICSYSTEMOFTENPLAYSADECISIVEIMPACTTHISDETERMINESOURTECHNICALSTAFFINTHENEWPRODUCTDESIGN,IMPROVEMENTOFOLDPRODUCTS,TOTANKS,PUMPS,VALVES,SEALS,HYDRAULICACCESSORIESSUCHASTHECHOICEOFSELECTINGTHEBESTTOTHESPIRITOFGOOD,EXCELLENTCHOICEOFCHEAPERPRUDENTPRINCIPLE,ACOMPARISONTOINTHERIGIDSTATICSEALSTOPREVENTOILLEAKAGEBETWEENTHEFIXEDSURFACERATIONALDESIGNOFSEALINGGROOVEDIMENSIONSANDTOLERANCES,SOTHATAFTERINSTALLATIONOFTHESEALTOBESQUEEZEDINORDERTOSTUFFWITHTHEDEFORMATIONMICROSTRUCTUREOFTHESURFACEDEPRESSION,ANDTOSEALTHEINTERNALSTRESSINCREASEDTOHIGHERTHANTHEPRESSURETOBESEALEDWHENTHEPARTSTIFFNESSISNOTBIGENOUGHORWHENTHEBOLTPRELOAD,WITHTHESURFACEUNDERPRESSUREINTHESEPARATIONOFOIL,CAUSINGTHESEALINGSURFACEOFTHEGAPORINCREASETHELEVELMAYNOTEXISTFROMTHEBEGINNINGTOTHEGAPASWITHTHESURFACEOFTHEMOVEMENT,BECAMEADYNAMICSEALSTATICSEALROUGHSURFACEWILLBEWORNWITHTHESEAL,THEGAPCHANGESWILLERODETHEEDGESEALPREMATURESEALDETERIORATIONMAYBECAUSEDBYMANYFACTORS,ONEIMPORTANTFACTORISTHEOILTEMPERATUREISTOOHIGH10℃THETEMPERATUREINCREASESSEALLIFEWILLBEHALVED,ITSHOULDBERATIONALANDEFFICIENTDESIGNOFHYDRAULICSYSTEMSORCOOLINGDEVICE,THEOPTIMALOILTEMPERATUREISKEPTBELOW65℃；CONSTRUCTIONMACHINERYSHOULDNEVEREXCEED80℃；ANOTHERFACTORMAYBEUSEDINOILANDSEALINGMATERIALCOMPATIBILITYISSUES,SHOULDBESELECTEDUSINGTHEMANUALORTHEMANUALHYDRAULICOILANDSEALSOFTHETYPEANDMATERIAL,TOADDRESSCOMPATIBILITYISSUES,EXTENDTHESEALLIFETHEHANDLINGCHARACTERISTICSANDFLOWDISTRIBUTIONAREACOUPLEOFMUTUALINFLUENCEFACTORSINTHEPILOTFLUIDCONTROLCONDITION,EACHOFTHEFLOWOFOILINDEPENDENCEANDCONTROLPROPERTIESEFFECTEACHOTHERTHEREAREOFTENGENERALREQUIREMENTLIQUIDPILOTHANDLEWITHCORRESPONDINGINTUITIVEFEELINGSORMOTOROILCYLINDER,WHICHISTHEMOVEMENTOFLINEARRELATIONSHIP,SUCHOPERATORISVERYEASYTOUSEONTHEOTHERHAND,ASETOFSYSTEMINTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHENUMBERAREGREATERTHANTHENUMBEROFINDEPENDENTOILSOURCECONNECTINGTHESAMEOILSOURCEOFACTUATORSWILLHAVEMUTUALINFLUENCEANDDESTROYTHEINDEPENDENTCONTROLPROPERTIESWHENTHEYAREMUTUALMOVEMENTJAPANKOMATSU1990SHASBEENCOMMITTEDTOTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEOPENSYSTEM,USINGATHREESIXWAYVALVEOFTHETWOSTEPSOILINLETOFCHANNELANDBYPASSOILINGOFCHANNELFORTHROTTLINGCONTROLBYPASSVALVECOREDISPLACEMENTOFTHESYSTEMWITHACTUALOUTPUTFLOW,ANDALSOTHECOMPLEXRELATIONSHIPBYLOADANDOILSOURCE,THATCONTROLSANDMICROPERFORMANCEARENOTGOOD,ANDCAN’TSOLVETHEACTUALUSEOFCOMPOSITEACTIONNEEDSBECAUSEOFTHEINPUTANDOUTPUTFLOWHANDLESCANNOTKEEPCERTAINCHANGESINTHEOPENSYSTEMEQUIPMENTFOREXCAVATORSKILLEDDRIVERSOPERATEUPISNOTAEASYTHINGDUETOOPENSYSTEMISNOTSUITABLEFOREXCAVATOR,THENAPPEARCLOSETYPESPRINKLERSYSTEM,WHICHUSEPRESSURECOMPENSATIONMETHODFORREALIZATIONOFOILPRESSUREANDCANUSEAPOOROILSOURCETOSUPPLYALLACTUATORSEACHACTUATORWITHTHESPEEDOFONLYMANOEUVRINGVALVESTEMTRAVELRELATEDWHILETHEYARECOMPOSITEACTION,THEYAREEACHMUTUALSMALLINTERFERENCEINTHEACTUATORFLOWOFOIL,FUELOILUSINGSUPPLEMENTACCELERATETHESPEEDOFOILTANKFOROILREGENERATIONFORMORESENIORORHAVESPECIALDEMAND,OFTENBYUSEOFSYSTEM、ELECTROMAGNETISM、PNEUMATICSERVOCONTROL﹑COMPUTERPROGRAMCONTROLOFMOREADVANCEDCONTROLMEANSTOREALIZEHYDRAULICLEADINGLEVELREPLACEMENTMOREAUTOMATIONANDMORECOMPLEXOPERATIONNEEDSCURRENTEXCAVATORHYDRAULICSYSTEMISTOADJUSTTHEMAINIDEAOFTHEENERGYFLOWOFTHEPUMPASCLOSETOLOADDEMANDSOTHATITISNOTTOOMANYOVERFLOWLOSSTYPICALLYUSINGLOADPRESSURECHANGESFEEDBACKTOADJUSTTHEVARIABLEPUMPASTHEANGLEOFINCLININGDISHOFPUMPFLOWCONTROLOUTPUTFORPUMPFROMTHEMOUTHPACTUATORUSEDSHOULDBELOADSOFFEEDBACKCONTROLOILPUMPPRESSUREPOSITIONFORENERGYSAVINGSYSTEMALSOHASEFFECTONTHEPERFORMANCEOFCOMMONLOADSENSORSYSTEM,ISDIRECTLYPUMPOUTLETPRESSURECONTROL,THESYSTEMOFTHEINCLINEDPLATEISVERYCLOSETOPUMPPRESSUREFEEDBACKFROMTHEFEEDBACKLOOPMAYBEMADEWITHTHEPUMPOF,MAKESPEEDTHROTTLINGLOSSOFPRESSUREDIFFERENCEISSMALL,MICROTRAINPGOODPERFORMANCEANOTHERKINDOFPOWERCONTROLFEEDBACKCONTROLVALVE,PRESSUREFROMFROMACTUATORS,REPRESENTEDBYJAPANESEMANUFACTUREROFNEGATIVEFLOWSYSTEMISUSINGTHISFORM,ITSADVANTAGEISMAINLYTOTHELOADQUICKERRESPONS
