模因论视角下的看冯小刚八部喜剧电影中的言语幽默

模因论视角下的看冯小刚八部喜剧电影中的言语幽默独创性声明本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作和取得的研究成果,除了文中特别加以标注和致谢之处外,论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果,也不包含为获得丞洼王些太堂或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。学位论文作者签名匙嘶窗签字日期咖弓年弓月十日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解丞洼王些太堂有关保留、使用学位论文的规定。特授权丞洼王些太堂可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索,并采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编以供查阅和借阅。同意学校向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和磁盘。保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权说明学位论文作者签名恕磷唁签字日期讼I弓年弓月牛日导师签名琊争、签字日期HJ三年3月斗曰学位论文的主要创新点一、本文在结合SULS的二阶段模型和模因论的主要观点,并对语料进行分析后,得出分析冯小刚电影言语幽默的理论模型。二、本文总结了冯小刚喜剧电影中的台词为何能成为生活中的流行模因的七个原因。ACLMOWLEDGEMENTSFIRSTLY,1WOULD10VETOGIVEMYSINCERETHANKSTOMYSCHOOL_TIANJINPOLYTECHNICUNIVERS时ANDTHEISTITUTEWHREIHAVESTUDIEDFORHALFAND觚OYEARS_一SCHOOLOFFREIGNLAGUAGES,WITHOUTWHICH1WULDHAVENOCHANCETONNISHTHISTHESISSECONDLY,ISHOULDEXPRESSMY舒ATITUDEOMYSUPEISOR,PROFGUOQINGZHUASTHEDEANOFTHESCHOOLOFFOREIGNLAGUAGES,HEISALWAYSOVERSCHEDULED,BUTHEALSOMADETIMETOCOLLRECTMYDRARAGAINADAGAINWITH矿EATPIENCEHEINSTNLCTEDMEHOWTOREADANDWRITER,ANDMOREIMPORRTANTHOWTOTHINKTHIRDLYSINCERETHANKSSHOULDALSOBEGIVENTOTHOSEGREATTEACHERSWHOHAVEBEENIMPARTINGKNOWLEDGETOME,INSTRUCTINGANDENCOURAGINGMEDURINGTHEPERIODOFMYPOSTGRADUATESTDYFOURTHLY,1WOULDALWAYSBEVE巧GRATEFULTOMY24CLASSMATES,WHOGAVEMELTSOFHELPBOTHINLIFEANDSTUDYLASTBUTNOTHELEAST,IMUSTTHANKMYPARENTS,WITHOUTTHEIRUNDERSTANDINGENCOURAGEMENT,THISTHESISWOULDNEVERHAVEBEENFINISHED,ANDTHEIRNFINITELOVEMAKESMEWHOIAM。THISWORKISDEDICATEDTOHEMABSTRACTTHISTHESISSELECTSFENGXIAOGANGSEIGHTCOMEDYMOVIESASTHERESEARCHMATERIALTAKINGTHEMEMETICSASTHEGUIDANCEA11DWI廿1THEHELPOFTHEINCONGMITYRESOLUTIONTHERY,THISPAPERMAINLYANALYZESTHEHUMORMECHANISMOFTHEHUMOROUSLINESINFENGXIAOGANGSCOMEDYMOVIES,CHARACTERISTICSANDTRANSMISSIONMODEFTHEHUMOROUSLALLGUAGEMEMES,ANDTHEREASONWHYSOMELANGUAGEMEMESMHISFILMSCANBECOMETHCATCHWORDSINDAILYLIFETHERESEARCHSHOWSTHATHEHUMOROUSE仃ECTINTHEFILMISCAUSEDBYTHERESOLUTIONOFTWOPAIRSOFINCON铲UOUSFACTORSONEISTHEINTEMALFCTOR,NAMELY,FORMANDCONTENT,ANDTHEOTHERISTHEXTEMALFCTOR,N锄ELY,THEDEFAULTCONTEXTANDNEWCONTEXTLANGUAGEMEMESAREPREADINTHEMODEOFGENOTYPEORPHENO够PE,ANDITISDURINGTHETRANSMISSIONTHATTHEINHAHNONIOUSFACTORSCOMEUPTHEPROCESSWHENPEOPLERESOLVETHINCONGMITYWITHTHEKNOWLEDGEOFLANGUAGEWHICHTEYHAVEALREADYHADISJUSTTHEONEWHENHUMORISPERCEIVEDTHISP印ERCONNECTSSULSTWOSTAGEMODELWITHTHERELATEDKNOWLEDGEINMEMETICSTOANALYZETHRESEARCHMATERIAL,ANDPROPOSESATHEORETICALMODELFORMEANALYSISOFTHEVERBALHUMORINFENGXIAOGANGSCOMEDYMOVIESNALSOSUMMARIZESSIXCHARACTERISTICSOFTHEHUMOROUSLANGUAGEMEMESINFENGXIAOGANGSCOMEDYMOVIES,LISTSSOMELANGUAGEMEMESIN也EFILMWHICHBECOMESTHECATCHWORDSINPEOPLESDAILYLIFEANDGIVESSEVENREASONSWHYTHEYCANGETPOPULARAMONGPEOPLEITISHOPEDTHATTHROUGHTHEINTENSIVETUDYOFTHELANGUAGEINHISFILMS,THISEISCOULDHELPMEAUDIENCEUNDERSTANDAND印PRECIATEFENGXIAOGANGSCOMEDYMOVIESBTTERASWELLASREALIZETHSKILLSANDCHARNLOFTHE1ANGUAGEINHISNLMSKEYWORDSMEMETICSLINESINFENGXIAOGANGSCOMEDYMOVIESLANGUAGEMEMES摘要本文以冯小刚的八部喜剧电影为研究素材,以模因论为指导,并结合乖讹消解论分析了冯小刚喜剧电影中幽默话语的幽默机制,幽默语言模因的特点和传播模式,以及为何电影中的某些语言模因能够成为人们生活中的流行语。研究结果表明,电影中幽默的产生源自于两对不协调因素的消解,一是语言模因的内部因素,即内容与形式,二是语言模因的外部因素,即缺省语境与新语境。语言模因以基因型或表现型进行复制和传播,在此过程中,不协调因素会出现,而人们利用对语言的已有认知来对乖讹进行消解的过程正是幽默被感知的过程。论文将SULS的二阶段模型与模因论的有关知识相结合,在分析了大量的语料之后,提出了分析冯小刚喜剧电影中言语幽默的理论模型,同时总结了冯小刚幽默电影中幽默语言模因的六大特点,并以词、句子和段落为分类依据列举了电影里那些成为人们生活中流行语的语言模因以及提出了它们能够成为流行语的七种原因。希望通过本论文的研究,观众可以认识到冯小刚喜剧电影台词的语言技巧和魅力,以便更好的理解和欣赏他的喜剧电影。关键词模因论冯小刚喜剧电影台词语言模因CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTSABSTRACT摘要CHAPTER1INTRODUCTION111BACKGROUNDOFTHESTUDY112DATACOLLECTIONANDRESEARCHMETODOLOGY113PU印OSEANDSIGNIFICANCEOFTHSTUDY2140RGANIZATIONOFTHESTUDY2CHAPTER2LITERATUREREVIEW一521DEFINITIONOFHUMOR522V色RBALHUMORRESEARCHES7221INTRODUCTIONTOV|ERBALHUMOR7222THREECLASSICALTHEORIESINHUMORSTUDY8223PREVIOUSLINGUISTICSUDIESONVERBALHUMOR1123PREVIOUSRESEARCHESONFNGXIAOGANGSCOMEDYMOVIES14CHAPTER3THEO化TICALFRAMEL731DEFJNITIONOFMEME1732FEATURESOFASUCCESSFULMEME1833FOURSTAGESOFMEMERPLICATION2034THERELATIONSHIPBETWEENMMEANDLANGUAGE2135REPLICATIONNDTRANSMISSIONPATTEMFLANGUAGEMEMS22CHAPTER4MEMETICSTUDYOFFENGSCOMEDYMOVIES2541HCONGMITYRESOLUTIONTHEOUINTHEINTE印RETATIONOFVRERBALHUMOR2542VERBALHUMOFANDINCONGRUITYOFLANGUAGEMEMS一2843VERBALHUMORCAUSEDBYGENOTYPEANDPHENOTYPE33431LANGUAGEMEMESREPLICATEDANDTRANSMITTEDBYGENOTYPE33432LANGUAGEMEMESREPLICATEDANDTRANSMITTEDBYPHNOTYPE3844CHARACTERISTICSOFTHEHUMOROUSLANGUAGEMEMES45441DIALECTSBO盯OWING45442CATCHWORDSORCATCHPHRASESBORROWING48443JOKESBORROWING51444FOREIGNLAGUAGESBORROWING53445SLANGSANDFONADAGESBOFTOWING54446WBRDSBONOWINGOFPOLITICALORMIITA拶STYLE5645CLASSICALLINESANDPOPULARLNGUAGEMEMES5946REASONSFORTHEPOPULARITYOFSOMEMOVIELINES63461PRACTICALITV一64462RATIONALITV64463SAIIENCE65464AUTHORITATIVENESS66465COHERENCE66466ANI咖一67467HUMOROUSNESS6747SUMMARV68CHAPTER5CONCLUSION7L51M旬ORFINDINGS7152SIGNMCANCEOFMSTUDY7153LIMITATIONSANDSUGGESTIONSFORTHEFURTHERSTUDY72WORLSCITED73发表论文和参加科研情况IICHAPTERLINTRODUCTIONCHAPTER1INTRODUCTION11BACKGROUNDOFTHESTUDYTBFINDOUTHEREASONFBRCONTINUOUSVARIATIONINCULTURALBEHAVIORSSEVERALSCHOLARSHAVETRIEDTOMAKEACOMPARATIVESUDYBASEDONTHETHEORYOFNATURALEVOLUTIONANDSELECTIONSNCETHEEARLY1970SAMONGTHOSEAUTHORS,RICHARDDAWKINS,WHOCREATEDHETENNMEMEONTHEAAIOGYFTHEHEREDITARYUNITINBIOLOGY,THEGENE,POPULARIZEDTHEMEMTICAPPROACHSINCETHEN,THISINVENTEDTERM“MEMEHASBEENWIDELYUSEDINVARIOUSCONTEXTS,AFFBCTINGLOTSOFDSCIPLINESTHEREAREMANYOTHERSCHOLARSSUCHASSUSANBLACKMORE,DOUGLASHOFSTADTERNDDANIELDENNETT,WHOBECOMESUPPORTERSOFMEMETICSANDMADEGREATEF佑RTSOMAKEITTOWHATIISNOWTHOUGHTHETIMEFORITSDEVELOPMENTISSHON,THISNELDEVENHASTHESCIENTI行CJOUMALANDISWIDELYUSEDINCOMPUTERSCIENCEMEMETICALGORTHMSANDMARKETINGVIRALMARKETINGSUSANBLACKMOREWROTEHEBASICBOOKNMEMETICS,7协P勿聊PA如C厅F,PANDMORERCENTLY,KATEDISTINWROTE7沥PPURPOSEANDSIGNI行CANCEOFTHESTUDYASWELLASTHEORGANIZATIONOFTHESTUDYCHAPTERWOISTHELITERATUREREVIEWWHICHPRESENTST11EDENNITIONOFHUMOR,VERBALHUMORANDITSRESEARCH,THREECLASSICALTHEORIESNHUMORSTUDY,PREVIOUS2CHAPTERLIN仃ODUCTIONLINGUISTICUDIESONVERBALHUMORANDPREVIOUSSTUDIESONFENGXIAOGANGSEIGHTCOMEDYMOVIESCHAPTERHEEGIVESADESCRIPTIONOFTHETHEORETICALFLRAMEWORKINTHISPAPER,INCLUDINGTHEDE行NITIONOFMEME,FEATURESOFASUCCESSFULMEME,FOURSTAGESOFMEMEREPIICATION,THERELATIONSHIPBETWEENMMEANDLANGUAGE,REPLICATIONANDTRNSMISSIONPATTEMOFLANGUAGEMEMSCHAPTERFOURISTHEMAINPARTWHICHADOPTSTHEINCONGRUITYRESOLUTIONTHE巧ANDMEMETICSTOEXPLAINVERBALHUMORINFENGXIAOGANGSCOMEDYMOVIESWITHTHEHELPOFEXAMPLES,ILLUSTRATESTWOTRANSMISSIONMODESOF1ANGUAGEMEMESINHISNIM,SUMMARIZESTHECHARACTERISTICSOFTHEHUMOROUSLANGUAGEMEMESANDISCUSSESTHRELATIONSHIPBETWEENCLASSICALLINESANDPOPULARNGUAGEMEMSCHAPTER行VEMAKSACONCLUSIONOFTHISPAPER,WHICHSHOWSTHEMAJORNNDINGSANDTHESIGNINCANCEOFTHESTUDY,POINTSUTHELIMITATIONSANDGIVESSUGGESTIONSFBRFURTHERSTUDY3天津工业大学硕士学位论文CHAPTER2LITERATUREREVIEWCHAPTER2LITERATUREREVIEW21DENNITIONOFHUMORHUMORPERMEATESEVRYASPECTOFSOCIETYANDHASDONESOFORTHOUSANDSOFYEARSPEOPLENOWEXPERIENCEITDAILYTHOUGHTELEVISION,NEWSPAPERS,LITERATUREANDCONTACTWITHOTHERSASARTHURASABE唱ERSAYS,“ITNSINUATESITSLFINTOEVE呵ASPECTOFOUR1VESANDSTICKSITBIGNOSEINWHEREWDONTWANTI,BE略ER19931THETERM“HLIMORDERIVESFROMTHEHUMORALMEDICINEOFTHEANCIENTGREEKS,1WHICHMEANS“BODYFLUID”ITHOLDSTHATHEHUMANBODYWASFILLEDWITHFOURBASICSUBSTANCESBLOOD,PHLEGM,YELLOWBICHOLER,ANDBACKBILEMELANCHOLY,ANDEACHOFTHEMISCAILEDAKINDOFHUMORWHENTHEFOURKINDSOFHUMORSAEINBALANCEAPERSONISHEALTHYTHEWORDWASNOTUSEDASANAESTHETICCONEPTIONUNTILTHELATE17HCENTURVSINCETHENRSTTIMETHATTHEWORD“HUMOR,HASAROUEDTHECURIOSITYOFPEOPLE,THEREHAVEBEENMANYGREATMINDSSTUDYINGONIT,FROM“ARISTOTLEANDKANTTOBE略SONANDFREUD1THASALSOFASCINATEDNPLAYEDANIMPORTANTPRINTHEWORKOFOURGREATESTWRITERSSUCHASCERVANTES,SHAKESPEARE,MOLIERE,SWIFTAND7RWAIN”BERGERL9932ALTHOUGHHLMORISACOMMONPHENOMENONINSOCIALLIFE,ASWLLASANIMPORTANTISSUEINARTMAKINGPRACTICEANDARTISTICAPPRECIATION,THEREISSTILLAGATDEALOFCONTROVERSYABOUTWHATHUMORISARERTHOUSANDSOFYEARSOFRESEARCHES,BECAUSEITISDIFNCULTTOMAKECLEARITSCONNOTATIONNDENOTATIONTHEE91SHDRAMATISTWLLIAMCONGREVEALSOSIGHSTHATRODE行NEHUMOUR,PERHAPS,WERESDI侬CULT,ASDENNEWITFORLIKETHAT,ITSINFINITEVARIETYTBENUMERATETHESEVERALHUMOURSOFMEN,WEREAWORKASENDLESS,ASTOSUMUPTHEIRSEVERALOPINIONSLINDSAYANDERSKINEHILL198991ALTHOUGHDENNINGTHETENN“HUMOR,ISNOTEAY,LOTSOFDOMESTICANDOVERSEASSCHOLARSSTILLGIVEDEFINITIONSOHUMORFOMTHEIROWNPOINTSOFVIEWINATTARDOSVIEW,“HUMORISATEMLINCLUDING“AN”HINGTHATISORMAYBESEEB乜型IKI乜DI4QG型IKI旦丛丛QH5天津工业大学硕士学位论文CONSIDEREDTOBE“FUNNY,AMUSING,ORLAUGHABLE”ATTARDO20LLL35APTE,THEAMERICANSCHOLARA唱UESTHAT“HUMORISPEOPIESUNCONSCIOUSEXPERIENCE”APTEL985L4,ANDITISTHEEXTE“ORWOLD”THATMAKESHUMORFHLIOFHAPPINESSANDJOYALISONROSSGIVESABROADDENNITIONHATHUMORIS“SOMETHJLLGTHATMAKESAPERSONLAUGHORSINJLE”ROSS19981ACCORDINGTPALMER,HUMORISANYTHJNGTHATISTRULYORPOTENTIALLY“FUNNYORLAU曲ABLEPAIMERL9943,ANDITISAISOTHEPROCESSBYWHICHTHE“FUNLLINESSOCCURS11111ISVIEW,UMORREASONLEADSTOFUNYRESULT,THATISOSAY,HUMORCANBESEENASAGENERAITERMOFTHOSEINDEPELLDENTE11TITIESHATCAUSEFUNNINESS,ORRATHERLAUGHTERRASKINPROPOSESTOUSETHETENLLHULNORINTHELEASTRESTRICTEDSENSE,INTERCHANGEABLYWITHTHEFUNN”RASKINL9858SINCELINYUTANGINTRODUCEDHUMORIN1924,THEREHAVEBEENMANYCHINESESCHOLARSGIVINGTHEIROWNEXPLANATIONSTOHUMOR,AMONGWHOMLINMUSTBET11ENRSTTOBEMENTIONEDHECLAIMSTHATHUMORHASITSBROADMEANINGADNARROWMEANINGTHEBROADHUMORISTHOSETHINGSWHICLLMAKEPOPLELAUGH,ANDEVENTHEVULGARJOKESAREINCLUDEDINTHENARROWSENSE,HUMORJSDIFERENTF的MWIT,IRONYANDSATIRE,ANDT11EPOSITIVEASPECTSINTHEBROADHUMORAREMPHASIZEDLIN2007L39LAOSHEFBCUSESONTHEPSYCHOSOCIALSIDEOFPEOPIEHEHOLDSTHAT行RSTOFAL,HUINORISASTATEOFMINDAHUMOROUSPERONWRITESTHEFUNNYPOINTSOFAFFAIRSNHUINANLIFESK川FULLYARERPERCEIVINGTHEMHESESTHEDENCIENCYOFTHEWORLD,ANDISWILLNGTOSHOWITTOOTHERSHEADMITSTHEDEFECTSOFHUMANBEING,SOEVERYONEISAMUSING,ANDHEISNOTTHEEXCEPTIONPAREDWITHONESNNITELIFESPAN,HISINNNITEATEMPTSARECONTRADICTORYAND“DICULOUS,SOIAUGHTERCNTAINSSYMPATHYLAOL999258COMPAREDWITHTEDENNITIONSGIVENBYTHEWESTEMSCHOLARS,THENARROWSENSEISPREFBRREDBYTHETRADITIONALVIEWOFHUMORINCHINAITPAYSATTELLTIONTOTHESOCIALMEANING,HUMANISTICSPIRT,CULTUREANDAESTHETICS,BUTEXPELSTHEABSURD,WAGGERY,WITANDSATIRETHISISTHEORETICALLYUNDISPUTABLE,BUTTHBOUNDARYBETWEENHUMORANDTHELATTERISNOTCLEARINTHEACTUALPRACTICE,WHICHISAGREEDBYMANYCHINESELINGUISTSANDWRITERSTHESCHOLARCHENWANGDAOHOLDSTHATINFACT,PUREHUMORANDPUREIRONY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