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英文全文THEMAZDASPEEDSENSINGCOMPUTERISED4WHEELSTEERINGSYSTEMTHEMAZDASPEEDSENSINGCOMPUTERISED4WHEELSTEERINGTHEMAZDASPEEDSENSINGCOMPUTERISED4WHEELSTEERINGSYSTEMTHREEANDAHALFDECADESAGO,WELLCALCULATEDCONCLUSIONTHATPRESENTATIONCONFERENCE,ATTHEOCTOBER26,TWOYOUNGMAZDADESIGNERSARRIVEDATAFARSIGHTEDANDWASQUITEREVOLUTIONARYFORTHETIMEINTHEIRTECHNICAL1962JAPANESEAUTOMOTIVEENGINEERSSOCIETYTECHNICALDRTADASHIOKADACONCERNINGVEHICLEDYNAMICSASANDENGINEERTOSHIAKISUMMARISEDTHEIRARDUOUSRESEARCHFOLLOWS1THEBASICDIFFERENCEINTHECHARACTERISTICSOFOVERSTEERANDUNDERSTEERLIESINTHEMAGNITUDEOFTIMEDELAYANDRESPONSE2AVEHICLETHATISSTABLEUNDERHIGHSPEEDMUSTPOSSESSUNDERSTEERCHARACTERISTICS3THEREARWHEELTYREREFLECTSHEAVILYONTHESTABILITYANDAMAJORIMPROVEMENTONCONTROLANDSTABILITYMAYBEANTICIPATEDBYMEANSOFTHEAUTOMATICREARWHEELSTEERINGSYSTEMTHECONCLUSIONSANDFORMULATIONSPRESENTEDBYTHESETWOENGINEERSESTABLISHEDTHEFOUNDATIONFORMAZDASPRESENTDAYREPUTEDSUSPENSIONTECHNOLOGYOVERYEARSOFDEDICATEDRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTEXPERTISE,THEIRORIGINALDISCOVERIESANDTHEORIESHAVECONTRIBUTEDTOSOMEOFTHEMOSTSIGNIFICANTACHIEVEMENTSWITHINTHERECENTHISTORYOFAUTOMOTIVECHASSISENGINEERING,INCORPORATEDBYMAZDAWITHINITSSERIESPRODUCTIONPRODUCTSTHESEDEVELOPMENTSINCLUDETHETWINTRAPEZOIDALLINKREARSUSPENSION,FIRSTEMPLOYEDINTHEORIGINALFRONTWHEELDRIVEMAZDA3231980ANDTHEMAZDA6261982},ANDTHENPERFECTEDWITHINTHEUPDATEDMAZD626；THEAWARDWINNINGDYNAMICTRACKINGSUSPENSIONSYSTEMOFTHESECONDGENERATIONMAZDARX71985；ANDTHEELABORATEELINKREARSUSPENSIONOFTHENEWMAZDA9291987WHILEVARIOUSEXTERNALFORCESANDLOADSAREEXERTEDTOTHEREARWHEELSOFAVEHICLEASITCOMBATSTHEELEMENTSOFTHELAWOFMOTIONASDEFINEDBYSIRISAACNEWTON,THESENEWSUSPENSIONSYSTEMSCONVERTTHOSEFORCESINTO4WSEFFECTSWHICHPOSITIVELYAIDINVEHICLESTABILITYANDAGILITYTHEMAZDADESIGNERSANDENGINEERSULTIMATEGOALWASSTILLAPOSITIVEMEASURETOGENERATEFORCESFORPOSITIVECONTROLS；AFOURWHEELSTEERINGSYSTEMIN1983,MAZDAASTONISHEDTHEAUTOMOTIVEWORLDWITHTHEINTRODUCTIONOFANENGINEERINGCONCEPTCAR,THEMX02,EXHIBITEDATTHETOKYOMOTORSHOWTHISFOURDOORSEDAN,WITHGENEROUSPASSENGERACCOMMODATIONONANUNUSUALLYLONGWHEELBASE,INCORPORATEDAMONGITSNUMEROUSADVANCEDFEATURESATRUE4WSSYSTEMTHATAIDEDHIGHSPEEDSTABILITYASWELLASITSLOWSPEEDMANOEUVRINGTHEDEGREEOFREARWHEELSTEERINGWASDETERMINEDBYTHEMEASUREMENTOFBOTHFRONTWHEELSTEERINGANGLEANDVEHICLESPEED,BYMEANSOFACENTRALCOMPUTERUNITTHEMX02WASFOLLOWEDBYANOTHEREXCITINGCONCEPTCAR；THEMX03,FIRSTEXHIBITEDATTHEFRANKFURTMOTORSHOWINSEPTEMBER1985THISSLEEKFOURSEATFUTURISTICCOUPEOFTHE1990SCOMBINEDAREFINEDELECTRONICALLYCONTROLLED4WSSYSTEMWITHACONTINUALLYVARYINGTORQUESPLIT,FOURWHEELDRIVESYSTEMANDAPOWERFULTHREEROTARYENGINEMAZDAELECTRONICALLY一CONTROLLEDFOURWHEELSTEERINGSYSTEMABENEFICIALTECHNOLOGYMAZDASELECTRONICALLYCONTROLLED,VEHICLESPEEDSENSINGFOURWHEELSTEERINGSYSTEM4WS}STEERSTHEREARWHEELSINADIRECTIONANDTOADEGREEMOSTSUITEDTOACORRESPONDINGVEHICLESPEEDRANGETHESYSTEMISMECHANICALLYANDHYDRAULICALLYACTUATED,PRODUCINGGREATLYENHANCEDSTABILITY,ANDWITHINCERTAINPARAMETERS,AGILITYTHEDRIVEROFAMAZDA4W5EQUIPPEDCARDERIVESFIVESTRATEGICBENEFITS,OVERANDABOVETHECONVENTIONALVEHICLECHASSIS1SUPERIORCORNERINGSTABILITY2IMPROVEDSTEERINGRESPONSIVENESSANDPRECISION3HIGHSPEEDSTRAIGHTLINESTABILITY4NOTABLEIMPROVEMENTINRAPIDLANECHANGINGMANOEUVRES5SMALLERTURNINGRADIUSANDTIGHTSPACEMANOEUVRABILITYATLOWVEHICLESPEEDRANGETHEMOSTOUTSTANDINGADVANTAGEOFTHEMAZDA4WSISTHATITCONTRIBUTESTOANOTABLEREDUCTIONINDRIVERFATIGUEOVERHIGHSPEEDANDEXTENDEDTRAVELLINGTHISISACHIEVEDBYOPTIMALLY1REDUCINGTHERESPONSEDELAYTOSTEERINGINPUTANDACTIONAND2ELIMINATINGTHEVEHICLESEXCESSIVEREACTIONTOSTEERINGINPUTINESSENCE,BYPROVIDINGTHEOPTIMUMSOLUTIONTOTHEPHENOMENARESEARCHEDBYTHETWOYOUNGMAZDAENGINEERSINTHEEARLYSIXTIES一BYTHEMETHODADVOCATEDBYTHEM一THE4WSSYSTEMHASEMERGEDASAFULLYBENEFICIALTECHNOLOGYSTRATEGICCONSTRUCTIONTHEMAZDA4WSCONSISTSOFARACKANDPINIONFRONTSTEERINGSYSTEMTHATISHYDRAULICALLYASSISTEDBYATWINTANDEMPUMPMAINPOWERSOURCE,WITHANOVERALLSTEERINGRATIOOF1421THEREARWHEELSTEERINGMECHANISMISALSOHYDRAULICALLYASSISTEDBYTHEMAINPUMPANDELECTRONICALLYCONTROLLED一ACCORDINGTOTHEFRONTSTEERINGANGLEANDVEHICLESPEEDTHEREARSTEERINGSHAFTEXTENDSFROMTHERACKBAROFTHEFRONTSTEERINGGEARASSEMBLYTOTHEREARSTEERINGPHASECONTROLUNITTHEREARSTEERINGSYSTEMISCOMPRISEDOFTHEINPUTENDOFTHEREARSTEERINGSHAFT,VEHICLESPEEDSENSORS,ASTEERINGPHASECONTROLUNIT{DETERMININGDIRECTIONANDDEGREE,APOWERCYLINDERANDANOUTPUTRODACENTERINGLOCKSPRINGISINCORPORATED,WHICHLOCKSTHEREARSYSTEMINANEUTRALSTRAIGHTFORWARD}POSITIONINTHEEVENTOFHYDRAULICFAILUREADDITIONALLY,ASOLENOIDVALVETHATDISENGAGESHYDRAULICASSISTTHEREBYACTIVATINGTHECENTERINGLOCKSPRING}INCASEOFANELECTRICALFAILUREISINELUDEDTHE4WSSYSTEMVARIESTHEPHASEANDRATIOOFTHEREARWHEELSTEERINGTOTHEFRONTWHEELS,ACCORDINGTOTHEVEHICLESPEEDITSTEERSTHEREARWHEELSTOWARDTHEOPPOSITEPHASEDIRECTION}OFTHEFRONTWHEELDURINGSPEEDSLESSTHAN35KMLH22MPH}FORATIGHTERTURNANDNEUTRALIZESTHEMTOASTRAIGHTFORWARDDIRECTION,ASINACONVENTIONALTWOWHEELSTEERINGPRINCIPLE}AT35KMLH22MPH}ABOVETHATSPEED,THESYSTEMSTEERSTOWARDTHESAMEPHASEDIRECTIONASTHEFRONTWHEELS,THEREBYGENERATINGANINCREASEDCORNERINGFORCEFORSTABILITYTHEMAXIMUNSTEERINGANGLEOFTHEREARWHEELSEXTENDS5DEGREESTOEITHERLEFTORRIGHT,AMEASUREMENTTH敏MAZDAHASDETERMINEDTOBEOPTIMALLYEFFECTIVEANDNATURALTOHUMANSENSITIVITYPRIMARYCOMPONENTS1VEHICLESPEEDSENSORSINTERPRETSPEEDOMETERSHELFREVOLUTIONSANDSENDSIGNALTOTHEELECTRONICCOMPUTERUNITTWOSENSORS,ONEWITHINTHESPEEDOMETERANDTHEOTHERATTHETRANSMISSIONOUTPUT,AREUSEDTOCROSSCHECKTHEOTHERFORACCURACYANDFAILSAFEMEASURES2STEERINGPHASECONTROLUNITCONVEYSTOTHEPOWERSTEERINGCYLINDERBOOSTERVALVETHEDIRECTIONANDSTROKEOFREARWHEELSTEERINGBYTHECOMBINEDMOVEMENTOFTHECONTROLYOKEANGLEANDBEVELGEARREVOLUTIONS3ELECTRICSTEPPERMOTORPERFORMSALTERINGOFTHEYOKEANGLEANDBEVELGEARPHASING4REARSTEERINGSHAFTTRANSMITSFRONTWHEELSTEERINGANGLEBYTURNINGTHESMALLBEVELGEARINTHESTEERINGPHASECONTROLUNIT,WHICHROTATESTHEMAINBEVELGEARINTHEASSEMBLY5CONTROLVALVEFEEDSHYDRAULICPRESSURETOTHESTEERINGACTUATOR,ACCORDINGTOTHEPHASEANDSTROKEREQUIREDFORAPPROPRIATEREARWHEELSTEERING6HYDRAULICPOWERCYLINDEROPERATESTHEOUTPUTRODBYHYDRAULICPRESSUREANDSTEERSTHEREARWHEELSITLOCKSTHEREARWHEELSINANEUTRALSTRAIGHTFORWARDPOSITIONWITHTHECENTERINGLOCKSPRING,WHICHISACTIVATEDBYASOLENOIDVALVEINCASEOFFAILURETOENSUREANORMAL2WSFUNCTIONFORTHEVEHICLE7HYDRAULICPUMPPROVIDESHYDRAULICPRESSURETOBOTHTHEFRONTANDREARSTEERINGSYSTEMSDETAILSOFSTEERINGPHASECONTROLUNITTHESTEERINGPHASECONTROLUNITALTERSTHEDIRECTIONANDDEGREEOFREARWHEELSTEERINGITCONSISTSOFASTEPPERMOTORTHATCONTROLSTHEREARSTEERINGRATIO,ACONTROLYOKE,ASWINGARM,AMAINBEVELGEARENGAGEDTOTHEREARSTEERINGSHAFTVIAASMALLBEVELGEAR,ANDACONTROLRODCONNECTEDTOTHECONTROLVALVEITOPERATESAOPPOSITEPHASEDIRECTIONSTEERINGUNDER35KMLH22MPH
