毕业论文-基于51单片机的寝室温湿度检测装置系统设计

计控学院COLLEGEOFCOMPUTERANDCONTROLENGINEERINGQIQIHARUNIVERSITY电气工程课程设计报告题目基于单片机的寝室温湿度检测装置的设计系别电气工程系适用班级电气12级指导教师时间学生姓名提交日期摘要随着人们生活水平的提高，人们对健康提出了更高的要求，空气中的湿度通过各种直接或间接途径影响了我们的舒适感，空气中的湿度过大或过小都会对人体健康不利。在日常生活中，温湿度监控系统应用很广泛，例如机房、档案馆、材料加工场等场所，乃至我们的寝室，温湿度与健康密切关联，都必须控制环境的温度和相对湿度，使其保持在一定的范围。使用DHT11可以灵活的检测环境的温湿度，由用户设定一定的阈值，实时监测显示，并且可以根据用户要求设定报警装置，当温湿度超过一定的范围时，立即报警。基于此，我设计了一款用51单片机控制的温湿度监控系统，操作简单，使用方便。关键词温湿度；51单片机；DHDT11目录摘要I第1章绪论111本论文的背景和意义112本论文的基本内容113方案设计1131温湿度监控系统满足的基本要求1132系统功能原理图2第2章硬件设计321电路原理图322电路原理图介绍323蜂鸣器电路部分说明424晶振电路部分说明4251602模块电路说明426湿度传感器DHT11介绍527技术参数说明6第3章软件设计731软件设置实现的功能732软件流程图7第4章实验板测试8结论9参考文献10附录11第1章绪论11本论文的背景和意义室内温湿监控系统的设计是一个对现实生活非常实用，本课题研究的主要内容是设计制作对室内温湿度的监督与控制，相当于简易空调的制作，了解空调系统，运用原理设计制作方案；运用物理知识制作控制温湿变化设备；传感器获取外界温湿度参数，51单片机编程控制，实现智能化设计；并用仿真软件对控制效果进行仿真研究。随着科技的飞速发展和普及，高性能设备越来越多，各行各业对温湿度的要求也越来越高。传统的温湿度监测模式是以人为基础，依靠人工轮流值班，人工巡回查看等方式来测量和记录环境状况信息。在这种模式下，不仅效率低下不利于人才资源的充分利用，而且缺乏科学性，许多重大事故都是由人为因素造成的，人工维护缺乏完整的管理系统。而问世监控系统就可以解决这样人才资源浪费，管理不及时的问题，这是由于它的智能化设计所决定的。它的工作步骤如下感应环境温湿度；单片机判断感应到的温湿度是否异常；若感应到的温湿度异常，实行措施进行调节；判断异常是否超过预设时间，若超过预设时间，则输出异常信号报警；判断异常是否处理完毕，若处理完毕，解除报警。这样就可以利用控制器对机房温湿度进行监控，从而实现环境温湿度管理的实时性和有效性。故本次设计对于类似项目还具有普遍意义。12本论文的基本内容本设计完成的是温室的温湿度监测系统，利用单片机设一个温湿度检测系统，对给定的温湿度进行测试并实时显示，并怕不断当时的温度或湿度是否在规定的范围内，若不是，测启动报警系统。13方案设计131温湿度监控系统满足的基本要求A温度检测范围050度，相对湿度2090；B可以根据实际用途设定温湿度报警值；C监测数据可以通过模块显示；132系统功能原理图根据设计要求确定了系统的总体方案，整个方案由单片机、湿温度传感器、显示模块、报警器等五部分组成。系统功能原理图如图1所示。图11系统功能原理图第2章硬件设计21电路原理图单片机是整个系统的控制中枢，它指挥外围器件协调工作，从而完成特定功能。硬件实现上采用模块化设计，每个模块只实现一个功能，最好将各个模块连接在一起。这种设计比较简单的就可以实现，电路原理图如图21所示温度传感器湿度传感器单片机LCD显示蜂鸣器12345678910111213141516160216PINVCCP17P16P15P14P13P12P11P10P37P36/RESTP30/RXDP31/TXDXTAL0XTAL1P32P33P34P35GND1234567891011121314151617181920J1STC11F04E12M传传C230PFC130PFR1300R3U1BUZZERQ1NPNR21KP32P32VCCC310UFP3P5P4VCCVCCDHT11传传传传传传VCC1234P3P4P5图21电路原理图22电路原理图介绍本系统主要硬件有电源电路、温湿度传感器、蜂鸣器、晶振电路、复位电路、LCD显示电路、且控制电路的核心器件是由STC红晶科技公司生产的STC11F04E单片机，属于MCS51列,STC11F04E是一种低功耗、高性能的CMOS8位微控制器，具有8K在系统可编程FLASH存储器；相比传统的51系列速度更快，且在本设计中充分利用了该单片机的资源不浪费I/O口。片上FLASH允许程序存储器在线编程。这些优点使得STC11F04E为众多嵌入式控制应用系统提供高灵活、超有效的解决方案，价格低廉，性能可靠，抗干扰强，因此广泛应用在工业控制和嵌入式中。系统的蜂鸣器电路、晶振电路、复位电路如图21、图22、图23所示图22蜂鸣器电路图23晶振电路图24复位电路23蜂鸣器电路部分说明蜂鸣器额定电流小于30MA,其中使用三极管驱动工作，为了减少功耗本实验采用9012晶体管。24晶振电路部分说明晶振电路采用11095MHZ的无源晶振，微调电容大小取30PF。251602模块电路说明显示模块选用1602字符型液晶模块，是目前应用比较广泛的液晶屏之一，电路如图25所示。12345678910111213141516160216PINR3VCC图251602液晶显示电路26湿度传感器DHT11介绍DHT11数字温湿度传感器是一款含有已校准熟悉信号输出的温湿度复合传感器，它应用专用的数字模块采集技术和温湿度传感技术，确保产品具有极高的可靠性和卓越的长期稳定性。传感器包括一个电阻式感湿元件和一个NTC测温元件，并与一个高性能8位单片机相连接。因此该产品具有品质卓越、超快响应、抗干扰能力强、性价比极高等优点。每个DHT11传感器都在即为精确的湿度校验室中进行校准。校准系数以程序的形式存在OTP内存中，传感器内部在检测型号的处理过程中要调用这些校准系数。单线制串行接口，使系统集成变得简易快捷。超小的体积、极低的功耗，信号传输距离可达20米以上，使其成为给类应用甚至最为苛刻的应用场合的最佳选择。产品为4针单排引脚封装，连接方便。DHT11应用电路如图26图26DHT11应用电路27技术参数说明A供电电压3355VDC；B输出单总线数字信号；C测量范围湿度2090RH，温度050；D测量精度湿度5RH，温度2；E分辨率湿度1RH，温度1；F互换性可完全互换；G长期稳定性INCLUDETYPEDEFUNSIGNEDCHARUNINT8TYPEDEFUNSIGNEDCHARUNINT16UNSIGNEDCHARSTR1“UNSIGNEDCHARSTR2“UNSIGNEDCHARCODEDIS1“2H“UNSIGNEDCHARCODEDIS2“618T“SBITTRHP37/温湿度传感器DHT11数据接入SBITSTP31/状态显示，是为了方便调试，具体使用的时候可以不要SBITSFP32SBITLCD_RSP33SBITLCD_RWP34SBITLCD_ENP35UNINT8TH_DATA,TL_DATA,RH_DATA,RL_DATA,CK_DATAUNINT8TH_TEMP,TL_TEMP,RH_TEMP,RL_TEMP,CK_TEMPUNINT8COM_DATA,UNTEMP,TEMPUNINT8RESPOND/VOIDDELAYNOP_NOP_NOP_NOP_NOP_NOP_NOP_NOP_NOP_NOP_NOP_NOP_NOP_/毫秒级延时子程序/VOIDDELAY_MSUNSIGNEDCHARMSUNSIGNEDCHARIWHILEMSFORI0I2|TH_DATA/102|TH_DATA105DELAY_MS50SF1ELSESF1STR10CHAR0X30RH_DATA/10STR11CHAR0X30RH_DATA10STR120X2E/小数点/湿度小数部分STR13CHAR0X30RL_DATA/10STR150X25/“STR160X52/“R“STR170X48/“H“/温度整数部分STR20CHAR0X30TH_DATA/10STR21CHAR0X30TH_DATA10STR220X2E/小数点/温度小数部分STR23CHAR0X30TL_DATA/10STR250XDF/“STR260X43/“C“/主函数/TH,TL,RH,RL分别代表温湿度的整数和小数部分/VOIDMAINUNSIGNEDCHARI,N0X40,MLCD_INITDELAY_USWHILE1READ_TRH/写字符FORI0I7IDELAY_MS5LCD_DIS_POSI/显示字符DELAY_MS5LCD_WDATADIS1IDELAY_MS5LCD_DIS_POSNI/显示字符DELAY_MS5LCD_WDATADIS2I/写湿度数据M0X08FORI0I7ILCD_DIS_POSMDELAY_MS5LCD_WDATASTR1IDELAY_MS5M/写温度数据M0X48FORI0I7ILCD_DIS_POSMDELAY_MS5LCD_WDATASTR2IDELAY_MS5M/延时DELAY_MS1000请删除以下内容，O_O谢谢THETERM“AUTISM“REFERSTOACLUSTEROFCONDITIONSAPPEARINGEARLYINCHILDHOODALLINVOLVESEVEREIMPAIRMENTSINSOCIALINTERACTION,COMMUNICATION,IMAGINATIVEABILITIES,ANDRIGID,REPETITIVEBEHAVIORSTOBECONSIDEREDANAUTISTICDISORDER,SOMEOFTHESEIMPAIRMENTSMUSTBEMANIFESTBEFORETHEAGEOFTHREETHEREFERENCEBOOKUSEDBYMENTALHEALTHPROFESSIONALSTODIAGNOSEMENTALDISORDERSISTHEDIAGNOSTICANDSTATISTICALMANUALOFMENTALDISORDERS,ALSOKNOWNASTHEDSMTHE2000EDITIONOFTHISREFERENCEBOOKTHEFOURTHEDITIONTEXTREVISIONKNOWNASDSMIVTRPLACESAUTISMINACATEGORYCALLEDPERVASIVEDEVELOPMENTALDISORDERSALLOFTHESEDISORDERSARECHARACTERIZEDBYONGOINGPROBLEMSWITHMUTUALSOCIALINTERACTIONANDCOMMUNICATION,ORTHEPRESENCEOFSTRANGE,REPETITIVEBEHAVIORS,INTERESTS,ANDACTIVITIESPEOPLEDIAGNOSEDWITHTHESEDISORDERSAREAFFECTEDINMANYWAYSFORTHEIRENTIRELIVESDESCRIPTIONEACHCHILDDIAGNOSEDWITHANAUTISTICDISORDERDIFFERSFROMEVERYOTHER,ANDSOGENERALDESCRIPTIONSOFAUTISTICBEHAVIORANDCHARACTERISTICSDONOTAPPLYEQUALLYTOEVERYCHILDSTILL,THECOMMONIMPAIRMENTSINSOCIALINTERACTION,COMMUNICATIONANDIMAGINATION,ANDRIGID,REPETITIVEBEHAVIORSMAKEITPOSSIBLETORECOGNIZECHILDRENWITHTH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